Modern World History: Modern Times Chapter 5 Review

Explanation
John Calvin is the correct answer because he was a Protestant reformer who played a significant role in the Reformation movement in Geneva, Switzerland. He is known for his theological teachings and his influence on the development of Calvinism, a branch of Protestantism. Calvin's ideas had a lasting impact on religious and social reforms in Geneva and beyond, making him a key figure in the Protestant Reformation.

Explanation
Lorenzo de' Medici, also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent, was the grandson of Cosimo de' Medici and played a significant role in the political and cultural life of Florence during the Renaissance. He took control of Florence and became the de facto ruler, using his wealth and influence to support artists, writers, and scholars. Lorenzo's patronage helped foster the flourishing of the arts and sciences in Florence, making him a key figure in the Italian Renaissance. This answer is correct as Lorenzo de' Medici indeed took control of Florence.

Explanation
Michelangelo was a renowned artist during the High Renaissance period. He was not only a painter but also a sculptor and architect. He is best known for his iconic works such as the Sistine Chapel ceiling and the sculpture of David. His contributions to art and architecture during this period were significant and influential. Jan van Eyck and Donatello were also notable artists during the Renaissance, but they were not known for their architectural works like Michelangelo. The Medici family, on the other hand, were patrons of the arts during the Renaissance and supported many artists, including Michelangelo.

Explanation
Desiderius Erasmus is considered the best known of all Christian humanists because of his significant contributions to the humanist movement during the Renaissance. He was a Dutch philosopher, theologian, and scholar who advocated for the reform of the Catholic Church. Erasmus emphasized the importance of education, critical thinking, and the study of classical texts in order to understand and interpret religious teachings. His most famous work, "The Praise of Folly," criticized the corruption and abuses within the Church. Erasmus had a profound influence on religious and intellectual thought, and his ideas laid the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation.

Explanation
Ulrich Zwingli is the correct answer because he was a prominent figure in the Protestant Reformation and a priest in Zurich, Switzerland. He played a significant role in challenging the authority of the Catholic Church and advocating for reform in religious practices. Zwingli's teachings and ideas had a profound impact on the development of Protestantism in Switzerland and beyond.

Explanation
The given answer, "philosophy," is the correct choice because it is the study of thought and ideas. The other options, such as inventor, painter, and sculptor, do not relate to the study of thought and ideas. Philosophy is a discipline that explores fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and more. It involves critical thinking, analysis, and reflection on various aspects of human life and the world.

Explanation
The correct answer is Canterbury because it is the site of the pilgrimage to the tomb of Thomas a Becket. Thomas a Becket was the Archbishop of Canterbury in the 12th century and was murdered in Canterbury Cathedral. After his death, his tomb became a popular pilgrimage site for Christians. The other options, Vatican and Rome, are not relevant to Thomas a Becket's tomb.

Explanation
Dante is the correct answer because he was an Italian author who wrote the Divine Comedy, a renowned epic poem that is considered one of the greatest works of world literature. Charles VII was a French king, Frances Cosforza is not a known Italian author, and Michel Angelo, also known as Michelangelo, was an Italian artist and sculptor, not an author.

Explanation
Cosimo de' Medici is the correct answer because he was a prominent figure in Renaissance Florence and played a significant role in controlling the city-state of Florence. He was a wealthy banker and political leader who used his influence and power to establish the Medici family as the ruling dynasty of Florence. Cosimo de' Medici's patronage of the arts and support for humanism also contributed to the cultural and intellectual flourishing of Florence during this period.

Explanation
Jan van Eyck is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as one of the most important figures in the development of oil painting. He perfected the technique of using oil paints, which allowed for greater detail, luminosity, and durability in paintings. Van Eyck's innovative use of oil paints revolutionized the art world and had a significant impact on the Renaissance period. His mastery of the medium and attention to detail set a new standard for realism in painting.

Explanation
The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty signed in 1555 that brought an end to religious warfare in Germany. It allowed each prince to choose whether their territory would be Catholic or Lutheran, granting religious freedom to the people living within those territories. This agreement was significant because it recognized the principle of cuius regio, eius religio, meaning that the religion of the ruler would determine the religion of the state. The Peace of Augsburg helped to establish a temporary peace in Germany and provided a framework for religious coexistence until the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War in 1618.

Explanation
Florence is the correct answer because it is a city in northern Italy that has historically played a significant role in Italian politics and culture. Florence was the birthplace of the Renaissance and was a major center for art, literature, and intellectual pursuits during that time. It was also a powerful city-state in medieval Italy and was known for its influential ruling families, such as the Medici. Overall, Florence's rich history and cultural contributions make it a crucial city in Italian politics and culture.

Explanation
This question is asking for the definition of the term "culture". Culture refers to the skills, art, and other aspects of a certain group of people during a specific time period. It encompasses the customs, beliefs, values, and behaviors that are shared and passed down within a society. It includes language, religion, music, art, literature, and other forms of expression. Culture is an important aspect of society as it shapes the way people think, behave, and interact with one another.