MCQs 101 Pediatric Dentistry II Dr. Sok Kunthy 2019

Gingivitis is a common symptom of gum disease characterized by swelling, redness, and bleeding of the gums. It is typically not painful and is often caused by the buildup of plaque on the teeth. This plaque contains bacteria that irritate the gums, leading to inflammation and the aforementioned symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer is "Swelling, redness, bleeding, not painful & plaque induced."

Hyperdontia is the correct answer because it refers to a condition where there is an excessive number of teeth in the mouth, exceeding the normal count of 32 teeth. This condition can result in overcrowding, misalignment, and other dental issues. Hypodontia, on the other hand, is the opposite condition where there are fewer than the normal number of teeth. Marcrodontia and microdontia refer to conditions where the teeth are abnormally large or abnormally small, respectively.

In this case, the patient is an 8-year-old male who has a traumatic injury to tooth #11 with an exposed pulp less than 1mm. Pulp capping with Ca(OH)2 is the appropriate treatment in this situation. Pulp capping involves placing a medicament, in this case, Ca(OH)2, directly onto the exposed pulp to promote healing and protect the pulp from further damage. Pulpotomy involves removing a portion of the pulp tissue, which is not necessary in this case as the exposure is minimal. Root canal treatment and filling with composite are more invasive procedures and are not required in this scenario.

The symptoms of irreversible pulpitis include pain that is more severe when triggered by hot, cold, or sweet stimuli. This indicates that the pulp tissue inside the tooth is inflamed and damaged, leading to heightened sensitivity to temperature and certain foods. The other symptoms mentioned, such as sharp pain for a short duration, pain to percussion (tapping on the tooth), and pain when eating, may also be present in irreversible pulpitis, but the most prominent symptom is the increased severity of pain when exposed to hot, cold, or sweet substances.

Gingivitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the gums. The symptoms of gingivitis include swelling, redness, bleeding, and plaque-induced buildup on the teeth. Therefore, "All of above" is the correct answer as it encompasses all the mentioned symptoms of gingivitis.

All of the options listed (latex, nickel, cinnamon, and other spices) can cause an acute allergic reaction. Each substance has the potential to trigger an allergic response in individuals who are sensitive or allergic to them. It is important to note that allergic reactions can vary in severity and symptoms, ranging from mild to life-threatening. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals with known allergies to avoid exposure to these substances and seek immediate medical attention if they experience any symptoms of an allergic reaction.

The term "hyperdontia" refers to the condition of having extra teeth, which are also known as "supplement" or "accessory" teeth. Therefore, the other word that can be used to describe hyperdontia is "supplement or accessory teeth".

Apexogenesis refers to a dental procedure that allows for the continued development and maturation of the tooth's root. It is indicated in various situations, including fractured teeth with pulpal exposure, carious exposure, and traumatic luxation. In all of these cases, apexogenesis can help promote the formation of a healthy and fully developed root, allowing for the long-term preservation of the tooth.

The rate of caries progression is influenced by multiple factors, including the concentration of bacterial by-products, diet, permeability, and exposure to saliva. Bacterial by-products, such as acids, can contribute to the demineralization of tooth enamel and accelerate caries progression. Diet plays a role as certain foods, especially those high in sugar and carbohydrates, can provide fuel for bacteria and promote tooth decay. Permeability refers to the ability of tooth surfaces to absorb and retain bacteria and acids, which can affect the rate of caries development. Exposure to saliva is important as it helps to neutralize acids and remineralize teeth, thus impacting caries progression. Therefore, all of the mentioned factors can influence the rate of caries progression.

Amalgam is considered the strongest material among the options provided. It is a mixture of metals, typically containing silver, tin, copper, and mercury. The presence of these metals gives amalgam its high strength and durability, making it suitable for dental fillings in areas of the mouth that experience high biting forces. Amalgam fillings have been used for many years and have a long track record of success in dentistry.

Based on the given symptoms of swelling, redness, bleeding, and plaque buildup around the tooth, the most likely diagnosis is gingivitis. Gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the gums, which can be caused by poor oral hygiene leading to plaque accumulation. The absence of pain suggests that it is an early stage of gum disease rather than a dental abscess or periodontitis. Stomatitis, on the other hand, refers to inflammation of the entire mouth and is not specific to the gums.

