Final Laboratorium Kimia Dasar 2018/2019

1. Defenisi dari larutan buffer adalah

Larutan yang dapat menaikkan pH

Larutan yang dapat menurunkan pH

Larutan yang dapat menetralkan pH

Larutan yang dapat mempertahankan pH

Larutan buffer adalah jenis larutan yang mampu mempertahankan pH tetap stabil meskipun ditambahkan asam atau basa. Ini terjadi karena larutan buffer terdiri dari campuran asam lemah dan basa konjugatnya atau garam dari asam lemah dan basa kuat. Ketika asam ditambahkan ke larutan buffer, basa konjugatnya akan bereaksi dengan asam tersebut untuk mencegah perubahan pH yang signifikan. Sebaliknya, ketika basa ditambahkan, asam lemah dalam larutan buffer akan bereaksi dengan basa tersebut untuk mencegah peningkatan pH yang besar. Dengan demikian, larutan buffer dapat mempertahankan pH larutan dalam kisaran yang diinginkan.

Explanation

Larutan buffer adalah jenis larutan yang mampu mempertahankan pH tetap stabil meskipun ditambahkan asam atau basa. Ini terjadi karena larutan buffer terdiri dari campuran asam lemah dan basa konjugatnya atau garam dari asam lemah dan basa kuat. Ketika asam ditambahkan ke larutan buffer, basa konjugatnya akan bereaksi dengan asam tersebut untuk mencegah perubahan pH yang signifikan. Sebaliknya, ketika basa ditambahkan, asam lemah dalam larutan buffer akan bereaksi dengan basa tersebut untuk mencegah peningkatan pH yang besar. Dengan demikian, larutan buffer dapat mempertahankan pH larutan dalam kisaran yang diinginkan.

2. Berapaka kadar pH darah yang terdapat dalam tubuh manusia ?

7,23

7,35

7,8

7,48

The correct answer is 7.35. This is the normal pH level of blood in the human body. pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity, and a pH of 7.35 indicates a slightly alkaline state. Maintaining a stable blood pH is crucial for proper bodily functions, as even slight deviations can have negative effects on enzymes, hormones, and other biological processes.

Explanation

The correct answer is 7.35. This is the normal pH level of blood in the human body. pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity, and a pH of 7.35 indicates a slightly alkaline state. Maintaining a stable blood pH is crucial for proper bodily functions, as even slight deviations can have negative effects on enzymes, hormones, and other biological processes.

3. Diantara bahan baku berikut yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator asam basa alami adalah........

Asam nitrat

Asam malat

Asam tanat

Asam butirat

Asam nitrat dapat digunakan sebagai indikator asam basa alami karena memiliki sifat asam yang kuat. Ketika asam nitrat bereaksi dengan basa, akan terjadi perubahan warna yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keasaman atau kebasaan suatu larutan. Indikator asam basa alami seperti asam nitrat sangat berguna dalam berbagai percobaan kimia dan analisis kualitatif.

Explanation

Asam nitrat dapat digunakan sebagai indikator asam basa alami karena memiliki sifat asam yang kuat. Ketika asam nitrat bereaksi dengan basa, akan terjadi perubahan warna yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keasaman atau kebasaan suatu larutan. Indikator asam basa alami seperti asam nitrat sangat berguna dalam berbagai percobaan kimia dan analisis kualitatif.

4. Larutan yang mengandung asam lemah dan basa konjugatnya atau basa lemah dan asam konjugatnya yang mana fungsi dari larutan penyangga ini ialah untuk mempertahankan pH larutan agar tetap stabil meski ditambahakan sedikit asam atau sedikit basa....

Laruran Asam-Basa

Larutan Penyangga

Larutan Hidrolisis

Larutan Garam

Larutan penyangga adalah larutan yang mengandung asam lemah dan basa konjugatnya atau basa lemah dan asam konjugatnya. Fungsi dari larutan penyangga ini adalah untuk mempertahankan pH larutan agar tetap stabil meski ditambahkan sedikit asam atau sedikit basa. Dengan adanya asam lemah dan basa konjugatnya, larutan penyangga dapat menetralkan atau menyerap ion hidrogen atau ion hidroksida yang ditambahkan, sehingga pH larutan tetap stabil.

Explanation

Larutan penyangga adalah larutan yang mengandung asam lemah dan basa konjugatnya atau basa lemah dan asam konjugatnya. Fungsi dari larutan penyangga ini adalah untuk mempertahankan pH larutan agar tetap stabil meski ditambahkan sedikit asam atau sedikit basa. Dengan adanya asam lemah dan basa konjugatnya, larutan penyangga dapat menetralkan atau menyerap ion hidrogen atau ion hidroksida yang ditambahkan, sehingga pH larutan tetap stabil.

