Jigitsha - Set 11

A degassifier is used to remove the carbon dioxide created after cation exchange when the water contains a significant concentration of bicarbonate. This is because bicarbonate can react with cations during the exchange process, resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide. The degassifier helps to remove this carbon dioxide from the water, ensuring that it is free from impurities and suitable for further use.

CAPA refers to Corrective Action and Preventive Action. This term is commonly used in quality management systems to address and resolve issues that arise in a process or system. Corrective action focuses on identifying and fixing the root cause of a problem, while preventive action aims to prevent the problem from recurring in the future. By implementing CAPA, organizations can improve their processes, enhance product quality, and prevent potential issues from happening again.

PRT stands for Permanganate reaction Time. Permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent commonly used in chemical reactions. PRT refers to the amount of time it takes for a permanganate reaction to occur. This could be the time it takes for permanganate to react with another substance or the time it takes for a reaction involving permanganate to reach completion.

Activated carbons used in water treatment typically have iodine numbers ranging from 600 to 1100. The iodine number is a measure of the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon, specifically its ability to adsorb iodine. A higher iodine number indicates a higher adsorption capacity, which is desirable for water treatment applications. Therefore, the range of 600 to 1100 is the most appropriate for activated carbons used in water treatment.

When ENA (Ethyl Alcohol) is added to water, the temperature of the vessel increases. This indicates that energy is being released in the form of heat during the process. This is characteristic of an exothermic reaction, where the reaction releases energy to the surroundings.

In the given scenario where an electrical panel has caught fire due to a short circuit, using water-based fire extinguishers or foam-based fire extinguishers would not be recommended. Water conducts electricity and can potentially worsen the situation or cause electrocution. Foam-based extinguishers are also not suitable for electrical fires as they may not effectively extinguish the fire and can cause further damage. Wet chemical-based fire extinguishers are primarily used for kitchen fires involving oil and grease. Therefore, the most appropriate option in this case would be CO2 or dry powder-based fire extinguishers, as they are specifically designed to extinguish electrical fires by removing the oxygen or smothering the flames.

The pH of demineralized water used for blending should be in the range of 5.9 - 6.4 according to the ABD Manual. This range ensures that the water is slightly acidic, which is important for maintaining the stability and effectiveness of the blended solution. If the pH is too high or too low, it can affect the chemical reactions and properties of the blend, potentially leading to undesirable outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to adhere to the specified pH range to ensure the quality and consistency of the blended product.

BOPP stands for Biaxially Oriented Poly Propylene. This means that the polypropylene film has been stretched in both the machine direction and the transverse direction, resulting in improved strength, clarity, and flexibility. The other options, "Bi auxiliary Ornamented Poly Propylene" and "By accidentally Oriented Poly Propylene," do not make sense and are not the correct full form for BOPP. Therefore, the correct answer is a) Biaxially Oriented Poly Propylene.

ISO 22000:2005 refers to the Food Safety Management System. This standard provides guidelines and requirements for organizations in the food industry to ensure the safety of their products. It focuses on identifying and controlling potential food safety hazards, implementing effective communication and management systems, and continuously improving the overall food safety performance. ISO 22000:2005 is applicable to all organizations, regardless of their size or position in the food chain, and helps them demonstrate their commitment to producing safe and high-quality food products.

The maximum pressure difference allowed between the filter inlet and outlet in a sparkler filter during filtration is 1.5 Kg/cm2. This means that the pressure drop across the filter should not exceed 1.5 Kg/cm2. Exceeding this limit could result in damage to the filter or a decrease in filtration efficiency. It is important to monitor and control the pressure difference to ensure proper operation of the sparkler filter.

The Nernst equation describes the relationship between the electrode potential and the concentration of ions in a solution. In the case of a pH meter, the glass electrode generates a voltage (in mV) that is proportional to the pH of the solution being measured. However, this voltage can be affected by changes in temperature. The automatic temperature compensation (ATC) feature in the pH meter uses the Nernst equation to correct for this temperature dependency, ensuring accurate pH measurements regardless of temperature variations. Therefore, option b) Nernst equation is the correct answer.

