9 Questions On Level 2 A&p

The heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It acts as a muscular pump that propels oxygenated blood to various organs and tissues, delivering essential nutrients and removing waste products. This continuous circulation ensures that all cells receive the necessary oxygen and nutrients for their proper functioning. Therefore, the function of the heart is to pump blood around the body.

The pulmonary artery is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. Once oxygenated, the blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. Therefore, the correct answer is "b. from the heart to the lungs."

Heart valves play a crucial role in ensuring the one-way flow of blood through the heart. They prevent the backflow of blood by opening and closing at the right time, allowing blood to flow in only one direction. This mechanism ensures that oxygenated blood is efficiently pumped to the rest of the body while deoxygenated blood is directed towards the lungs for oxygenation. Without the one-way flow provided by the heart valves, blood would not be able to circulate properly, leading to inefficient oxygenation and overall compromised cardiovascular function.

The heart is located behind the sternum, which is the bone in the center of the chest. It is slightly to the left of center, hence it is described as being just left of center. This position allows the heart to be closer to the left lung, which it works closely with to pump and oxygenate blood throughout the body.

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood out of the heart and into the systemic circulation. The aorta is the major blood vessel that carries this oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. It is the largest artery in the body and branches out into smaller arteries to supply oxygen and nutrients to all the organs and tissues.

The lungs are located above the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The lungs are situated in the chest cavity, above the diaphragm, and are protected by the ribcage.

According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), hypertension is considered severe if the systolic blood pressure is 180 mmHg or higher or the diastolic blood pressure is 110 mmHg or higher. This means that if a person's blood pressure reaches or exceeds these levels, it is classified as severe hypertension.

During pulmonary circulation, the right ventricle pumps de-oxygenated blood via an artery to the lungs. This is because the right ventricle receives de-oxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. Once the blood reaches the lungs, it undergoes oxygenation and becomes oxygenated before returning to the heart. Therefore, option c is the correct answer.

Diastolic blood pressure is a measure of the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries whilst the heart relaxes. During diastole, the heart is in its resting phase and is filling with blood. The pressure exerted on the arterial walls during this phase represents the minimum pressure in the arteries, which is known as diastolic blood pressure. This measurement is important in assessing the health of the cardiovascular system and can help identify conditions such as hypertension.