National Public Health Championship, Indonesian Public Health Student Summit (Iphss) 2019

Manusia sebagai makhluk hidup individu dan makhluk sosial selalu berinteraksi dengan sesamanya tidak dapat terlepas dari 4 nilai yang ada dalam kehidupannya, yaitu nilai kesosialan, kebudayaan, moral, dan keagamaan. Ini berarti bahwa manusia tidak hanya berhubungan dengan orang lain dalam masyarakat (nilai kesosialan), tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh budaya yang ada di sekitarnya (nilai kebudayaan), memiliki prinsip moral dalam bertindak (nilai moral), dan memiliki keyakinan dan praktik keagamaan (nilai keagamaan).

The correct answer is "Masyarakat mampu melakukan gerakan 1 rumah 1 jumantik". This answer is correct because it aligns with the concept of "enable" in health promotion. The "1 rumah 1 jumantik" movement encourages communities to take responsibility for their own health by actively participating in mosquito control activities, such as eliminating breeding sites in and around their homes. By enabling the community to engage in this movement, it promotes a sense of ownership and empowerment in maintaining a healthy environment.

The correct answer is "Fisik dan biologis". This answer suggests that the differences between men and women can be attributed to their physical and biological characteristics. It implies that there are certain rules and regulations that apply specifically to women based on their innate nature and physical attributes.

The correct answer is "Center of Disease Control (CDC)" because the CDC is an organization that focuses on studying and controlling diseases and health issues in populations. Epidemiology, as defined in the question, involves studying the distribution and determinants of diseases and health conditions in populations, and the CDC plays a crucial role in this field by conducting research, collecting data, and implementing strategies to prevent and control diseases.

The given options are examples of environmental health issues in the workplace, except for the lack of health insurance provided by the company to its employees. This option does not directly relate to environmental health, but rather to employee benefits.

The correct answer is "Random sampling tetapi secara teknis tidak random." The explanation for this answer is that the conclusion drawn from the survey is incorrect because the sample of 200 visitors at a mall in Depok is not randomly selected from the population of Depok city. Random sampling involves selecting individuals from a population in a way that each individual has an equal chance of being chosen. In this case, the sample was taken from mall visitors, which may not be representative of the entire population of Depok. Therefore, the conclusion about the percentage of people with good knowledge about HIV/AIDS in Depok cannot be accurately inferred from this sample.

The researcher is in the stage of data collection and data processing. They are collecting data on height and weight of students and using that data to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) of the respondents. This process involves both collecting the data (height and weight measurements) and processing the data (calculating the BMI). Therefore, the researcher is in the stage of data collection and data processing.

The correct answer is Gerakan Masyarakat Sehat (GERMAS) because it is mentioned in the passage as one of the main pillars of the Program Indonesia Sehat. The passage states that the program is implemented by upholding three main pillars, one of which is the application of a healthy paradigm. GERMAS, which translates to Healthy Community Movement, is a government policy aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles and behaviors among the community. Therefore, GERMAS is the correct answer as it aligns with the objective of the Program Indonesia Sehat.

The answer suggests that the father is violating the child's right to receive necessary immunizations for a higher level of health and protection against life-threatening diseases. This viewpoint is related to public health because ensuring access to immunizations is a crucial aspect of public health initiatives in preventing the spread of infectious diseases and promoting overall population health.

Simple Random sampling is the technique where samples are taken randomly without considering any strata or levels within the population. This means that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It is the most basic and straightforward technique in probability sampling.

The correct answer is "Hijau" because green is commonly associated with organic waste or biodegradable waste. This type of waste includes items like food scraps, garden waste, and paper products. By using green containers for this type of waste, it helps to distinguish it from other types of waste and promotes proper waste management and recycling practices.

Wawancara adalah metode promosi kesehatan yang paling efektif untuk sasaran individu karena melibatkan interaksi langsung antara pemberi informasi (interviewer) dan penerima informasi (interviewee). Dalam wawancara, penerima informasi dapat mengajukan pertanyaan, mengungkapkan kekhawatiran, dan berbagi pengalaman secara pribadi. Hal ini memungkinkan pemberi informasi untuk memberikan informasi yang relevan dan spesifik sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi individu yang diwawancarai. Dengan demikian, wawancara dapat memberikan pendekatan yang lebih personal dan dapat disesuaikan untuk mempromosikan kesehatan individu.

