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Financial derivative markets are represented by futures and options markets. These markets involve the trading of contracts that derive their value from an underlying asset, such as stocks, commodities, or currencies. Futures contracts obligate the buyer to purchase the underlying asset at a predetermined price and date, while options contracts give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified time period. These derivative markets provide investors with opportunities to hedge risks, speculate on price movements, and diversify their investment portfolios.

The correct answer is "ansamblul operatiunilor privind metodele, mijloacele si institutiile cu caracter financiar antrenate de procurarea, alocarea si utilizarea resurselor banesti, la diferite nivele de organizare, inclusiv influentarea activitatii economico-sociale in sensul dorit." This answer describes the comprehensive set of operations involving financial methods, means, and institutions used for the procurement, allocation, and utilization of monetary resources at various levels of organization, including influencing economic and social activities in the desired direction.

The correct answer is "este persoana fizică sau juridică în sarcina căreia este stabilită prin lege obligația de plată a impozitului." This answer explains that the subject of the tax is the individual or legal entity who is legally obligated to pay the tax. It clarifies that the subject of the tax is not the source of the tax or any specific value or activity that may be subject to taxation.

The correct answer states that "obiectul impozitului" is also known as "materie impozabilă" (taxable matter). This means that the object or subject of taxation is referred to as the taxable matter. In certain situations, it can be confused with the subject of taxation. In the case of profit tax, the taxable matter is the net profit. It is sometimes the monetary evaluation of goods sold.

The correct answer is "de transfer." Cheltuielile publice bugetare cu plata ajutorului de șomaj se încadrează în categoria cheltuielilor de transfer. This means that these expenses are related to the transfer of funds from the government to individuals who are unemployed and receiving assistance. Cheltuielile de transfer refer to government spending that is aimed at redistributing income or providing support to specific groups or individuals. In this case, the government is transferring funds to those who are unemployed to help them financially.

The correct answer is "este cunoscut și sub denumirea de materie impozabilă" because it states that the object of the tax, as a technical element of the tax, can sometimes be confused with the subject of the tax. It also mentions that in the case of the profit tax, the net profit represents the object of the tax. Additionally, it states that the object of the tax is sometimes the monetary evaluation of sold goods.

The correct answer states that the "ciclul de exploatare" refers to the production activities in which raw materials and materials are processed, resulting in finished products that are delivered to internal and external beneficiaries. This explanation aligns with the information provided in the question, which mentions the phases of procurement, production, and delivery of goods and services.

The correct answer is "datoriile pe termen scurt din activitatea de exploatare." This means that the external sources of financing for the enterprise include short-term liabilities from operating activities. These could include loans or credit from suppliers that the company uses to fund its day-to-day operations.

The given statement suggests that the expenses incurred in transmitting sums to individuals who are not directly involved in the current activities of public entities fall under the category of transfer expenses. This means that the funds are being transferred to individuals or groups outside of the public entities for various reasons, such as grants, subsidies, or payments to contractors. These expenses do not directly contribute to the functioning or productivity of the public entities themselves.

Private finances of an enterprise can be defined as a complex of decisions and operations related to the procurement of necessary capital, its utilization, the attainment of financial results, and the allocation and utilization of these resources. They exercise control over the use of financial resources in autonomous regies. They reflect the economic relationships through which monetary resources necessary for working capital are mobilized, allocated, and utilized. They differ from other components of the financial system based on the requirements they fulfill.

The correct answer states that the veiled, hidden character of indirect taxes refers to the fact that they manifest in the context of consumer spending that targets goods and services with a different taxation regime from the price. This means that indirect taxes are not explicitly stated or visible in the price of goods and services, but rather hidden within the overall cost of consumption.

The correct answer is that in the broad sense, the financial market includes the money market, foreign exchange market, and the actual financial markets themselves. This means that all three options mentioned in the answer are true. The money market refers to the market for short-term borrowing and lending, the foreign exchange market deals with the trading of currencies, and the financial markets encompass various types of securities and financial instruments. Therefore, these options correctly describe the different components of the financial market.