5. Cara paling tepat untuk membuktikan bahwa larutan natrium hidroksida bersifat basa adalah...

Mencicipinya, apabila terasa pahit berarti basa

Mencampur dengan cuka, apabila terbentuk gelembung berarti basa

Menguji dengan kertas lakmus merah, jika berubah warna biru berarti basa

Mencampur dengan air jeruk nipis, apabila terbentuk garam dapur berarti basa

The correct answer is to test it with red litmus paper, if it turns blue it means it is a base. This is because red litmus paper is an indicator that changes color in the presence of a base. If the solution is basic, it will cause the red litmus paper to turn blue.

Explanation

The correct answer is to test it with red litmus paper, if it turns blue it means it is a base. This is because red litmus paper is an indicator that changes color in the presence of a base. If the solution is basic, it will cause the red litmus paper to turn blue.

6. Rumus kimia untuk glukosa adalah ...

HCL

C11H12O11

C6H12O6

Ca(OH)2

The correct answer is C6H12O6 because glukosa is the Indonesian term for glucose, which is a simple sugar with a chemical formula of C6H12O6.

Explanation

The correct answer is C6H12O6 because glukosa is the Indonesian term for glucose, which is a simple sugar with a chemical formula of C6H12O6.

7. Sebutkan dua jenis kertas lakmus yang digunakan untuk menggukur pH dari asam dan basa ..

Merah dan hijau.

Merah dan kuning

Universal.

Merah dan biru.

The correct answer is "merah dan biru". Kertas lakmus adalah kertas yang digunakan untuk mengukur pH larutan. Kertas lakmus merah akan berubah menjadi biru pada larutan basa, sedangkan kertas lakmus biru akan berubah menjadi merah pada larutan asam. Oleh karena itu, menggunakan kedua jenis kertas lakmus ini dapat membantu dalam mengidentifikasi apakah suatu larutan bersifat asam atau basa.

Explanation

The correct answer is "merah dan biru". Kertas lakmus adalah kertas yang digunakan untuk mengukur pH larutan. Kertas lakmus merah akan berubah menjadi biru pada larutan basa, sedangkan kertas lakmus biru akan berubah menjadi merah pada larutan asam. Oleh karena itu, menggunakan kedua jenis kertas lakmus ini dapat membantu dalam mengidentifikasi apakah suatu larutan bersifat asam atau basa.

8. Larutan yang pH nya tetap atau tidak berubah pada penambahan sedikit asam atau basa ataupun pengenceran merupakan pengertian dari …………

Larutan penyangga

Larutan asam

Larutan basa

Katalisator

The correct answer is "larutan penyangga". A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added or when the solution is diluted. It contains a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The weak acid or base can react with the added acid or base, preventing a significant change in pH.

Explanation

The correct answer is "larutan penyangga". A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added or when the solution is diluted. It contains a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The weak acid or base can react with the added acid or base, preventing a significant change in pH.

9. Reaksi kimia ditinjau dari arahnya dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu ..

Reaksi asam basa

Reaksi reduksi oksidasi

Reaksi reversible dan ireversible

Reaksi kimia

The correct answer is "Reaksi reversible dan ireversible". This answer is correct because it correctly identifies the two types of chemical reactions based on their directionality: reversible and irreversible reactions. Reversible reactions are those that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions, while irreversible reactions only proceed in one direction. This classification is important in understanding the behavior and characteristics of different chemical reactions.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Reaksi reversible dan ireversible". This answer is correct because it correctly identifies the two types of chemical reactions based on their directionality: reversible and irreversible reactions. Reversible reactions are those that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions, while irreversible reactions only proceed in one direction. This classification is important in understanding the behavior and characteristics of different chemical reactions.

10. Dari reaksi NH4OH + HCL, maka produk yang akan dihasikan dari reaksi tersebut adalah ?

NH4Cl + air

H2O + Garam

Garam + Air

NH4Cl + H2O

The reaction between NH4OH and HCl will result in the formation of NH4Cl and H2O. This is because NH4OH is ammonia hydroxide and HCl is hydrochloric acid. When these two substances react, they undergo a neutralization reaction, where the ammonium ion (NH4+) from NH4OH combines with the chloride ion (Cl-) from HCl to form NH4Cl. The hydroxide ion (OH-) from NH4OH combines with the hydrogen ion (H+) from HCl to form water (H2O). Therefore, the correct answer is NH4Cl + H2O.