Self purification refers to the ability of rivers or bodies of water to naturally cleanse or purify contaminated water. This process involves the breakdown and removal of pollutants through various biological, physical, and chemical processes. It is a natural mechanism that helps restore the quality of water by reducing or eliminating harmful substances.

The given options are factors that influence health status according to H.L Blum's theory. They include environment, genetics, lifestyle, and healthcare services. However, social culture is not mentioned as one of the factors that affect health status according to the theory.

The correct answer is "Data primer dan data sekunder". This is because data can be classified into two categories based on how it is obtained. Data primer refers to the original data that is collected firsthand by the researcher for a specific purpose, while data sekunder refers to existing data that is collected by someone else for a different purpose but can be used by the researcher for their own study.

Marasmus is a condition that occurs due to a deficiency of protein and energy in the diet. It is characterized by severe wasting of muscle and fat tissue, leading to extreme thinness and weakness. The lack of protein and energy in the body affects its ability to function properly and can result in stunted growth, weakened immune system, and other complications. Therefore, Marasmus is the correct answer as it accurately describes the condition caused by a deficiency of protein and energy.

The correct answer is Culex. Culex mosquitoes are known to be the vector for filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. They transmit the parasite when they bite infected humans and then spread the infection to other individuals when they bite them. Aedes aegypti is the vector for dengue fever, Anopheles is the vector for malaria, Mansonia is the vector for some types of filariasis, and Aedes sundaicus is not a known vector for any of these diseases.

John Snow melakukan penelitian tentang wabah kolera. Penelitiannya melibatkan analisis data dan investigasi lapangan yang sistematis dan statistik untuk mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab dan penyebaran penyakit kolera. Penelitiannya dianggap sebagai tonggak awal dalam pengembangan epidemiologi lapangan dan memberikan kontribusi besar dalam pemahaman kita tentang penyakit menular.

The division of data according to the time of collection refers to cross-sectional data and time series data. Cross-sectional data refers to data collected at a specific point in time, providing information about a particular group or population at that moment. Time series data, on the other hand, refers to data collected over a period of time, allowing for the analysis of trends and patterns over that time period.

The correct answer is "Kohort retrospektif" because the study aims to measure the prevalence of infant mortality in a specific city by examining a group of mothers who experienced stillbirths between 2012 and 2015. A retrospective cohort study involves analyzing existing data and looking back at past events or exposures to determine their impact on outcomes. In this case, the researchers will analyze data from previous years to assess the prevalence of infant mortality in the city.

The given correct answer is "Sampah" because it refers to the solid waste generated from human activities and/or natural processes that consists of organic and inorganic substances that are considered useless and need to be managed to prevent environmental hazards and protect development investments.

The correct answer is "Penguatan upaya promotif dan preventif, pemberdayaan masyarakat". This is because the first pillar of the Program Indonesia sehat is the implementation of a healthy paradigm, which includes strengthening promotive and preventive efforts and empowering the community. This involves promoting healthy behaviors and preventing diseases through education, awareness campaigns, and community involvement. Empowering the community also means involving them in decision-making processes and giving them the resources and support to take control of their own health.

The correct answer is Sanitary landfill. This method of waste management involves burying and compacting waste, then covering it with soil as a protective layer. This helps to minimize the environmental impact and prevent the spread of diseases and contamination. It is a more controlled and regulated method compared to open dumping, controlled landfill, and open closed dumping. The term "higienitas landfill" is not a recognized method of waste management.

The correct answer is Puskesmas. The passage mentions that the priority for mental health is to develop a community-based mental health program. Puskesmas, or community health centers, are known for providing primary healthcare services, including mental health services, to the community. Therefore, Puskesmas is the institution that serves as the forefront of the program.