The given symptoms, such as ulceration of interdental papillae, foul breath, rapid progression, fever, and lymphadenopathy, are indicative of an infection. The most likely treatment for this type of infection would involve a combination of antibiotics that cover both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Amoxycillin and metronidazole are commonly used together to provide broad-spectrum coverage against the bacteria causing the infection. Therefore, the most likely treatment for this patient would be (Amoxycillin + Metronidazole).

Cyclosporin is a drug that can cause gingival enlargement. This side effect is known as drug-induced gingival overgrowth, and it occurs due to an abnormal response of the gum tissues to the drug. Cyclosporin is an immunosuppressant medication commonly used in organ transplant recipients to prevent rejection. It is believed to cause gingival enlargement by stimulating the growth of fibroblasts and collagen in the gums. This can lead to an overgrowth of gum tissue, causing the gums to become swollen, red, and prone to bleeding. Regular dental care and good oral hygiene are important for individuals taking cyclosporin to minimize the risk of gingival enlargement.

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker commonly used to treat high blood pressure and angina. One of the side effects of nifedipine is gingival enlargement, which is the abnormal overgrowth of gum tissue. This side effect occurs due to the drug's ability to increase the production of connective tissue in the gums, leading to their enlargement. Therefore, nifedipine can cause gingival enlargement. Atropine, alpha chymotrypsin, and biotin do not have this side effect.

All of the factors mentioned in the options can contribute to gingivitis in children and adolescence. Erupting teeth can cause irritation and inflammation of the gums, poor oral hygiene can lead to the buildup of plaque and bacteria, restoration overhang can create areas where plaque can accumulate, and calculus (hardened plaque) can cause gum inflammation. Therefore, all of these factors can play a role in the development of gingivitis in this age group.

Microdontia is the correct answer because it refers to a condition in which a tooth is smaller than normal. This can occur due to genetic factors or developmental abnormalities. Hypodontia refers to the absence of one or more teeth, hyperdontia refers to the presence of extra teeth, and macrodontia refers to abnormally large teeth.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta is a genetic disorder that affects the development of tooth dentin, leading to various dental problems. It can cause teeth to have a discolored appearance, with shades of blue, grey, brown, or yellow. Additionally, the condition can make teeth translucent, giving them a glass-like appearance. Due to the abnormal development of dentin, the teeth become weak and prone to rapid wear, making them more susceptible to damage and decay. Therefore, all of the mentioned options are correct outcomes of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta.

Natal teeth refers to the condition where primary teeth erupt prematurely at birth. This is a rare occurrence and can be a result of various factors such as genetic predisposition or certain medical conditions. The premature eruption of primary teeth at birth can cause discomfort to the baby and may require dental intervention if the teeth are loose or pose a risk of aspiration. It is important for parents to seek professional advice and guidance in such cases to ensure the baby's oral health is properly managed.

The prognosis of a pulpotomy, which is a dental procedure that involves removing the infected pulp tissue in a tooth's crown, can be influenced by several factors. These factors include the size and location of the exposure, as well as the presence of marginal leakage. The size of the exposure refers to the extent of the pulp tissue that was removed during the procedure. The location of the exposure refers to where the exposure occurred in the tooth. Marginal leakage refers to any gaps or openings between the filling material and the tooth structure, which can lead to bacterial infiltration and further damage. All of these factors can impact the success and long-term outcome of a pulpotomy.

The correct answer is "ក្រោម 2500 ក្រាម" which means "below 2500 grams". This is the correct answer because the question asks for the weight that is below a certain amount, and out of the given options, "ក្រោម 2500 ក្រាម" is the only option that satisfies this condition.

Based on the given information, the patient is experiencing severe and continuous pain in tooth 75, which also has a big hole. These symptoms suggest that the pulp (the innermost part of the tooth) is inflamed and damaged beyond repair. This condition is known as irreversible pulpitis, which is characterized by intense and persistent pain. Reversible pulpitis refers to temporary inflammation of the pulp that can be resolved with proper treatment. Periodontitis involves inflammation and infection of the surrounding tissues of the tooth, while pulp necrosis refers to the death of the pulp tissue. However, the symptoms described in the question point towards irreversible pulpitis as the most likely diagnosis.

The most common missing teeth seen on the primary dentition are the lateral incisors. This is because the development of these teeth can be affected by various factors such as genetics, trauma, or abnormal tooth development. Missing lateral incisors can lead to issues with the alignment and spacing of the other teeth in the mouth.