Explanation

The reaction between NH4OH and HCl will result in the formation of NH4Cl and H2O. This is because NH4OH is ammonia hydroxide and HCl is hydrochloric acid. When these two substances react, they undergo a neutralization reaction, where the ammonium ion (NH4+) from NH4OH combines with the chloride ion (Cl-) from HCl to form NH4Cl. The hydroxide ion (OH-) from NH4OH combines with the hydrogen ion (H+) from HCl to form water (H2O). Therefore, the correct answer is NH4Cl + H2O.

11. Jumlah mol zat terlarut dalam tiap liter larutan merupakan definisi dari...

Molalitas

Molaritas

Normalitas

Tekanan osmotik

Molaritas adalah jumlah mol zat terlarut yang terdapat dalam setiap liter larutan. Dalam definisi ini, tidak ada keterkaitan dengan berat jenis atau volume zat terlarut. Oleh karena itu, molaritas adalah jawaban yang tepat untuk pertanyaan ini.

Explanation

Molaritas adalah jumlah mol zat terlarut yang terdapat dalam setiap liter larutan. Dalam definisi ini, tidak ada keterkaitan dengan berat jenis atau volume zat terlarut. Oleh karena itu, molaritas adalah jawaban yang tepat untuk pertanyaan ini.

12. Asam dan basa berdasarkan pada reaksi protonisasinya, asam adalah suatu senyawa yang dapat menghasilkan ion hidrogen (donor proton) sedangkan basa adalah senyawa yang dapat menerima ion hidrogen (aseptor proton), merupakan teori dari?

Branstay-Lerry

Arrhenius

Lewis

Bronsted-Lowry

The correct answer is Bronsted-Lowry. This theory explains that acids are compounds that can donate protons (hydrogen ions) while bases are compounds that can accept protons. It is different from the Arrhenius theory, which defines acids as compounds that produce hydrogen ions in water and bases as compounds that produce hydroxide ions in water. The Lewis theory, on the other hand, defines acids as compounds that can accept electron pairs and bases as compounds that can donate electron pairs. Therefore, the Bronsted-Lowry theory aligns with the given explanation of acids and bases based on their protonation reactions.

Explanation

The correct answer is Bronsted-Lowry. This theory explains that acids are compounds that can donate protons (hydrogen ions) while bases are compounds that can accept protons. It is different from the Arrhenius theory, which defines acids as compounds that produce hydrogen ions in water and bases as compounds that produce hydroxide ions in water. The Lewis theory, on the other hand, defines acids as compounds that can accept electron pairs and bases as compounds that can donate electron pairs. Therefore, the Bronsted-Lowry theory aligns with the given explanation of acids and bases based on their protonation reactions.

13. Reaksi asam basa menurut Brosted-Lowry adalah…………

Akseptor-donor ion proton H+

Akseptor-donor ion proton OH-

Akseptor-donor ion O2+

The correct answer is "Akseptor-donor ion proton H+". According to the Brosted-Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that can donate a proton (H+ ion), while a base is a substance that can accept a proton. In this case, "Akseptor-donor ion proton H+" refers to the ability of a substance to both accept and donate protons, making it a suitable description for the acid-base reaction according to the Brosted-Lowry definition.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Akseptor-donor ion proton H+". According to the Brosted-Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that can donate a proton (H+ ion), while a base is a substance that can accept a proton. In this case, "Akseptor-donor ion proton H+" refers to the ability of a substance to both accept and donate protons, making it a suitable description for the acid-base reaction according to the Brosted-Lowry definition.

14. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk menyimpan hasil larutan penyangga agar tetap dapat mempertahankan pH adalah…

Diletakkan di botol hitam

Dipanaskan

Didinginkan

Diuapkan

Mendinginkan larutan penyangga dapat membantu menjaga kestabilan pH karena suhu yang rendah dapat memperlambat reaksi kimia yang dapat mengubah pH larutan.

Explanation

Mendinginkan larutan penyangga dapat membantu menjaga kestabilan pH karena suhu yang rendah dapat memperlambat reaksi kimia yang dapat mengubah pH larutan.

15. Menurut Arhenius H₂O bersifat netral karena......

Bersifat nonpolar

H2O tidak berwarna

Merupakan pelarut universal

Menghasilkan ion H+ dan OH- yang sama banyak

H2O bersifat netral karena menghasilkan ion H+ dan OH- yang sama banyak. Ketika H2O terdisosiasi, beberapa molekul H2O akan melepaskan ion H+ (hidrogen) dan ion OH- (hidroksil) dalam jumlah yang sama. Karena jumlah ion positif dan ion negatif yang dihasilkan sama, maka larutan H2O tidak memiliki muatan netral dan disebut netral.