The correct answer is "character veiled". The term "character veiled" refers to the fact that both the issuance of currency and indirect taxation are not easily visible or transparent to the public. In both cases, the impact on individuals and businesses may not be immediately apparent, as they may not directly perceive the effects of these actions. This similarity highlights the hidden nature of both the issuance of currency and indirect taxation.

The correct answer is "autofinantarea partiala neta in sens restrans." This is because the statement describes the ability of a private enterprise to partially cover its development needs using its profits. "Autofinantarea partiala neta" refers to partial self-financing, which means that the enterprise is able to cover only part of its needs. "In sens restrans" indicates that this definition is specific and narrow, focusing on the partial aspect of self-financing.

The necessary working capital is determined by adding up the stocks, receivables, and regularization assets, from which current liabilities and regularization liabilities are subtracted, adding short-term liabilities to the working capital, and subtracting short-term liabilities from the working capital.

Speculatia "a la hausse" pe piata financiara se refera la cumpararea titlurilor de valoare de pe piata la vedere si vanzarea acestora la un pret mai mare. Aceasta strategie este utilizata de catre traderi care anticipeaza o crestere a pretului titlurilor de valoare si doresc sa profite de aceasta crestere. Prin vanzarea titlurilor la un pret mai mare, ei obtin un profit.

The increase in average life expectancy can have a significant impact on public spending. As people live longer, they require more healthcare services and pensions, which can put a strain on public finances. Governments need to allocate more funds to support the aging population, including healthcare costs and social security benefits. This can lead to an increase in public spending and potentially require adjustments in budget priorities to accommodate these additional expenses.

The correct answer is "impozite directe personale" because these taxes are based on the personal circumstances and financial ability of the individuals. They take into account factors such as income, property ownership, and family situation to determine the amount of tax owed. This type of taxation is considered to be more progressive as it takes into account the ability to pay, ensuring that those with higher incomes or more assets contribute a larger share of their income or wealth.

Accizele se incadreaza in categoria taxelor specifice de consumatie. Acestea sunt impozite indirecte care se aplica asupra bunurilor cu consum mare, cum ar fi alcoolul, tutunul, carburantii sau produsele de lux. Accizele au rolul de a creste pretul acestor bunuri si de a descuraja consumul excesiv sau nesanatos. Astfel, ele reprezinta o sursa importanta de venit pentru stat, dar si o modalitate de a controla anumite comportamente consumatorilor.

The correct answer is "universalități bugetului". Inscrierea în buget în sume integrale a tuturor veniturilor și cheltuielilor publice reprezintă o cerință a respectării principiului universalități bugetului, care presupune includerea tuturor veniturilor și cheltuielilor în bugetul public, fără a face excepții sau omiteri. Acest principiu asigură transparența și controlul asupra utilizării fondurilor publice și permite o evaluare corectă a situației financiare a statului.

Based on the given question, it can be inferred that the cheltuielile publice (public expenses) are structured into three categories: definitive (definitive), temporare (temporary), and virtuale (virtual). Therefore, the correct answer is "definitive, temporare și virtuale."

The correct answer is "modificarea prevederilor initiale ale legii bugetului in vederea concordantei cu situatia reala". This means that rectifying the budget during its execution involves making changes to the initial provisions of the budget in order to align it with the actual situation.

The correct answer is "asigurarea unui venit minim impozabil pentru fiecare contribuabil" which means "ensuring a minimum taxable income for each taxpayer". This is necessary for achieving tax equity as it ensures that every taxpayer, regardless of their income level, contributes a certain minimum amount towards taxes. This helps to distribute the tax burden more fairly and ensures that everyone is contributing to the funding of public services and government expenses.

The correct answer states that the principle of taxation requires that the method of applying and collecting taxes does not allow for the avoidance or evasion of paying taxes. This means that the tax system should be designed in a way that prevents individuals or entities from escaping their tax obligations or finding loopholes to avoid paying taxes. The principle aims to ensure that everyone contributes their fair share to the tax system and that there is no unfair advantage or inequality in the taxation process.