The correct answer is 37 អាទិត្យ. The question is asking which number is not a multiple of 12. Out of the given options, 37 is the only number that is not divisible evenly by 12.

The symptom of reversible pulpitis is sharp pain for a short duration caused by a stimulus. This means that when the tooth is exposed to a trigger such as hot or cold temperature, sweet or sour foods, or biting pressure, the individual experiences a brief but intense pain. The pain subsides quickly once the stimulus is removed. This symptom is characteristic of reversible pulpitis, which is an inflammation of the dental pulp that can be reversed with appropriate treatment.

Dental trauma refers to injuries to the teeth and surrounding structures caused by external forces. While dental trauma can lead to various dental problems, it is not directly linked to gingivitis. Gingivitis is primarily caused by poor oral hygiene, restoration overhangs, and orthodontic appliances, which can all contribute to the buildup of plaque and bacteria in the gums. Dental trauma, on the other hand, may result in tooth fractures, dislodgement, or avulsion, but it does not directly cause inflammation of the gums.

The term "Marcrodontia" refers to a tooth that is larger than normal in size. This condition can occur due to various factors such as genetics or developmental abnormalities. Hypodontia refers to the condition where a person is missing one or more teeth. Hyperdontia refers to the presence of extra teeth in the mouth. Microdontia refers to a tooth that is smaller than normal. Therefore, the correct answer is Marcrodontia as it specifically relates to a tooth that is bigger than normal.

The correct answer is all of the above. Dentin dysplasia type II (coronal type) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of dentin, the hard tissue that makes up the majority of a tooth. This condition can cause various dental abnormalities, including opalescent color of primary dentition, large coronal pulp, and short roots of primary teeth. Therefore, all of the given options are characteristic features of dentin dysplasia type II.

Ankylosis refers to the fusion of a tooth to the surrounding bone, resulting in limited or no movement of the tooth. Submerged teeth, also known as impacted teeth, are teeth that fail to fully erupt through the gum line and remain partially or completely submerged in the jawbone. Therefore, the correct answer is submerged teeth.

The average weight at birth is typically between 3-4 kg.

The correct answer is ទំងន់គិតជា kg = [(អាយុគិតជាឆ្នាំ * 5) + 17]. This equation calculates the weight in kilograms based on the age in years. The equation multiplies the age by 5 and adds 17 to get the weight in kilograms.

The formula given in the answer is used to calculate the height in centimeters during late childhood. It states that the height is equal to the age in years multiplied by 2.5, then added to 30, and finally multiplied by 2.54 to convert it to centimeters. This formula is commonly used to estimate the height of children during this stage of development.

The treatment for primary herpetic gingiva stomatitis includes all of the options mentioned. Drinking plenty of fluids helps to stay hydrated and relieve discomfort. A soft bland diet is recommended to avoid irritating the affected area. Paracetamol can be taken to alleviate pain and reduce fever. Antiviral agents are prescribed to inhibit the replication of the herpes virus and promote healing.

Familial neutropenias are a group of inherited disorders characterized by a decrease in the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that helps fight off infections. As a result, individuals with familial neutropenias are more susceptible to various infections, including recurrent pneumonia, skin and other infections, mouth ulceration, and periodontal disease. Therefore, all the options listed above are potential symptoms or complications that individuals with familial neutropenias may experience.

A mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth that erupts between the central incisors of the permanent dentition. Supernumerary teeth are extra teeth that develop in addition to the normal set of teeth. Hypodontia refers to the condition where there is a congenital absence of one or more teeth. Macrodontia is a condition where teeth are abnormally large. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is Mesiodens.

Taurodontism is a dental condition characterized by an elongated pulp chamber and short roots. It can be caused by various factors, including oral-facial-digital syndrome, which is a genetic disorder affecting the development of the oral cavity, face, and digits. Amelogenesis Imperfecta-type IV, a hereditary enamel defect, can also lead to taurodontism. Additionally, individuals with Down syndrome, a chromosomal disorder, may exhibit taurodontism as part of their dental abnormalities. Therefore, all of the mentioned conditions can contribute to the development of taurodontism.

ZoE (Eugenate) is the correct material used for root filling in primary teeth. ZoE stands for Zinc Oxide Eugenol, which is a widely used dental material known for its antimicrobial properties and ability to soothe the pulp. It is commonly used in pediatric dentistry for root canal treatment in primary teeth due to its excellent biocompatibility and ease of manipulation. Ca(OH)2 (Calcium Hydroxide), Cortisomol, and Endo methasone are not commonly used for root filling in primary teeth.

Apexification is a procedure used to treat a tooth with an immature root that has been damaged. It involves creating a hard barrier at the apex of the tooth to prevent further infection and promote root development. Contraindications are factors that make the procedure unsuitable or risky. In this case, all of the options listed (very short root, vital pulp, and compromised periodontium) are contraindications for apexification. A very short root may not provide enough space for the barrier to be created, a vital pulp indicates that the tooth is still alive and can potentially heal on its own, and a compromised periodontium suggests that the tooth may not have adequate support.

The correct answer is 40 cm. This suggests that the average height is 40 cm.

The correct answer is "ទំងន់គិតជា kg = [(អាយុគិតជាឆ្នាំ * 7 + 5] * 0,454". This formula is used to calculate the weight in kilograms during the Late Childhood stage. It takes the age in years, multiplies it by 7, adds 5, and then multiplies the result by 0.454. This formula provides an estimation of the weight in kilograms based on the age in years during this specific stage of development.

Based on the given information, the patient is experiencing pain while eating for a few minutes, which suggests that the condition is not severe or chronic. Reversible pulpitis refers to inflammation of the dental pulp that can be resolved with appropriate treatment. This condition is characterized by temporary pain or sensitivity to hot or cold stimuli. Therefore, considering the patient's age and the temporary nature of the pain, reversible pulpitis is the most likely diagnosis in this case.

The symptoms and signs of primary herpetic gingiva stomatitis include sub-mandibular gland swelling, fever (>38ºC), and reddened bleeding gingiva. However, herpes labialis (cold sore) on the lip is not a symptom of primary herpetic gingiva stomatitis.

Dilantin, also known as phenytoin, is an anticonvulsant medication that has been associated with gingival enlargement. This side effect is known as phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth and is characterized by an abnormal growth of gum tissue. The exact mechanism behind this enlargement is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an increase in collagen production and a decrease in collagen breakdown. Regular dental care and good oral hygiene are important for individuals taking Dilantin to manage this side effect.

All of the symptoms mentioned (fever, anorexia and malaise, submandibular gland swelling, multiple vesicle and painful ulcers on gingiva) are characteristic of primary herpetic gingiva stomatitis. This condition is caused by the herpes simplex virus and is characterized by the presence of these symptoms.

Oligodontia is a condition characterized by the absence or missing teeth. In this case, the correct answer suggests that oligodontia refers to the condition of missing about 6 teeth.

Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) is used for pulpotomy procedures. Pulpotomy is a dental procedure in which the inflamed or infected pulp tissue in the pulp chamber of a tooth is removed to preserve the vitality of the remaining healthy pulp tissue. Ca(OH)2 is commonly used as a medicament in pulpotomy procedures due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps to disinfect the pulp chamber, promote healing, and stimulate the formation of dentin. Therefore, Ca(OH)2 pulpotomy is the correct answer.

Formocresol is a commonly used medication in pulpotomy procedures, which involves the removal of the coronal pulp and placement of a medicament in the root canal. The correct answer is 5 minutes because formocresol is typically applied for a duration of 5 minutes in the amputation site to achieve the desired effect. This duration allows the medication to penetrate and disinfect the remaining pulp tissue, promoting healing and preventing further infection.

not-available-via-ai

The correct answer is the first option, which is "ទំងន់គិតជាkg = (អាយុគិតជាខែ +11)* 0,454." This equation is used to calculate the weight of an infant in kilograms during the infancy period. It states that the weight in kilograms is equal to the age in months plus 11, multiplied by 0.454.

The most likely diagnosis for the given symptoms is Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative gingivitis. This condition is characterized by painful ulceration of the interdental papillae, foul breath, rapid progression, fever, and lymphadenopathy. It is commonly seen in young patients and is associated with poor oral hygiene and a compromised immune system. Gingival enlargements, primary herpetic gingiva-stomatitis, and secondary herpes infections do not present with the same combination of symptoms as described in the question.

Anodontia refers to the condition where a person is missing almost all of their teeth. This means that the individual has a significant absence of teeth in their mouth, which can affect their ability to eat, speak, and smile. It is a rare condition that can be caused by genetic factors or certain medical conditions.