Explanation

H2O bersifat netral karena menghasilkan ion H+ dan OH- yang sama banyak. Ketika H2O terdisosiasi, beberapa molekul H2O akan melepaskan ion H+ (hidrogen) dan ion OH- (hidroksil) dalam jumlah yang sama. Karena jumlah ion positif dan ion negatif yang dihasilkan sama, maka larutan H2O tidak memiliki muatan netral dan disebut netral.

16. Molaritas adalah

Tingkat konsentrasi larutan

Tinggi rendah nya penguapan

Suatu larutan menyatakan jumlah mol suatu zat per liter larutan.

Zat terlarut

Molaritas adalah tingkat konsentrasi larutan yang menyatakan jumlah mol suatu zat per liter larutan.

Explanation

Molaritas adalah tingkat konsentrasi larutan yang menyatakan jumlah mol suatu zat per liter larutan.

17. Ph adalah skala yang digunakan dalam menentukan sifat asam atau basa suatu senyawa. Apakah kepanjangan dari Ph tersebut?

Power of Helium

Power of Halogen

Power of H2O

Power of Hydrogen

The correct answer is "Power of Hydrogen". The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, which determines whether the solution is acidic or basic. The term "power" in this context refers to the concentration or strength of hydrogen ions in the solution.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Power of Hydrogen". The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, which determines whether the solution is acidic or basic. The term "power" in this context refers to the concentration or strength of hydrogen ions in the solution.

18. Hasil dari konversi beberapa zat menjadi sekelompok zat baru dinamakan

Produk

Reaktan

Molar

Kalor

The given options are all related to chemical reactions. The term "produk" in Indonesian means "product" in English. In a chemical reaction, when different substances react with each other, they form new substances known as products. Therefore, the correct answer is "produk."

Explanation

The given options are all related to chemical reactions. The term "produk" in Indonesian means "product" in English. In a chemical reaction, when different substances react with each other, they form new substances known as products. Therefore, the correct answer is "produk."

19. Perubahan –perubahan yang diamati dalam suatu rekasi kimia adalah….

Adanya endapan, perubahan PH, dan perubuhan ion

Perubahan suhu, perubahan warna, dan perubahan PH

Perubahan wujud, perubahan suhu, adanya endapan

Perubahan PH, perubahan indicator, adanya endapan

The correct answer is "Perubahan suhu, perubahan warna, dan perubahan PH." In a chemical reaction, these are the observable changes that can occur. Changes in temperature can indicate whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Changes in color can indicate the formation of new substances or the disappearance of reactants. Changes in pH can indicate the presence of acidic or basic substances. These changes are commonly used to identify and analyze chemical reactions.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Perubahan suhu, perubahan warna, dan perubahan PH." In a chemical reaction, these are the observable changes that can occur. Changes in temperature can indicate whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Changes in color can indicate the formation of new substances or the disappearance of reactants. Changes in pH can indicate the presence of acidic or basic substances. These changes are commonly used to identify and analyze chemical reactions.

20. Sebutkan nama gambar dibawah ini :

Cawan porselein

Gelas arloji

Cawan petri

Cawan gerus

The correct answer is "cawan porselein" because it is the only option that matches the given image description. The other options, "gelas arloji," "cawan petri," and "cawan gerus," do not accurately describe the image. Therefore, "cawan porselein" is the most appropriate name for the given picture.

Explanation

The correct answer is "cawan porselein" because it is the only option that matches the given image description. The other options, "gelas arloji," "cawan petri," and "cawan gerus," do not accurately describe the image. Therefore, "cawan porselein" is the most appropriate name for the given picture.

21. Berikut merupakan aksi yang menimbulkan perubahan sistem kesetimbangan, Kecuali .....

Perubahan pH

Perubahan konsentrasi

Perubahan volume

Perubahan tekanan

Perubahan pH tidak mempengaruhi sistem kesetimbangan secara langsung. Sistem kesetimbangan terjadi ketika laju reaksi maju sama dengan laju reaksi mundur. Perubahan pH dapat mempengaruhi laju reaksi, namun tidak akan mempengaruhi posisi kesetimbangan. Perubahan pH hanya akan mempengaruhi ionisasi atau disosiasi zat dalam larutan, tetapi tidak akan mempengaruhi perubahan konsentrasi relatif zat-zat dalam reaksi kesetimbangan.