The correct answer is "așezări". This is because the sentence mentions the identification and evaluation of taxable matter, as well as the determination of the amount of tax to be collected. These activities are specifically related to the process of "așezări" or settlements, which involves the calculation and collection of taxes.

The correct answer states that "prin conținut, reprezintă o componentă a politici financiare în accepțiune extinsă" which means that it represents a component of financial policy in an extended sense. This suggests that the financial-monetary policy of public authorities is a part of the broader concept of financial policy, indicating that it encompasses more than just budget policy. Therefore, the correct answer explains that the financial-monetary policy is a subset of financial policy in a broader sense.

The correct answer is that controlul politic se exercită de către Parlament. This means that political control is exercised by the Parliament. The statement implies that the Parliament has the authority to analyze the justifications and legality of recorded operations in the accounting records. This control is important in ensuring that the government's financial activities align with the overall objectives of the state's policies.

The correct answer is "ofera investitorilor garantie morala si securitate financiara." This statement explains that the stock exchange provides investors with moral guarantee and financial security. This implies that the stock exchange ensures that investors' investments are protected and that they can trust the integrity of the market.

The correct answer is "autofinantarea neta,integrala, in sens restrans". This answer refers to the net self-financing of the enterprise, which covers all its development requirements. It specifies that the self-financing is both net (after deducting expenses) and integral (covering all requirements) but in a restricted sense, meaning it may not cover all possible development needs.

The correct answer is "politici de stabilizare". In this type of dividend policy, the amount of dividends to be paid to shareholders is not dependent on the size of the profit. Instead, the company aims to stabilize dividend payments over time, regardless of fluctuations in profitability. This policy is often adopted by companies that prioritize providing a consistent income stream to their shareholders, even during periods of lower profitability.

The statement states that the use of autonomous budgets represents a deviation from the principle of budget unity. This means that autonomous budgets are separate from the main budget and are not integrated into it, which goes against the principle of budget unity where all budgets should be consolidated into one.

The depreciation of the national currency can have a significant impact on public spending dynamics. When a currency depreciates, the value of the currency decreases in relation to other currencies. This can lead to higher prices for imported goods and services, which can in turn increase the cost of government expenditures. Additionally, a depreciated currency can also affect the government's ability to borrow money or attract foreign investments, which can further limit its spending capacity. Therefore, the depreciation of the national currency is an important economic factor that influences public spending dynamics.

The correct answer states that the policy of prudential stabilization assumes the provision of a constant dividend or an annual growth rate of the dividend, regardless of the size of the profit obtained. This means that the company aims to maintain a consistent or increasing dividend payout to its shareholders, regardless of fluctuations in profitability. This policy ensures that shareholders receive a predictable return on their investment and helps to build investor confidence in the company.

The correct answer suggests that "neafectarea veniturilor bugetare" means financing expenses from the total revenues. This implies that the government does not allocate specific revenues for specific expenses, but rather uses the overall revenues to cover all expenses.

The correct answer is "folosirea de bugete autonome reprezintă o abatere de la principiul unității bugetului". This statement is true because the use of autonomous budgets goes against the principle of budget unity, which states that all revenues and expenditures should be included in a single budget. Autonomous budgets create separate budgets for specific activities or entities, which can lead to fragmentation and lack of transparency in the budgeting process.

The evaluation of the efficiency of public spending on education takes into consideration the additional income obtained by individuals as a result of additional training. This means that when assessing the effects of public spending on education, one of the factors considered is whether individuals are able to increase their income through further training. This suggests that the evaluation is not solely focused on the direct costs and benefits of education, but also takes into account the potential economic returns for individuals.

The given question asks for a personal preference among the options given. The correct answer is Option 1, indicating that the person likes Option 1 the most out of all the choices provided.

The statement states that it is necessary to monitor the direct connections between education expenses and economic-social development, as reflected in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This implies that tracking the impact of education spending on economic growth and social development is important for ensuring the efficiency of public spending in education. By understanding the direct connections between education investments and economic outcomes, policymakers can make informed decisions to maximize the effectiveness of education spending.