ROPP stands for Roll On Pilfer Proof. This term is commonly used in the packaging industry to describe a type of closure or cap that is used to seal bottles or containers. The "roll on" refers to the method of applying the closure, where it is rolled onto the neck of the bottle, ensuring a secure and tamper-proof seal. The term "pilfer-proof" indicates that the closure is designed to prevent theft or tampering of the contents of the bottle. Therefore, option b) is the correct answer.

The correct answer is b) Nephelometric Turbidity Unit. Turbidity is the measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a liquid caused by suspended particles. NTU stands for Nephelometric Turbidity Unit, which is a unit of measurement used to quantify turbidity. Nephelometric refers to the method used to measure turbidity, which involves measuring the amount of light scattered by the particles in the liquid. Therefore, option b) is the correct full form of NTU.

The correct answer is d) Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. The FSSAI is a regulatory body in India responsible for overseeing and ensuring the safety and quality of food products. It sets standards for food products and regulates their manufacture, storage, distribution, sale, and import. The full form of FSSAI reflects its role as an authority that establishes and enforces food safety and standards in India.

The grain direction of labels should be parallel to the width of the label. This is because the grain direction refers to the direction in which the fibers of the material used for the label are aligned. Having the grain direction parallel to the width of the label ensures that the label is more flexible and less likely to tear or warp. It also allows for easier application and adherence to surfaces.

According to the ABD Specification for Grain based Neutral Spirit, the PRT (Potable Residue Test) should be greater than or equal to 48 minutes. This means that the spirit should have a minimum residue time of 48 minutes during the distillation process. This requirement ensures that the spirit is properly purified and free from impurities, resulting in a high-quality product.

To pass the Stretchability test in BOPP Tape, the tape should be able to stretch up to 30% before breaking. This means that the tape needs to have a certain level of flexibility and elasticity to withstand stretching without tearing or breaking. Stretchability is an important characteristic for BOPP Tape as it allows for easier application and ensures that the tape can securely hold objects together without snapping under tension.

RCA stands for Root Cause Analysis, which is a systematic approach used to identify the underlying causes of problems or issues. It involves investigating the fundamental reasons behind an occurrence rather than just addressing the symptoms or immediate causes. This method helps in understanding and resolving problems effectively by targeting the root cause, thus preventing the issue from recurring in the future.

The correct answer is d) All of the above. Rinsing of blending tanks with DM Water needs to be done at regular intervals to ensure cleanliness and prevent any contamination. It should be done every 15 days to maintain hygiene. Additionally, after every third batch, the blending tanks need to be rinsed to remove any residue or buildup from the previous batches. Finally, after every brand changeover, the tanks should be thoroughly rinsed to avoid cross-contamination and maintain the integrity of the new product. Thus, all the options mentioned are valid reasons for rinsing the blending tanks with DM Water.

Ion Exchange Resins are generally insoluble polymeric materials manufactured using suspension polymerization using Styrene and Divinylbenzene. These two chemicals are used as monomers in the polymerization process to create the polymeric structure of the resin. The resulting resin contains ion exchangeable functional groups, which allow it to selectively exchange ions with the surrounding solution. Benzene and Saccharin are not used in the manufacture of ion exchange resins, making options a) and c) incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is b) Styrene and Divinylbenzene.

In a DM plant, cation is recharged using acid, while anion is recharged using alkali. This is because cation exchange resins are regenerated using acid, which helps to remove the cations from the resin and restore its ion exchange capacity. On the other hand, anion exchange resins are regenerated using alkali, which helps to remove the anions from the resin and restore its ion exchange capacity. Therefore, option b) Acid, Alkali is the correct answer.

Formazin solution, used for calibration of turbidity meters, is a combination of hydrazine sulfate and hexamethylene tetramine. This solution is commonly used because it produces stable and consistent turbidity levels, making it suitable for calibration purposes. Other options mentioned in the question, such as hydrazium sulfate and hexane or hydrogen peroxide and hexamethylene tetramine, are not the correct combination of chemicals for formazin solution used in turbidity meter calibration.

The hardness of water is mainly due to the presence of calcium and magnesium salts. These salts dissolve in water and form ions, which can interfere with the lathering of soap and cause scale buildup in pipes and appliances. Sodium and potassium salts do not contribute significantly to water hardness. Therefore, option c) calcium and magnesium is the correct answer.