Explanation

Perubahan pH tidak mempengaruhi sistem kesetimbangan secara langsung. Sistem kesetimbangan terjadi ketika laju reaksi maju sama dengan laju reaksi mundur. Perubahan pH dapat mempengaruhi laju reaksi, namun tidak akan mempengaruhi posisi kesetimbangan. Perubahan pH hanya akan mempengaruhi ionisasi atau disosiasi zat dalam larutan, tetapi tidak akan mempengaruhi perubahan konsentrasi relatif zat-zat dalam reaksi kesetimbangan.

22. Berapa kisaran Ph darah dalam tubuh manusia ….

7.35-7.45

7.35-7.55

7.45-7.8

7.45-7.65

The correct answer is 7.35-7.45. This range represents the normal pH level of blood in the human body. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, and a pH level between 7.35 and 7.45 indicates a slightly alkaline environment. Maintaining this pH range is crucial for the proper functioning of various bodily processes, including enzyme activity, cell function, and oxygen transport. Deviations from this range can lead to health issues such as acidosis or alkalosis.

Explanation

The correct answer is 7.35-7.45. This range represents the normal pH level of blood in the human body. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, and a pH level between 7.35 and 7.45 indicates a slightly alkaline environment. Maintaining this pH range is crucial for the proper functioning of various bodily processes, including enzyme activity, cell function, and oxygen transport. Deviations from this range can lead to health issues such as acidosis or alkalosis.

23. Senyawa NH₄Cl dapat dibuat dengan mencampurkan dua campuran senyawa asam dan senyawa basa yaitu?

NaCl + NH4OH

NaCl + HCl

NH4OH + HCl

NH4OH + NaOH

Senyawa NH4Cl dapat dibuat dengan mencampurkan senyawa basa NH4OH dan senyawa asam HCl. Ketika NH4OH dan HCl dicampur, terjadi reaksi netralisasi di antara basa dan asam tersebut. NH4OH (amonia) adalah basa, sedangkan HCl (asam klorida) adalah asam. Reaksi antara basa dan asam menghasilkan garam NH4Cl dan air (H2O). Oleh karena itu, NH4OH + HCl adalah kombinasi yang tepat untuk membuat NH4Cl.

Explanation

Senyawa NH4Cl dapat dibuat dengan mencampurkan senyawa basa NH4OH dan senyawa asam HCl. Ketika NH4OH dan HCl dicampur, terjadi reaksi netralisasi di antara basa dan asam tersebut. NH4OH (amonia) adalah basa, sedangkan HCl (asam klorida) adalah asam. Reaksi antara basa dan asam menghasilkan garam NH4Cl dan air (H2O). Oleh karena itu, NH4OH + HCl adalah kombinasi yang tepat untuk membuat NH4Cl.

24. Dibawah ini yang bukan zat pelarut adalah

H2O

Alkohol

Asam asetat

NaCl

NaCl bukan zat pelarut karena itu adalah garam yang larut dalam air, bukan zat yang dapat digunakan untuk melarutkan zat lain. H2O, alkohol, dan asam asetat adalah contoh zat pelarut karena mereka dapat melarutkan zat lain seperti garam, gula, atau senyawa lainnya.

Explanation

NaCl bukan zat pelarut karena itu adalah garam yang larut dalam air, bukan zat yang dapat digunakan untuk melarutkan zat lain. H2O, alkohol, dan asam asetat adalah contoh zat pelarut karena mereka dapat melarutkan zat lain seperti garam, gula, atau senyawa lainnya.

25. Urutan dari asam lemah hingga kuat ialah....

HNO3, HCl, HI, CH3COOH, H2CO3

HNO3, CH3COOH, HCl, HI, H2CO3

H2CO3, CH3COOH, HI, HNO3, HCl

H2CO3, HI, HNO3, HCl, CH3COOH

The correct answer is H2CO3, CH3COOH, HI, HNO3, HCl. This is because the strength of an acid is determined by its ability to donate a proton (H+ ion) in a solution. H2CO3 (carbonic acid) is a weak acid as it only partially dissociates in water. CH3COOH (acetic acid) is also a weak acid. HI (hydroiodic acid) is a strong acid as it completely dissociates in water. HNO3 (nitric acid) is also a strong acid. HCl (hydrochloric acid) is the strongest acid in this sequence as it is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water.

