MCQs 100 Pediatric Dentistry II Dr. Soun Monika 2019

Chlorhexidine solution is commonly used as an antibacterial mouthwash. It helps to kill bacteria in the mouth, reducing plaque formation and preventing gum diseases like gingivitis. However, it is important to note that prolonged use of chlorhexidine solution can cause tooth staining or bleaching due to its chemical properties. Additionally, some individuals may experience tooth sensitivity when using this mouthwash.

The slow speed hand piece is the only instrument listed that is not typically used for dental ART (atraumatic restorative treatment). ART is a minimally invasive approach to dental treatment that focuses on preserving as much healthy tooth structure as possible. The mouth mirror, tweezers, spoon excavator, and probe are all commonly used in ART procedures to examine and prepare the tooth, remove decay, and restore the tooth using restorative materials. The slow speed hand piece, on the other hand, is typically used for other types of dental procedures such as drilling and shaping the tooth.

The correct answer is that all of the instruments mentioned (mouth mirror, probe, tweezers, and spoon excavator) can be used for ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment). Each instrument serves a specific purpose in the ART procedure, such as examining the teeth (mouth mirror), detecting caries (probe), removing caries (spoon excavator), and handling materials (tweezers).

The high speed handpiece is not used for ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment), which is a minimally invasive dental technique that aims to remove as little healthy tooth structure as possible. The high speed handpiece is typically used for procedures that require cutting or removing a significant amount of tooth structure, such as cavity preparation for fillings or crown preparations. In ART, instruments like the mouth mirror, tweezers and spoon excavator, and probe are commonly used for diagnosis, cleaning, and removing decayed tooth material.

Fluoride is known to prevent dental caries or tooth decay. It does so by strengthening the enamel, the outer layer of the teeth, making it more resistant to acid attacks from bacteria and sugars in the mouth. This helps to prevent the demineralization or breakdown of the enamel, which can lead to cavities. Fluoride does not cause bleaching or hypersensitivity. Therefore, the correct answer is that fluoride can prevent dental caries.

Minimal Intervention management is a conservative approach that aims to preserve as much of the natural tooth structure as possible when treating dental cavities. This approach focuses on removing only the decayed or damaged portion of the tooth, while leaving the healthy tooth structure intact. By doing so, it minimizes the need for extensive restoration or invasive procedures, resulting in better long-term oral health outcomes for the patient.

The correct answer is "Bigger in primary teeth". The pulp chamber refers to the space within the tooth that contains the dental pulp, which consists of nerves and blood vessels. In primary teeth, the pulp chamber is relatively larger compared to permanent teeth. This is because primary teeth are smaller in size and have thinner enamel and dentin layers, which results in a larger proportion of the tooth being occupied by the pulp chamber.

The answer 1, 2, and 3 are correct because extraction in the mixed dentition may be necessary as part of orthodontic treatment, it may be due to caries (tooth decay), or it may be a result of trauma.

Fissure sealants are used to protect sound primary and permanent molars with deep pits and fissures. These deep grooves on the chewing surfaces of the teeth can be difficult to clean properly, making them more susceptible to decay. By applying a sealant, a thin protective coating, to these areas, the risk of cavities forming is reduced. It acts as a barrier, preventing food particles and bacteria from getting trapped in the pits and fissures, thus helping to maintain the overall oral health of the teeth.

Mutans streptococcus is the correct answer because it is a type of bacteria that is primarily responsible for tooth decay. It is commonly found in the mouth and feeds on sugars, producing acids that erode tooth enamel and lead to the formation of cavities. This bacteria attaches to the teeth and forms a sticky biofilm called dental plaque, which provides an ideal environment for acid production and tooth decay. Therefore, the presence of Mutans streptococcus is closely associated with the development of dental caries.

The primary teeth, also known as deciduous teeth or baby teeth, have a more bulbous crown compared to permanent teeth. The enamel of primary teeth is thinner and appears whiter. Additionally, the root of a primary molar can have multiple canals and ramifications. These differences distinguish primary teeth from permanent teeth.

The correct answer is Frequencies of demand, Sweet drink and Feeding at night. This answer suggests that the cause of early childhood caries (tooth decay) is the combination of frequent demand for food, consumption of sweet drinks, and feeding at night. These factors contribute to prolonged exposure of the teeth to sugars and acids, leading to tooth decay. Water is not mentioned as a cause in this answer.

