Parasitology Test Version 3

Cryptosporidium parvum is a parasitic protozoan that infects the gastrointestinal tract. It is known to occur within the brush border of epithelial cells of the intestine. This location allows the parasite to attach to and invade the intestinal cells, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. The other options mentioned, such as the liver biliary drainage, fecal part of the intestine, and lens of the eye, are not the typical sites of infection for Cryptosporidium parvum.

Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is a parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania parasite. It primarily affects the internal organs, such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Dum-dum fever is another name for visceral leishmaniasis, so it is not a type of the disease but rather a synonym for it. Death fever, also known as black fever, is another name for visceral leishmaniasis, so it is also not a different type. On the other hand, nephritic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by inflammation in the glomeruli, which is not related to visceral leishmaniasis. Therefore, nephritic syndrome is not a type of visceral leishmaniasis.

Chilomastix mesnili is considered a harmless commensal, which means it lives in the human intestines without causing harm or symptoms. Unlike other organisms that can cause intestinal disturbances, bronchial or pulmonary infections, or bloody diarrhea, Chilomastix mesnili does not have any known negative effects on the body. Therefore, it is not responsible for any symptoms or health issues.

The correct answer is "movement is slow among the red blood capsules." Trypanosoma gambiense is a parasite that causes African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. It is characterized by spindle-shaped bodies and is primarily found in Africa. It is transmitted through the bite of infected tse-tse flies. However, the movement of Trypanosoma gambiense is not slow among the red blood capsules.

The correct answer is Indian. Indian is not a geographical variety of visceral leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis is mainly found in East Africa, the Mediterranean-Middle Asian region, and East Europe. However, it is not commonly found in India.

Enteromonas and Giardia belong to the order Diplomonadida.

Plasmodia are parasitic protozoa that cause malaria in humans. Plasmodium schwetzi is one of the species of Plasmodium that can infect humans. It is primarily found in Africa and is known to cause mild to moderate cases of malaria. The other options listed, Plasmodium pernicioisus, Plasmodium longicuspis, and Plasmodium orientalis, are not typically known to infect humans. Therefore, the correct answer is Plasmodium schwetzi as it is one of the Plasmodia that can infect humans.

The correct answer is dientamoeba fragilis. This is because dientamoeba fragilis does not have a cyst stage in its life cycle. Cysts are a protective stage that certain flagellates undergo to survive in harsh environments or to facilitate transmission to a new host. However, dientamoeba fragilis is an amoeba-like parasite that exists only in its trophozoite form, which is the active, feeding stage of the organism.

Ixodid ticks are known to be vectors for the transmission of various diseases, including toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma is a parasitic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis, a disease that can affect both animals and humans. It is commonly transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, but it can also be transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that ixodid ticks can serve as vectors for the transmission of toxoplasma.

Leishmania aethiopica is principally confused with leprosy.

Enteromonas hominis is the correct answer because it is the only parasite listed that does not contain chromatin. Chromatin is a complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins that make up the genetic material in the nucleus of cells. Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba hartmanni, and Endolimax nana are all parasites that contain chromatin.

Trichomonas tenax is a parasite that is associated with lung or thoracic abscesses of pleural exudates. It is a flagellated protozoan that can infect the oral cavity and respiratory tract. Infection with Trichomonas tenax can lead to the formation of abscesses in the lungs or thoracic region, resulting in the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. This can cause symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, and coughing. Therefore, Trichomonas tenax is the correct answer for this question.

The presence of a vesicular spherical nucleus, clef like cytostome, and piriform shaped ovoidal active and inactive forms are characteristics specific to trophozoites of Retortamonas intestinalis. This means that when examining a sample and observing these features, it is likely that the organism is Retortamonas intestinalis.