FSSAI License Numbers consist of 14 digits. This is the correct answer as it directly states the number of digits in the license number.

Dry Powder type fire extinguishers are suitable for extinguishing fires of A, B, C, D, and E types. This type of extinguisher contains a fine powder that can put out fires caused by flammable solids (A), flammable liquids (B), flammable gases (C), flammable metals (D), and electrical fires (E). Dry powder fire extinguishers work by smothering the fire and interrupting the chemical reaction that sustains it. They are versatile and effective in a wide range of fire situations, making them a suitable choice for extinguishing fires of multiple types.

To perform the PRT analysis, we need to follow certain steps. Firstly, we need to place 20ml of the material in the cylinder. Then, we need to bring the temperature of the material to 15°C by placing the cylinder in cold water. After that, we need to add 1ml of standard permanganate solution using a 1-ml pipette, noting down the exact time as soon as the addition is over. The contents should be mixed immediately and the cylinder should be kept at 15 to 16°C away from bright light. The material will be considered to have passed the test if the pink color does not disappear for up to 30 minutes. Therefore, the correct answer is b) 20, 15, 1, 30.

The correct answer is Type I because it is the specific type of caramel that is used for blending. The other types (II, III, and IV) may have different properties or uses that make them unsuitable for blending.

When silver nitrate solution is added to raw water, it reacts with chloride ions present in the water to form a white precipitate. This precipitate is identified as silver chloride.

The correct answer is b) Inorganic salts available in water. Conductivity in water is primarily due to the presence of inorganic salts, such as dissolved minerals and ions. These salts dissociate into charged particles (ions) in water, allowing the flow of electric current. Organic matters and microbes do not contribute significantly to the conductivity of water.

According to the Authority Matrix, the maximum allowed percentage of defects for Market bottles is 3.5%. This means that if the percentage of defects in Market bottles exceeds 3.5%, it would be considered unacceptable. This limit ensures that the quality of the Market bottles is maintained within acceptable standards.

PET stands for Poly ethylene terephthalate. It is a type of plastic that is commonly used for making bottles and containers for food and beverages. PET is known for its lightweight, durability, and ability to be recycled. It is a popular choice for packaging due to its transparency, which allows consumers to see the product inside. Additionally, PET is resistant to moisture and has good barrier properties, making it suitable for preserving the freshness of the contents.

The correct answer is b) Upwards to downwards. In sheet filters, the direction of flow of liquid is from the top of the sheet filter downwards, allowing the liquid to pass through the filter media and separate any impurities or particles. This downward flow helps to ensure that the liquid is effectively filtered and that any impurities are retained by the filter media.

The term 'whisky' is derived from the Scottish Gaelic word "uisge beatha," which translates to "water of life." This term refers to the alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash, typically aged in wooden casks. Whisky has been enjoyed for centuries and is often associated with celebration and relaxation. Therefore, the term "water of life" accurately describes the significance and cultural importance of whisky.

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If a blue color develops within 30 seconds after applying the solution to the surface, it indicates the presence of free iron and suggests that the passivation treatment is not complete. The blue color is a result of a reaction between the potassium ferrocyanide in the solution and the free iron on the surface. This indicates that the passivation process did not effectively remove all the free iron, which can lead to corrosion and reduced effectiveness of the treatment.

The correct answer is a) GS1 standards. GS1 is a global standards organization that develops and maintains standards for barcodes, among other things. Their standards ensure that barcodes are unique, accurate, and readable by scanners worldwide. Complying with GS1 standards allows for efficient and accurate product identification, inventory management, and supply chain operations.

If the pH of water in a cation exchange unit is more than 4, it means that the plant is exhausted and recharging is required immediately. If the pH is less than 5, it means that rinsing is not done properly and proper rinsing is required until the required pH of 3.5 is obtained.

The correct answer is c) Expanded Poly Ethylene. EPE stands for Expanded Poly Ethylene, which is a type of foam material that is commonly used as a liner or padding in packaging. It is known as a wad, which is a term used to describe a small piece of material that is used to seal or cushion a container. EPE liners are often used in bottle caps or closures to provide a tight seal and prevent leakage.