It is important to start cleaning a baby's primary teeth as soon as the first teeth erupt. This helps to establish good oral hygiene habits early on and prevents the buildup of plaque, which can lead to cavities and other dental issues. Regular cleaning should continue as more primary teeth come in, ensuring that the child's teeth remain healthy.

Glass ionomer cement is a dental material that releases fluoride. Fluoride is a mineral that helps to prevent tooth decay by strengthening the enamel and making it more resistant to acid attacks from bacteria and plaque. Glass ionomer cement contains fluoride as part of its composition, and when it comes into contact with saliva or water, it releases fluoride ions. This continuous release of fluoride helps to provide long-term protection against tooth decay.

After extraction of primary teeth, it is important for the socket to stop bleeding with gauge. This is necessary to prevent excessive bleeding and promote the healing process. The use of a gauge helps to apply pressure on the socket, which in turn helps to control and stop the bleeding. It is a common practice in dental procedures to use a gauge to manage bleeding and ensure proper healing.

When treating children, it is important for the dentist to be friendly and understanding towards the child. Children may be scared or anxious about dental treatments, so being friendly helps to create a comfortable and positive environment. Additionally, understanding the intellectual development of the child is crucial as it helps the dentist to communicate effectively and adapt the treatment approach accordingly. Asking the parent for more information about the child can also provide valuable insights, but it is not as essential as being friendly and understanding. Frightening the child when they reject the treatment is not a suitable approach and goes against creating a positive experience for the child.

Fissure sealants are used to protect the grooves and pits on the chewing surfaces of teeth from decay. These grooves are most susceptible to cavities in children as they are difficult to clean properly. Age 6-9 is the correct answer because this is the age range when children's permanent molars and premolars have erupted, and fissure sealants are most commonly applied to these teeth. Applying sealants at this age helps to prevent decay and maintain good oral health in children.

Tooth coloration appearing as an opaque, white spot with diffusion striation to a brown mottling is a characteristic of dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis is caused by excessive intake of fluoride during tooth development, leading to the formation of enamel that is discolored and has a mottled appearance. Amalogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, tetracycline staining, and hyperplasia do not specifically result in this type of tooth discoloration.

The correct answer is "Dentist applies fl varnish." When a dentist notices areas of demineralization on a child's teeth, it indicates early signs of tooth decay. Applying fluoride varnish helps to strengthen the tooth enamel and prevent further damage. It is a common preventive measure used by dentists to protect teeth from cavities.

Fissure sealants are done to prevent caries (tooth decay) in children. The deep fissures in the teeth can easily trap food particles and bacteria, making them more prone to decay. Additionally, children may not brush their teeth well, which further increases the risk of caries. By applying fissure sealants, the deep fissures are sealed off, preventing food and bacteria from getting trapped and reducing the risk of tooth decay.

Composite is the correct answer because it is a dental material that undergoes shrinkage after filling a cavity. When composite is placed in a cavity and cured with a light, it undergoes a process called polymerization, where it hardens and shrinks. This shrinkage can lead to gaps between the composite and the tooth structure, which can compromise the integrity of the restoration and potentially lead to leakage and recurrent decay. To minimize the effects of shrinkage, techniques such as incremental layering and the use of a curing light with a longer curing time can be employed.

Fluoride varnish is a dental treatment that helps prevent dental caries, also known as tooth decay. It achieves this by strengthening the enamel and making it more resistant to acid attacks from bacteria in the mouth. Additionally, fluoride varnish can also help prevent tooth sensitivity by forming a protective barrier on the teeth, reducing the exposure of sensitive nerve endings to external stimuli such as hot or cold temperatures. Therefore, the correct answer is that fluoride varnish can prevent dental caries and prevent tooth sensitivity.

To successfully communicate and provide treatment to children, it is important to be friendly towards them, use the technique of Tell, Show, Do, and show respect by treating them as individuals. Being friendly helps to establish trust and a positive rapport with the child, making them more receptive to treatment. The Tell, Show, Do technique involves explaining the procedure to the child, demonstrating it, and then performing it. This helps to reduce anxiety and fear. Treating children as individuals and showing respect acknowledges their autonomy and promotes their cooperation.

The correct answer is to brush the teeth with fluoride toothpaste, keep it in the mouth for one minute, spit out but do not rinse before going to bed. This is because fluoride toothpaste helps to strengthen the teeth and prevent tooth decay. Keeping the toothpaste in the mouth for one minute allows the fluoride to have maximum contact with the teeth. Spitting out the toothpaste without rinsing ensures that the fluoride continues to protect the teeth throughout the night.

The most effective way of tooth brushing for children is to demonstrate the proper technique and then follow up with them until they are able to do it themselves. This ensures that they are learning the correct method and can maintain good oral hygiene. Educating the parents and the child is also important, but the key is to actively involve the children in the process and provide ongoing support and guidance. Demonstrating posters can be helpful, but it is not as effective as hands-on instruction and supervision.

The correct answer is fissure sealant. Fissure sealants are commonly used to protect the deep fissures and grooves on the chewing surfaces of molars in children. These sealants are applied to prevent food and bacteria from getting trapped in these areas, reducing the risk of tooth decay. In this case, the presence of deep fissures with stain suggests that the dentinoenamel junction is normal, indicating that a fissure sealant would be the appropriate material to use for preventive treatment.

Dental treatment for a two-year-old should be accompanied by a parent. This is because at this age, children may not be able to fully cooperate or understand the dental procedures. Having a parent present can help comfort and support the child during the treatment. Additionally, parents can assist in holding the child still and ensuring their safety during the procedure.

Cavities that are very deep with the pulp exposed and causing pain are not suitable for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). This is because ART involves the removal of decayed tissue and the placement of a filling, which may not be effective or comfortable in cases where the pulp is exposed and the tooth is already painful. In such cases, other dental treatments may be necessary to address the underlying issues and alleviate the pain.

ART, or Art Therapy, can benefit a wide range of individuals. Young children can benefit from ART as it provides a creative outlet for self-expression and can help them process and communicate their emotions. Very anxious patients can also benefit from ART as it can help reduce anxiety and provide a calming and relaxing experience. People in nursing homes can benefit from ART as it can improve their cognitive abilities, enhance their social interactions, and provide a sense of purpose and enjoyment. Therefore, all three options, 1, 2, and 3, are correct.

After applying fuji IX with ART, it is advised for the patient to not eat or drink for 1 hour. This is important because it allows the material to set and harden properly without being disturbed by food or liquids. Waiting for this duration ensures the longevity and effectiveness of the treatment.

Sealants are a protective coating applied to the chewing surfaces of teeth to prevent cavities. The first molars of permanent teeth are typically the first permanent teeth to erupt in the mouth, usually around the age of 6. These teeth have deep grooves and pits that make them more susceptible to cavities. Therefore, it is recommended to use sealants on the first molars of permanent teeth to provide added protection against tooth decay.

Extraction in the mixed dentition may be necessary for purely orthodontic reasons, such as crowding. This means that if there is not enough space in the mouth for all the teeth to properly align, extraction may be recommended to create more space and allow for proper alignment.

Serial extraction is a procedure used in orthodontics to relieve crowding at an early stage. By removing certain primary teeth, space is created for permanent teeth to erupt into good alignment. This can help avoid the need for later appliance therapy, such as braces or other orthodontic treatments. Therefore, the correct answer is 1, 2, and 3, as all three statements explain the benefits of serial extraction.

Before doing local anesthesia, it is important to prepare the child for what they will experience. Saying "Put the tooth asleep and Feel pain like mosquito bite" is a good way to explain the process to the child. It informs them that their tooth will be numbed, so they won't feel any pain during the procedure, but they might feel a slight sensation similar to a mosquito bite. This explanation helps to alleviate any fears or concerns the child may have about the anesthesia.

Neonatal teeth are the correct answer because they are the teeth that emerge within the first 30 days after birth. These teeth can appear in the oral cavity shortly after birth or during the first month, and they are relatively rare. Natal teeth, on the other hand, are the teeth that are present at birth, and primary teeth are the set of teeth that replace the neonatal teeth. Prenatal teeth do not exist as teeth cannot form before birth.

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, occurs when the demineralization (loss of minerals) of the tooth enamel is greater than remineralization (gain of minerals). The pH level of dental caries is 5.5. This acidic pH level is caused by the bacteria in the mouth that produce acids when they break down sugars and food particles. The acidic environment promotes the demineralization of the tooth enamel, leading to the development of dental caries.

The answer is correct because all three statements mention the conditions under which ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment) is suitable for cavities. According to the statements, cavities that are not deep, cavities in dental clinics without electricity, and cavities that do not have enough instruments are all suitable for ART. Therefore, Answer 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

The answer "Make friend first with children and do the simple one" is the correct answer because it suggests that building a friendly and trusting relationship with children is important in the management of children in a dental office. By making friends with the children, the dental staff can create a comfortable and relaxed environment for the children, which can help alleviate their fears and anxieties. Additionally, by starting with simple procedures, the children can gradually become more comfortable and familiar with the dental office, making future visits easier.

