Module 1 Exam

1. Which of the following is true regarding referred pain:

Cutaneous pain felt not only in the diseased area but also at a viscus a distance away

Physiology of referred pain can be explained by dual thalamus supply

Dermatomal rule can explain referred pain

None of the above

2. Stimulation of the sympathetic causes :

Increased gastric HCl and pepsin secretion.

Generalized actions affecting many systems.

Bronchoconstriction.

Decreased glycogenolysis and lipolysis.

3. All the following about the sympathetic N.S. is true except:

Its stimulation causes urine retention.

It is involved in stress and emergency conditions.

It has a V.C. effect on skeletal muscle bld vessels.

Its stimulation increases the cardiac properties.

4. Pre-synaptic inhibition is mainly through:

Release of GABA inhibitory transmitter from the interneuron to inhibit the postsynaptic neuron

It is mainly by neurotransmitter serotonin

Inhibitory synaptic knob (of the interneuron) release GABA to inhibit the presynaptic neuron

None of the above

5. An injury to the first 4 sacral segments of the spinal cord produces :

Hyperglycaemia.

V.D. in the cutaneous blood vessels.

Disturbance of sweat secretion.

Lack of erection of the penis in males and clitoris in females.

Relaxation of the internal anal and urethral sphincters.

6. Which of the following may be produced by parasympathetic stimulation:

Acceleration of the heart.

Relaxation of the GIT wall

V.D. of coronary artery.

Dilatation of the pupil.

Contraction of the urinary bladder wall.

7. The nicotine-like action of acetylcholine is present in :

All preganglionic nerve endings.

The sympathetic postganglionic supply to the blood vessels in skeletal muscles.

The parasympathetic postganglionic supply to the heart.

The sympathetic postganglionic supply to the sweat glands.

The parasympathetic postganglionic supply to the GIT.

8. A drug which blocks the beta adrenergic receptors causes :

Dilatation of the bronchial muscle.

Relaxation of the sphincters in the alimentary canal.

Fall in the cardiac output.

None of the above

9. Which of the following is not an unconscious kinesthetic sensation:

Sense of muscle tone.

Momentary state of muscle contraction.

Muscle length.

Sense of joint movement.

10. Regarding Somatosensory cortical areas, which is true:

Somatosensory area I receives sensory radiation from contralateral thalamus

Astereognosis occurs due to lesion in somatosensory area I

Body representation in somatosensory area II is sharply localized

Somatic sensory association area is not important for perceiving complex sensations

11. Inhibitory post synaptic potential (IPSP) is through:

Increase the permeability of Na ion in the post synaptic membrane

Increase the influx of K ion and the outflux (efflux) of Cl ion in the post synaptic membrane

Produces a hyperpolarization state at the post synaptic potential (i.e. more intracellular negativity and more extracellular positivity)

Acetyl choline is the main neurotransmitter

12. Regarding excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP), which of the following is true:

It is a propagated potential

It lasts for more than 15 milliseconds

It leads to complete depolarization

It increases the neuronal potential and reach the threshold (firing) level

It increases the excitability of the post synaptic neuron

13. The sympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers:

Which supply the abdominal viscera relay in the sympathetic chain.

Originate at the autonomic ganglia.

Are myelinated nerve fibers

Show minimal divergence in the autonomic ganglia.

14. Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres :

Are found in somatic nerves (e.g. the median and ulnar nerves).

Form plexuses around blood vessels.

Are present in the short ciliary nerves.

Are non-medullated (non myelinated).

Are found in the greater splanchnic nerves.

15. Concerning the pelvic nerve, all the following is true except:

It is the nerve of erection (= nervus erigenes).

It is motor to the urinary bladder and distal half of the large intestine.

It is inhibitory to both the internal anal and urethral sphincters.

It has no postganglionic nerve fibres.

16. The alpha adrenergic receptors mediate all the following except :

Vasoconstriction.

Pupil dilatation.

Spleen contraction.

Relaxation of intestinal wall.

Increased cardiac activity.

Skin hair erection.

17. Regarding spinal cord gate theory of pain, which is true:

Inhibitory neuron (which is relaying on the second order neuron of the lateral spinothalamic tract) is tonically inactive

Stimulation of the sensory C fiber afferent of the lateral spinothalamic tract will inhibit the tonically active inhibitory interneuron.

None of the above

18. The sympathetic tone is most important for :

Decreasing the blood flow to the gut (GIT or alimentary canal).

Maintaining the heart rate within normal.

Keeping the fasting blood glucose level constant.