The most difficult health determinant issue to handle in Indonesia is behavioral problems. This is because changing behaviors and habits can be a complex and challenging process. It requires a combination of education, awareness campaigns, and support systems to effectively address behavioral issues related to health. Additionally, cultural factors and societal norms can also influence behavior, making it even more difficult to tackle.

The given statement suggests that the inaccuracy of the results in the research is caused by weaknesses in the questionnaire construction, the enumerator's inability to guide the questionnaire filling, and the tendency of the questionnaire statements to lead respondents to certain answers. Based on this, the error that occurred in the research is related to the measurement process, indicating that the measurement was not accurately capturing the intended data.

The correct answer is organizing. In the process of organizing, the activity of determining the organizational structure and its functions is included. This involves establishing the hierarchy of authority, dividing tasks and responsibilities, and creating a framework for coordination and communication within the organization. Organizing helps to establish clarity and order within the organization, ensuring that everyone knows their roles and responsibilities, and facilitates the efficient utilization of resources.

If someone stays in a cold environment for too long, they can experience both frostbite and trench foot. Frostbite occurs when the skin and underlying tissues freeze due to prolonged exposure to extreme cold, leading to damage and potential loss of affected body parts. Trench foot, on the other hand, is a condition caused by prolonged exposure to wet and cold conditions, which can result in damage to the feet due to restricted blood flow. Therefore, the correct answer is B dan C benar (B and C are correct).

The maximum allowable level of carbon monoxide in a room is 25 ppm. This means that if the concentration of carbon monoxide in the room exceeds 25 parts per million, it is considered unsafe and can pose a health risk to individuals. It is important to monitor and maintain the air quality in enclosed spaces to ensure the safety and well-being of occupants.

The given statement suggests that the stronger the relationship between exposure and disease, the more likely it is to be causal. This means that if there is a strong association between the two variables, it is more likely that the exposure is causing the disease. Therefore, the correct answer is "Kekuatan hubungan" (Strength of the relationship).

Kesadahan is not a physical parameter for measuring water. The other options - Bau, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Suhu, and Kekeruhan - are all physical parameters that can be used to measure water quality. Kesadahan refers to the hardness of water, which is a measure of the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the water.

In the Integrated Risk Based Approach (IRBA), the parameter of environmental quality categorizes lindi into various criteria, including the Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). TDS refers to the measurement of the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances that are dissolved in a liquid, in this case, lindi. It is an important parameter to consider as it indicates the level of pollutants and contaminants present in the lindi, which can have significant implications for the overall environmental quality and potential risks associated with it.

The biggest challenge faced by the JKN program is the deficit in its budget every year. This means that the program does not have enough funds to cover all the healthcare services and benefits for the population. This can result in limited access to healthcare for the people, especially those from low-income groups. The deficit in the budget needs to be addressed in order to ensure that the program can provide comprehensive healthcare coverage for all Indonesians.

The correct answer is "Menjamin kehidupan yang sehat dan mendorong kesejahteraan bagi semua orang disegala usia". This answer aligns with the goal of sustainable development related to the health sector, which aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all individuals at all ages. It encompasses the broader objective of improving overall health and well-being, rather than focusing on specific aspects such as maternal and child health, disease control, or healthcare system responsiveness.

The correct answer is "Peneliti memberikan informasi yang jelas yaitu memaparkan risiko dan manfaat penelitian kepada subyek penelitian." This is because one of the principles of research ethics according to the WHO Ethics Guidelines is the disclosure of risks and benefits of the research to the research subjects. It is important for researchers to provide clear information about the potential risks and benefits involved in the study to ensure informed consent and protect the well-being of the subjects.

Formative evaluation is the evaluation that is conducted at the initial stage of a program. It is focused on providing feedback and information to improve the program and make necessary adjustments. This type of evaluation helps in identifying strengths and weaknesses, setting goals, and making improvements to the program. It is different from summative evaluation, which is conducted at the end of the program to assess its overall effectiveness. Promotive evaluation, preventive evaluation, and curative evaluation are not relevant to the initial stage of the program.

The percentage of carbohydrate adequacy for the individual can be calculated by dividing the individual's intake of carbohydrates by the standard requirement and then multiplying by 100. In this case, the individual's intake is 211.1 grams and the standard requirement is 309 grams. So, the calculation would be (211.1/309) * 100 = 68%. Therefore, the correct answer is 68%.