Explanation

The correct answer is H2CO3, CH3COOH, HI, HNO3, HCl. This is because the strength of an acid is determined by its ability to donate a proton (H+ ion) in a solution. H2CO3 (carbonic acid) is a weak acid as it only partially dissociates in water. CH3COOH (acetic acid) is also a weak acid. HI (hydroiodic acid) is a strong acid as it completely dissociates in water. HNO3 (nitric acid) is also a strong acid. HCl (hydrochloric acid) is the strongest acid in this sequence as it is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water.

26. Tentukan berapa gram NaCl yang digunakan dalam sebuah larutan. Jika diketahui molaritas 0,2 M dan volume larutannya 100 ml (Mr Nacl = 58,5) …..

1,45 gram

0,31 gram

1,17 gram

0.86 gram

The molar mass of NaCl is 58.5 g/mol. The molar concentration (molarity) is given as 0.2 M, which means there are 0.2 moles of NaCl in 1 liter of solution. Since the volume of the solution is 100 ml (0.1 L), we can calculate the number of moles of NaCl in the solution by multiplying the molarity by the volume: 0.2 mol/L * 0.1 L = 0.02 moles. Finally, we can convert moles to grams by multiplying by the molar mass: 0.02 mol * 58.5 g/mol = 1.17 grams of NaCl.

Explanation

The molar mass of NaCl is 58.5 g/mol. The molar concentration (molarity) is given as 0.2 M, which means there are 0.2 moles of NaCl in 1 liter of solution. Since the volume of the solution is 100 ml (0.1 L), we can calculate the number of moles of NaCl in the solution by multiplying the molarity by the volume: 0.2 mol/L * 0.1 L = 0.02 moles. Finally, we can convert moles to grams by multiplying by the molar mass: 0.02 mol * 58.5 g/mol = 1.17 grams of NaCl.

27. Larutan yang pH nya relative tetap pada saat penambahan sedikit asam, basa atau pengenceran merupakan definisi dari…..

Pengenceran

Reaksi kimia

Buffer

Asam dan basa

A buffer is a solution that maintains a relatively constant pH even when a small amount of acid, base, or dilution is added. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid) that can react with any added acid or base to minimize changes in pH. This allows the buffer to resist large fluctuations in pH and maintain a stable environment for chemical reactions. Therefore, a buffer is the correct answer as it fits the given definition.

Explanation

A buffer is a solution that maintains a relatively constant pH even when a small amount of acid, base, or dilution is added. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid) that can react with any added acid or base to minimize changes in pH. This allows the buffer to resist large fluctuations in pH and maintain a stable environment for chemical reactions. Therefore, a buffer is the correct answer as it fits the given definition.

28. Asam konjugasi pada larutan penyangga NH₄OH+NH₄Cl adalah?

OH-

H+

NH4+

Cl-

Larutan penyangga terbentuk dari asam lemah dan basa konjugasinya. Dalam larutan penyangga NH4OH+NH4Cl, NH4OH berperan sebagai basa lemah dan NH4Cl berperan sebagai asam konjugasi. Oleh karena itu, ion NH4+ merupakan asam konjugasi yang terbentuk dari NH4OH.

Explanation

Larutan penyangga terbentuk dari asam lemah dan basa konjugasinya. Dalam larutan penyangga NH4OH+NH4Cl, NH4OH berperan sebagai basa lemah dan NH4Cl berperan sebagai asam konjugasi. Oleh karena itu, ion NH4+ merupakan asam konjugasi yang terbentuk dari NH4OH.

29. Sempurnakan reaksi berikut : Zn + ..... → ZnCl₂ + H₂

HI

HCL

2HCL

HF

The correct answer is 2HCL. In this reaction, zinc (Zn) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2). The balanced equation for this reaction is: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2. The coefficient of HCl in the answer choice matches the balanced equation, indicating that it is the correct choice for completing the reaction.

Explanation

The correct answer is 2HCL. In this reaction, zinc (Zn) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2). The balanced equation for this reaction is: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2. The coefficient of HCl in the answer choice matches the balanced equation, indicating that it is the correct choice for completing the reaction.

30. Untuk menakar volume zat kimia dalam bentuk cair pada proses reparasi larutan merupakan fungsi dari….

Gelas beker

Labu Takar

Erlenmeyer

Gelas Ukur

Labu takar digunakan untuk menakar volume zat kimia dalam bentuk cair dengan tingkat ketelitian yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan gelas beker atau gelas ukur. Labu takar memiliki bentuk yang khusus dengan leher yang sempit dan tanda ukur yang lebih akurat, sehingga memungkinkan pengukuran volume yang lebih presisi. Erlenmeyer, meskipun juga dapat digunakan untuk menakar volume cairan, tidak seakurat labu takar dalam mengukur volume.