Maintenance of the systemic arterial blood pressure constant.

Causing bronchodilatation.

19. The sympathetic system cannot be responsible for:

Constriction of the pupil.

Erection of hair.

Secretion of sweat glands.

Dilatation of skeletal muscle blood vessels.

Spleen contraction.

20. Stimulation of the pelvic nerve (sacral autonomic) produces :

Relaxation of the wall of rectum and contraction of the internal anal sphincter.

V.C. of the blood vessels in the external genitalia causing erection of penis.

Contraction of the bladder wall and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter.

Contraction of smooth muscles in the male sexual passages causing ejaculation.

Relaxation of the external urethral and anal sphincters.

21. About acetylcholine, all the following is true except:

It is synthesized & released by some sympath postgang nerve fibres.

It is the chemical transmitter released by all pregang nerve fibres.

It is not related to accommodation

It is liberated by all parasympathetic postganglionic nerve fibres.

22. About receptor potential which of the following is true:

It obeys the all or none rule.

It is a form of partial depolarization.

Its absolute refractory period is too short.

It is blocked by local anesthetics.

23. the gracile pathway:

Transmits unconscious kinesthetic sensation.

Its afferent is thin slow afferent.

It runs in the spinal cord medially to the cuneat tract.

Its transmission is perceived by the thalamus.

24. Regarding cutaneous pain, which of the following is true:

Fast immediate cutaneous pain is transmitted by paleospinothalameic tract

Neospinothalamic tract is connected to the reticular formation

Sever cutaneous pain associated with hypotension

Lateral spinothalamic tract is specific only for cutaneous pain transmission

25. about hyperalgesia which of the following is true:

The pain receptor is rapidly adapting.

1ry hyperalgesia is due to central facilitation.

Secondary hyperalgesia is due to receptor hypersenstivity.

Area of flare is due to release of histamine from injured area.

26. Regarding brain opiate analgesic system, which is true:

The neuron originating from Raphe nucleus is encephalinergic neuron

Presynaptic inhibition by the local neuron is by inhibition of exocytosis from presynaptic knob

Post synaptic inhibition is by maintaining depolarization.

27. The autonomic ganglia all are true except:

Are relay stations for all preganglionic fibers passing through them.

Are the site of relay of efferent neurons.

Function as distributing centers.

Are located outside the CNS.

28. The alpha adrenergic receptors :

Are not stimulated by epinephrine.

When stimulated they reduce the gastrointestinal motility.

Are blocked by propranolol.

Increase heart rate.

29. Regarding the ventral spinothalamic tract, which of the following is not true:

Its afferent fiber is type C fiber.

The crossing of the tract to the midline is mainly in the second order neuron.

It transmits crude touch.

The main centre of this tract is the thalamus.

30. about the true visceral pain:

It is transmitted by somatic nerve fibers.

Pain from the testis is conducted through dorsal column leminiscus pathway.

Cardiac pain is conducted through sympathetic nerve fibers.

It is sharply localized.

Module 1 Exam

1. Which of the following is true regarding referred pain:

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Stimulation of the sympathetic causes :

3. All the following about the sympathetic N.S. is true except:

4. Pre-synaptic inhibition is mainly through:

5. An injury to the first 4 sacral segments of the spinal cord produces :

6. Which of the following may be produced by parasympathetic stimulation:

7. The nicotine-like action of acetylcholine is present in :

8. A drug which blocks the beta adrenergic receptors causes :

9. Which of the following is not an unconscious kinesthetic sensation:

10. Regarding Somatosensory cortical areas, which is true:

11. Inhibitory post synaptic potential (IPSP) is through:

12. Regarding excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP), which of the following is true:

13. The sympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers:

14. Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres :

15. Concerning the pelvic nerve, all the following is true except:

16. The alpha adrenergic receptors mediate all the following except :

17. Regarding spinal cord gate theory of pain, which is true:

18. The sympathetic tone is most important for :

19. The sympathetic system cannot be responsible for:

20. Stimulation of the pelvic nerve (sacral autonomic) produces :

21. About acetylcholine, all the following is true except:

22. About receptor potential which of the following is true:

23. the gracile pathway:

24. Regarding cutaneous pain, which of the following is true:

25. about hyperalgesia which of the following is true:

26. Regarding brain opiate analgesic system, which is true:

27. The autonomic ganglia all are true except:

28. The alpha adrenergic receptors :

29. Regarding the ventral spinothalamic tract, which of the following is not true:

30. about the true visceral pain: