Oral Surgery Exam: Trivia Quiz!

Yellow is the color code for a patient who is in medium emergency need. This indicates that the patient requires urgent medical attention, but their condition is not immediately life-threatening. Yellow is often used to prioritize patients who need prompt care, but can wait for a short period of time without their condition worsening. This allows medical professionals to efficiently allocate resources and prioritize patients based on the urgency of their needs.

The Akinosi method is a closed mouth technique for mandibular nerve block. This technique involves injecting the anesthetic solution into the pterygomandibular space through the mucobuccal fold, without the need for the patient to open their mouth. The Akinosi method is an alternative to the Gow Gates technique, which also achieves mandibular nerve block but requires the patient to open their mouth wide. Therefore, the correct answer is the Akinosi method.

Fibro optic naso tracheal intubation is the best method for intubation in orofacial trauma cases where the cervical spine is not stable. This is because it allows for a more controlled and precise intubation, minimizing the risk of further injury to the patient's neck. The use of fibro optic technology provides a clear visualization of the airway, allowing the healthcare provider to navigate around any potential obstructions or anatomical abnormalities caused by the trauma. Additionally, the naso tracheal route is preferred in these cases as it avoids manipulation of the mouth and jaw, which may worsen the existing facial injuries.

The answer of 70% suggests that the maximum strength of the surgical wound obtained after 3 months is 70% of its original strength. This implies that the wound has healed significantly but is not completely healed yet. It indicates that there is still room for improvement in terms of wound strength, but it has made considerable progress in the healing process.

Hematoma formation is most common in the posterior superior alveolar nerve block. This is because the posterior superior alveolar nerve block involves the injection of anesthetic near the posterior superior alveolar artery, which can cause bleeding and subsequent hematoma formation. In contrast, the inferior alveolar nerve block does not typically result in hematoma formation.

In congestive heart failure, the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently is compromised. The upright position allows for better lung expansion and helps to alleviate fluid buildup in the lungs, which is a common symptom of congestive heart failure. By sitting or standing upright, gravity helps to reduce the accumulation of fluid in the lungs and improve breathing. Therefore, the upright position is recommended for patients with congestive heart failure.

The head up position helps minimize blood loss. When a person is in a supine position, the head is at the same level as the rest of the body, which can increase blood flow to the head and potentially lead to more bleeding. Lateral position refers to lying on one side, which may not have a direct impact on blood loss. On the other hand, the head up position helps to reduce blood flow to the head, which can help minimize bleeding. Therefore, the head up position is the most effective in minimizing blood loss.

Healing after flap surgery is by primary intention. This means that the wound edges are brought together and closed with sutures or staples, allowing for faster healing and minimal scarring. Primary intention healing is typically used for clean surgical incisions where the wound edges can be easily approximated. Secondary intention healing occurs when the wound is left open to heal from the bottom up, and tertiary intention healing involves delayed closure of a wound.

The mechanical advantage in the wedge principle is 2.5. This means that the wedge can multiply the input force by a factor of 2.5, making it easier to split or separate objects. The wedge principle states that as the length of the wedge increases relative to its width, the mechanical advantage increases. In this case, the mechanical advantage of 2.5 indicates that the wedge is longer and narrower, allowing for a greater multiplication of force.

The Pederson index is a tool used to assess the difficulty of impaction in dentistry. It helps to determine the level of difficulty in removing impacted teeth and assesses the complexity of the surgical procedure. This index is commonly used by oral and maxillofacial surgeons to plan and evaluate the surgical management of impacted teeth. It takes into account factors such as the position, angulation, and depth of impaction to provide a comprehensive assessment of the difficulty level.

Gowgates technique is a method used to administer local anesthesia in dentistry. It involves advancing the needle towards the neck of the condyle, which is the correct answer to the question. This technique provides profound anesthesia to the mandibular teeth, lower lip, and tongue by depositing the anesthetic solution near the mandibular nerve. It is commonly used for procedures such as extractions and root canals in the lower jaw.

C fibers are the fibers that are most sensitive to local anesthesia. Local anesthesia works by blocking nerve signals in a specific area, and C fibers are the smallest and slowest conducting nerve fibers in the body. They are responsible for transmitting dull, aching, and burning pain sensations. By targeting C fibers with local anesthesia, these pain signals can be temporarily blocked, providing relief to the patient. A delta fibers, on the other hand, are larger and transmit sharp, fast pain signals. Therefore, they are less sensitive to local anesthesia.

Antibiotic prophylaxis is mandatory in the case of congenital heart disease. This is because individuals with congenital heart disease have a higher risk of developing infective endocarditis, an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. Antibiotic prophylaxis is used to prevent this infection from occurring during certain medical procedures that can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream. Therefore, individuals with congenital heart disease are advised to take antibiotics before undergoing dental procedures, surgeries, or other invasive medical interventions to reduce the risk of infective endocarditis.

ASA classification is a system used by anesthesiologists to assess the physical health of a patient before surgery. It ranges from 1 to 6, with 1 being a healthy patient and 6 being a brain-dead patient. ASA classification 4 indicates a patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life. Therefore, a patient who is under threat to life would come under ASA classification 4.

The buccinator muscle is the muscle that is penetrated during an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). An IANB is a dental technique used to anesthetize the lower teeth and surrounding tissues. The buccinator muscle is located in the cheek and is responsible for compressing the cheeks against the teeth during chewing and speaking. During an IANB, the needle is inserted into the pterygomandibular space, which lies superior to the buccinator muscle. Therefore, the buccinator muscle is penetrated during the administration of an IANB.

Blade No 12 is commonly used for mucogingival surgeries. It is a surgical instrument that has a curved shape and a sharp cutting edge, making it suitable for procedures involving the gingiva and mucosa. The other blades mentioned (No 10, No 15, No 13) may have different shapes or cutting edges that are not specifically designed for mucogingival surgeries.

The preferred needle for irrigation is 30. This is because a needle with a higher gauge number indicates a smaller diameter, which allows for a higher flow rate of the irrigation solution. A smaller diameter needle also reduces the risk of tissue damage during the irrigation procedure. Therefore, a 30-gauge needle is the most suitable choice for irrigation purposes.

For 100 cc of blood loss, 300 cc of crystalloid infusion is required. This is because the general rule of thumb is to replace blood loss with crystalloid fluids at a ratio of 3:1. Therefore, for every 100 cc of blood loss, 300 cc of crystalloid fluid should be infused to maintain fluid balance and prevent hypovolemia.

Ropivacaine is a local anesthetic that causes cutaneous vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, which reduces blood flow to the area. This property of ropivacaine helps in reducing bleeding during surgical procedures and prolongs the duration of anesthesia. Procaine and prilocaine are also local anesthetics, but they do not have the same vasoconstrictive effect as ropivacaine. Therefore, the correct answer is ropivacaine.

Tricyclic antidepressants are contraindicated with adrenaline. This is because tricyclic antidepressants can potentiate the effects of adrenaline, leading to an increased risk of hypertension, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular complications. Therefore, it is important to avoid the concomitant use of these medications to prevent adverse reactions.