Reducing the flow rate of feed can lead to a higher throughput through a filter because it allows more time for the filtration process to occur. When the flow rate is reduced, the particles have a longer contact time with the filter medium, allowing for more effective filtration. This can result in a higher filtration efficiency and a higher volume of filtrate passing through the filter. Therefore, reducing the flow rate of feed can increase the throughput of the filtration process.

Passivation is a process that involves post-fabrication cleaning and corrosion resistance enhancement for stainless steel surfaces. It helps in removing metallic and inorganic contaminants from the surface and also aids in the formation of a thin transparent oxide layer. This oxide layer acts as a protective barrier, preventing selective oxidation (corrosion) of the stainless steel. Therefore, all of the given options are correct explanations of passivation.

The correct answer is a) 530ml of de ionized water, 400ml of 80% phosphoric acid, 50ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 20ml liquid detergent. This is because the given answer matches the composition of the Passivation chemical as per the ABD SOP. The other options do not have the same quantities of the required ingredients.

The correct answer is c) 890 is Country Code, 1544 is Manufacturer Code, 01804 is Product Code and 4 is Check digit. This is because in a barcode, the first three digits represent the country code, the next four digits represent the manufacturer code, the following five digits represent the product code, and the last digit is the check digit.

The correct answer is c) Military Standard 105E. This standard is used for sampling plans in various industries, including the military. It provides guidelines for determining the number of samples to be taken and the acceptance criteria for quality control purposes. By following this standard, ABD ensures that their dry goods sampling plan is in line with industry best practices and helps maintain consistent quality in their products.

The use of PVC/ Polypropylene pall rings inside the degasser column is to break up the water flowing down, which creates a greater surface area. This increased surface area allows for more efficient gas-liquid contact, facilitating the removal of dissolved gases from the water. By breaking up the water flow, the pall rings enhance the degassing process and improve the overall efficiency of the degasser column.

ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization. It is a non-governmental organization that develops and publishes international standards. These standards ensure that products, services, and systems are safe, reliable, and of good quality. ISO collaborates with national standardization bodies from different countries to create these standards. Therefore, option a) International Organization for Standardization is the correct answer.

Roll-on pilfer-proof closures (ROPP seals) shall be manufactured from aluminium sheet conforming to grades 40800 or 31000 of IS: 737 in annealed condition. This means that the closures should be made from aluminum sheets that meet the specifications of either grade 40800 or grade 31000 of IS: 737. Additionally, the aluminum sheets should be in an annealed condition, which refers to a heat treatment process that improves the metal's properties. This requirement ensures that the ROPP seals are made from suitable materials that meet the necessary standards for quality and performance.

Polypropylene pleated cartridge filters have an absolute micron rating. This means that they are designed to remove particles of a specific size from a fluid stream with a high level of efficiency. The micron rating indicates the size of particles that the filter can effectively capture. In the case of polypropylene pleated cartridge filters, they are capable of removing particles of a specific size, making them suitable for applications where precise filtration is required. Sheet filters and wound bobbin cartridge filters may not have an absolute micron rating, as they may not be designed to target specific particle sizes.

The correct answer is c) Both a) and b). This means that for a PVC pipe to be compliant to the standard requirements, it should show overall migration with 50% v/v ethyl alcohol at 40 ⁰C for 10 days with aldehyde content less than 60 mg/l (60 ppm), as well as overall migration with 100% v/v ethyl alcohol at 40 ⁰C for 10 days with aldehyde content less than 60 mg/l (60 ppm). Both conditions must be met for the PVC pipe to be considered compliant.

The correct answer is d) All of the above. Nominal filters do not have an absolute rating, meaning their efficiency can vary. They are also subject to media migration, where the filter media can move or dislodge during use. Additionally, nominal filters cannot be tested to confirm their integrity, making it difficult to assess their effectiveness. Therefore, all of the given statements are true for nominal filters.

A critical control point is a specific point, procedure, or step in food manufacturing where control can be exercised to reduce, eliminate, or prevent the possibility of a food safety hazard. It is a crucial step in ensuring food safety and involves monitoring and controlling factors that are essential to prevent or minimize the risk of hazards occurring. This can include temperature control, time control, hygiene practices, and equipment calibration. By identifying and implementing critical control points, food manufacturers can effectively manage and mitigate food safety risks.