Explanation

Labu takar digunakan untuk menakar volume zat kimia dalam bentuk cair dengan tingkat ketelitian yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan gelas beker atau gelas ukur. Labu takar memiliki bentuk yang khusus dengan leher yang sempit dan tanda ukur yang lebih akurat, sehingga memungkinkan pengukuran volume yang lebih presisi. Erlenmeyer, meskipun juga dapat digunakan untuk menakar volume cairan, tidak seakurat labu takar dalam mengukur volume.

31. Perubahan-perubahan apa saja yang dapat diamati dalam suatu reaksi kimia, sebutkan ?

Adanya gas,endapan,dan perubahan warna.

Perubahan warna,suhu,dan adanya zat baru.

Mengahasilkan produk baru dan zat yang baru.

Perubahan ph,warna,adanya zat baru.

The correct answer is "adanya gas, endapan, dan perubahan warna." This answer correctly identifies the observable changes in a chemical reaction, which include the formation of gas, the formation of a solid precipitate, and a change in color. These changes indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred.

Explanation

The correct answer is "adanya gas, endapan, dan perubahan warna." This answer correctly identifies the observable changes in a chemical reaction, which include the formation of gas, the formation of a solid precipitate, and a change in color. These changes indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred.

32. Berapa gram NH₄Cl yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat 100 ml larutan 0.1 M (BM : 53, 5 g/mol)……

0.54 gram

5.40 gram

0.45 gram

0.64 gram

To calculate the amount of NH4Cl needed to make a 0.1 M solution, we need to use the formula Molarity (M) = moles/volume. First, we convert the volume from mL to L by dividing by 1000 (100 ml = 0.1 L). Then, we rearrange the formula to solve for moles: moles = Molarity x volume. Plugging in the values, we get moles = 0.1 M x 0.1 L = 0.01 moles. Finally, we convert moles to grams using the molar mass of NH4Cl (53.5 g/mol): grams = moles x molar mass = 0.01 moles x 53.5 g/mol = 0.535 grams, which rounds to 0.54 grams.

Explanation

To calculate the amount of NH4Cl needed to make a 0.1 M solution, we need to use the formula Molarity (M) = moles/volume. First, we convert the volume from mL to L by dividing by 1000 (100 ml = 0.1 L). Then, we rearrange the formula to solve for moles: moles = Molarity x volume. Plugging in the values, we get moles = 0.1 M x 0.1 L = 0.01 moles. Finally, we convert moles to grams using the molar mass of NH4Cl (53.5 g/mol): grams = moles x molar mass = 0.01 moles x 53.5 g/mol = 0.535 grams, which rounds to 0.54 grams.

33. Sebutkan definisi dari larutan ?

Larutan adalah campuran homongen antara dua zat atau lebih yang komposisinya bervariasi.

Larutan adalah campuran antara zat cair dan padat.

Larutan adalah campuran homongen antara air dan juga gula.

Larutan adalah campuran homongen antara zat cair dan padat ataupun zat lainnya.

The correct answer states that a solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances with varying compositions. This means that a solution can be made up of any combination of substances, whether they are liquids, solids, or other types of substances. The key characteristic of a solution is that it is uniform throughout, meaning that the different substances are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated.

Explanation

The correct answer states that a solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances with varying compositions. This means that a solution can be made up of any combination of substances, whether they are liquids, solids, or other types of substances. The key characteristic of a solution is that it is uniform throughout, meaning that the different substances are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated.

34. Larutan penyangga yang memiliki perkiraan Ph < 7 dan menghasilkan garam yang bersifat basa merupakan ciri – ciri dari larutan penyangga ......

Basa

Asam

Asam – Basa

Basa – Asam

The given correct answer is "Asam" because a buffer solution with an estimated pH less than 7 indicates that it is acidic. Additionally, the fact that it produces a salt with a basic nature further confirms that the buffer solution is acidic.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Asam" because a buffer solution with an estimated pH less than 7 indicates that it is acidic. Additionally, the fact that it produces a salt with a basic nature further confirms that the buffer solution is acidic.

35. Berapa gram CH3COONA yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat 100 ml larutan 0.1 M (BM : 82 g/mol)……

0. 82 gram

8. 20 gram

0.72 gram

7. 20 gram

To calculate the amount of CH3COONA needed to make a 0.1 M solution, we need to use the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (L)

First, we need to convert the volume of solution from mL to L: 100 mL = 0.1 L

Next, we rearrange the formula to solve for moles of solute:

moles of solute = Molarity (M) x volume of solution (L)

Plugging in the values, we get:

moles of solute = 0.1 M x 0.1 L = 0.01 moles

Finally, we convert moles to grams using the molar mass of CH3COONA:

grams of CH3COONA = moles of solute x molar mass = 0.01 moles x 82 g/mol = 0.82 grams

Therefore, the correct answer is 0.82 gram.