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. In this case, the woman's height is 161 cm, which is 1.61 meters, and her weight is 75 kg. Therefore, her BMI can be calculated as 75 / (1.61^2) = 28.9.

The main pillar of the Healthy Indonesia Program is the strengthening of primary health care services. This means that the program focuses on improving and enhancing the quality of primary health care services, which are the first point of contact for individuals seeking healthcare. By strengthening these services, the program aims to provide better access to healthcare for the population, optimize the referral system, and ultimately improve the overall quality of healthcare in Indonesia.

The answer "Meningkatnya sanitasi lingkungan" is not included in the targets of the Indonesian Healthy Program. The other options, such as improving the health and nutrition status of mothers and children, increasing the responsiveness of the health system, enhancing disease control, and meeting the needs of healthcare professionals, medicines, and vaccines, are all mentioned as targets of the program.

The correct answer is "Populasi". According to Saputra (2016), the object of research refers to something that will be studied by the researcher. The object of research can include humans, living organisms (plants and animals), inanimate objects (air, houses, markets), and abstract concepts (activities, time). In this context, the term "populasi" refers to a collection of similar elements of the research object that will be studied for their characteristics.

The correct answer is "Hipotesis". According to Repisti (2015), one possible mistake that researchers can make is not following the proper procedures or requirements for drawing conclusions based on a specific testing method. The hypothesis is a crucial part of the scientific method, as it is a statement that is tested and either supported or rejected based on the evidence gathered during the research. Therefore, not properly formulating or testing the hypothesis can lead to incorrect conclusions.

The correct sequence of adoption stages in the innovation adoption theory is as follows: Awareness, Interest, Evaluation, Trial, and Adoption. This sequence suggests that individuals first become aware of the innovation, then develop an interest in it, evaluate its potential benefits, try it out, and finally decide to adopt it. Therefore, the correct answer is 5,2,4,1,3.

Entamuba histolytica is the microbe that can cause dysentery, a water-borne disease.

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The given answer, "assurance", is correct because it refers to the essential public health service of ensuring a competent healthcare workforce and competent public health services. Assurance involves making sure that the necessary resources and systems are in place to provide quality healthcare and public health services to the community. This includes monitoring and evaluating the performance of healthcare providers and implementing quality improvement measures.

The given options consist of important elements in communication, such as the communicator, communication tools, the impact, and the message. However, "time" is not considered an essential element in communication. While time management may be crucial in certain contexts, it is not an inherent component of communication itself. Therefore, the answer "time" is the correct choice as the option that is not an important element in communication.

Studi kasus kontrol adalah metode penelitian yang cocok untuk membandingkan dua kelompok dengan kondisi yang berbeda. Dalam kasus ini, kita ingin membandingkan masyarakat yang mengalami diare dengan masyarakat yang tidak mengalami diare. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus kontrol, kita dapat memilih kelompok kontrol yang tidak mengalami diare dan membandingkan kondisi lingkungan serta faktor lainnya antara kedua kelompok tersebut. Ini akan membantu kita memahami hubungan antara kondisi lingkungan dan peningkatan pasien di puskesmas yang mengalami diare di Desa X pada tahun 2018.

The statement "Perubahan intensitas paparan yang selalu diikuti oleh perubahan frekuensi penyakit meningkatkan kesimpulan hubungan kausal" suggests that there is a dose-response relationship between exposure intensity and disease frequency. This means that as the intensity of exposure increases, the frequency of the disease also increases, indicating a causal relationship. The other options, such as temporal relationship, consistency, specificity, and analogy, do not directly address the concept of dose-response.

The main reason for the creation of public health policies is to address and solve health issues that occur in society. These policies are designed to identify and tackle the problems that affect the health of the public. By implementing effective policies, governments and organizations can take necessary actions to prevent and control diseases, promote healthy behaviors, and improve overall public health outcomes. This helps in ensuring the well-being of the community and reducing the burden of health problems on individuals and society as a whole.