The correct answer is "The first molars of permanent teeth big cavities with pulp exposed." This answer states that the first molars of permanent teeth have big cavities with the pulp exposed. This means that these teeth are not suitable for sealant application because sealants are used to prevent cavities and protect the tooth enamel.

Early Childhood Caries refers to tooth decay that occurs in young children, typically between the ages of 1 and 5. The primary upper incisors are the first teeth to erupt in the mouth, making them more susceptible to decay. These teeth are also more exposed to bacteria and food particles, as they are located at the front of the mouth and are used for biting and cutting food. Therefore, it is not surprising that the primary upper incisors are the first teeth to be affected by Early Childhood Caries.

The ideal restoration of primary teeth after pulp therapy is a stainless steel crown. This is because stainless steel crowns provide excellent durability and longevity in primary teeth, which are prone to heavy wear and tear. They also provide optimal protection and support to the remaining tooth structure, preventing any further damage or decay. Additionally, stainless steel crowns are easy to place and require minimal tooth preparation, making them a preferred choice for restoring primary teeth after pulp therapy.

Leaving the fractured root tip in situ is the correct answer because primary teeth have shallow roots and are eventually shed naturally. Removing the root tip may cause unnecessary trauma and damage to the surrounding tissues. Additionally, removing it and performing curettage may also lead to further complications. Leaving the fractured root tip in place and allowing it to naturally shed is the most appropriate course of action in this situation.

Glass ionomer cement is a common and useful material for filling in children. It is a type of dental cement that is made of a mixture of glass powder and an organic acid. It is used for various dental applications, including filling cavities in primary teeth. Glass ionomer cement has several advantages in pediatric dentistry, such as its ability to release fluoride, which helps prevent tooth decay, and its ability to bond to both enamel and dentin. Additionally, it has a tooth-colored appearance, making it aesthetically pleasing for children.

The reason we do ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment) is mainly because it is suitable for treating occlusal caries that are not deep. This means that it is a suitable treatment option for cavities that are not too severe or extensive. Additionally, ART is a cost-effective option as it does not require expensive materials. The materials used in ART are also easily accessible, making it convenient for dental practitioners to perform the treatment. Lastly, ART is considered a good material for filling as it provides a durable and long-lasting restoration for the tooth.

The eruption of primary lateral incisors typically begins between 7 and 10 months of age. This is a normal developmental milestone in infants where the teeth start to emerge from the gums. The timing can vary slightly from child to child, but on average, the primary lateral incisors will start to appear during this time period.

Bottle feeding should be changed to cup after 1 year of age because by this age, most children have developed the necessary oral motor skills to drink from a cup. Additionally, prolonged bottle feeding can lead to dental issues such as tooth decay and malformation of the teeth and jaw. Introducing a cup at this age helps promote independence and healthy oral development.

Fissure sealants are a preventive dental treatment that involves applying a protective coating to the chewing surfaces of teeth to prevent cavities. The correct answer states that fissure sealants can be done on the first molars of permanent teeth that are healthy. This means that if the first molars of permanent teeth do not have any existing cavities or decay, they can still benefit from fissure sealants to protect them from future cavities.

Amalgam is the most durable dental material filling. It is a mixture of metals, including silver, tin, copper, and mercury. Amalgam fillings have been used for many years and have a long track record of durability and strength. They are resistant to wear and can withstand the forces of chewing and grinding. Additionally, amalgam fillings are less likely to fracture or break compared to other materials like composite or glass ionomer.

The indication for serial extraction includes a patient aged about 9 years old, significant incisor crowding, and all permanent teeth present. Serial extraction is a treatment approach in orthodontics where primary teeth are selectively removed to create space for the eruption of permanent teeth. This is typically done in cases where there is severe crowding and the patient is still growing. By removing certain primary teeth, the orthodontist can guide the eruption of permanent teeth into a more favorable position, resulting in improved alignment and occlusion.

Filling with indirect pulp capping is the correct answer because it is a conservative treatment option for managing enamel dentine fractures of permanent teeth. This procedure involves removing the damaged enamel and dentin, and then placing a protective material over the exposed pulp to promote healing and prevent further damage. It is a less invasive approach compared to pulpotomy or pulpectomy, which involve removing the entire pulp tissue. Filling with direct pulp capping is not suitable for enamel dentine fractures as it involves placing a protective material directly on the exposed pulp, which may not provide enough protection for the damaged tooth.