The correct answer is "impunerea în sume fixe pe persoană". This is because imposing fixed amounts per person does not take into account the individual's income or ability to pay taxes, which goes against the principles of tax equity. Progressive proportional rates, progressive simple rates, and proportional rates are all based on the principle of taxing individuals based on their income or wealth, which is considered more equitable. Regressive rates, on the other hand, impose higher tax rates on lower-income individuals, which is also considered unfair.

The correct answer is "organizarea și efectuarea tuturor operațiunilor de încasări și plăți care privesc bugetul de stat". This option states that the cashier is responsible for organizing and carrying out all the operations related to the collection and payment of funds concerning the state budget. This includes managing the cash flow and ensuring that all financial transactions are properly recorded and accounted for. The cashier plays a crucial role in maintaining the financial stability and integrity of the public treasury.

The correct answer is "întocmirea de bugete plurianuale". This violates the principle of annuality of the budget because it involves preparing budgets for multiple years instead of just one year. The principle of annuality states that the budget should be prepared and executed on an annual basis to ensure accountability and transparency in financial planning and spending. By preparing budgets for multiple years, it becomes difficult to accurately predict and allocate resources, and it may also lead to inflexibility in adjusting the budget to changing circumstances.

In the case of direct taxes, the recipient of the tax is the same as the subject. This means that the person or entity who is responsible for paying the tax is the same as the one who receives the benefits or services funded by the tax. This is in contrast to indirect taxes, where the burden of the tax may be passed on to someone else. In direct taxes, the individual or entity who is subject to the tax is also the one who bears the financial burden of the tax.

Temporary public expenses are expenses that can be finalized with a certain due date for payment.

The correct answer is "anexele de la proiectul de lege bugetară." This is because the question asks for the content of the documentation submitted to Parliament by the Government for the discussion and approval of the budget. The answer states that the documentation includes the annexes from the budget bill, which are additional documents providing detailed information and supporting data related to the budget proposal.

The correct answer is "pot fi directe și indirecte". This is because the statement "Cheltuielile publice pentru apărarea națională se particularizează prin ponderea foarte ridicată a cheltuielilor de capital" indicates that defense expenditures have a high proportion of capital spending, which implies that they can be direct. Additionally, the statement "pot fi directe și indirecte" means that defense expenditures can be both direct and indirect, which aligns with the information provided in the question.

The given answer "financiare" is the correct answer because the question is asking for the criteria or criteria related to the public use of financial resources according to economic, functional, financial, and administrative classifications. "Financiare" directly relates to the use and management of financial resources, which aligns with the question's context.

Temporary financing is primarily obtained through bank loans granted for operational activities. This means that the necessary financial resources for the company are mainly secured through credit facilities provided by banks specifically for the purpose of funding day-to-day operations. This form of financing allows the company to meet its immediate financial needs while awaiting more stable and long-term sources of funding.

The correct answer is "impozitelor indirecte". The question asks about the category in which the value-added tax (VAT) falls into. VAT is a type of tax that is imposed on the value added at each stage of the production and distribution process. It is an indirect tax because it is ultimately passed on to the consumer through the price of goods and services. Therefore, it falls under the category of "impozitelor indirecte".

The correct answer is "în sfera lor pot fi respectate principiile de echitate fiscală" which translates to "the principles of tax fairness can be respected in their sphere". This means that direct taxes have the potential to be fair and equitable in their application, ensuring that individuals or entities with higher incomes or greater wealth contribute a larger share of taxes. Unlike indirect taxes, direct taxes can be designed to take into account the ability to pay and redistribute wealth in a more equitable manner.

The correct answer is "piata interdealeri". This is because the phrase "regruparea ordinelor de cumparare si vanzare" suggests that the market is being organized or facilitated by intermediaries who act as intermediaries between buyers and sellers. These intermediaries are often referred to as interdealers, hence the term "piata interdealeri".