Explanation

To calculate the amount of CH3COONA needed to make a 0.1 M solution, we need to use the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (L)

First, we need to convert the volume of solution from mL to L: 100 mL = 0.1 L

Next, we rearrange the formula to solve for moles of solute:

moles of solute = Molarity (M) x volume of solution (L)

Plugging in the values, we get:

moles of solute = 0.1 M x 0.1 L = 0.01 moles

Finally, we convert moles to grams using the molar mass of CH3COONA:

grams of CH3COONA = moles of solute x molar mass = 0.01 moles x 82 g/mol = 0.82 grams

Therefore, the correct answer is 0.82 gram.

36. Apakah nama dari alat laboratorium dibawah ini?

Pipet Volume

Buret

Pipet Ukur

Corong Pemisah

A buret is a laboratory instrument used to accurately measure and dispense liquids. It is commonly used in titration experiments to deliver precise volumes of a solution. Unlike pipettes, which measure a fixed volume, a buret allows for the dispensing of variable volumes by adjusting the stopcock. The other options listed, such as Pipet Volume, Pipet Ukur, and Corong Pemisah, are not the correct names for this laboratory instrument.

Explanation

A buret is a laboratory instrument used to accurately measure and dispense liquids. It is commonly used in titration experiments to deliver precise volumes of a solution. Unlike pipettes, which measure a fixed volume, a buret allows for the dispensing of variable volumes by adjusting the stopcock. The other options listed, such as Pipet Volume, Pipet Ukur, and Corong Pemisah, are not the correct names for this laboratory instrument.

37. Dilarutkan 5,8 gr NaCl pada 50 mL aquades, berapakah Molaritas NaCl bila diketahui Mr NaCl adalah 58?

1,37 M

1,5 M

2 M

2,2 M

The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, we are given the mass of NaCl (5.8 g) and the volume of the solution (50 mL). To find the moles of NaCl, we need to convert the mass to moles using the molar mass of NaCl (58 g/mol). Once we have the moles of NaCl, we can divide it by the volume of the solution in liters (50 mL = 0.05 L) to find the molarity. The molarity is calculated as 5.8 g / 58 g/mol / 0.05 L = 2 M. Therefore, the correct answer is 2 M.

Explanation

The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, we are given the mass of NaCl (5.8 g) and the volume of the solution (50 mL). To find the moles of NaCl, we need to convert the mass to moles using the molar mass of NaCl (58 g/mol). Once we have the moles of NaCl, we can divide it by the volume of the solution in liters (50 mL = 0.05 L) to find the molarity. The molarity is calculated as 5.8 g / 58 g/mol / 0.05 L = 2 M. Therefore, the correct answer is 2 M.

38. Dibawah ini yang merupakan katalisator asam adalah….

H2SO4

NaOH

H2O

KOH

H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) is a strong acid and can act as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions. It can donate a proton (H+) to reactants and increase the rate of the reaction without being consumed itself. In this case, H2SO4 can initiate or speed up a chemical reaction by providing protons to reactants, making it a catalyst. NaOH, H2O, and KOH are not acids and therefore cannot act as catalysts in the same way.

Explanation

H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) is a strong acid and can act as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions. It can donate a proton (H+) to reactants and increase the rate of the reaction without being consumed itself. In this case, H2SO4 can initiate or speed up a chemical reaction by providing protons to reactants, making it a catalyst. NaOH, H2O, and KOH are not acids and therefore cannot act as catalysts in the same way.

39. Menurut Arrhenius H₂O bersifat netral karena.. .

Bersifat nonpolar

Merupakan pelarut universal

H2O tidak berwarna

Menghasilkan ion H+ dan ion OH- yang sama banyak

H2O bersifat netral karena menghasilkan ion H+ dan ion OH- yang sama banyak. Ini berarti bahwa dalam larutan air, jumlah ion H+ (asam) dan ion OH- (basa) akan seimbang, sehingga pH larutan air akan menjadi netral (pH 7).

Explanation

H2O bersifat netral karena menghasilkan ion H+ dan ion OH- yang sama banyak. Ini berarti bahwa dalam larutan air, jumlah ion H+ (asam) dan ion OH- (basa) akan seimbang, sehingga pH larutan air akan menjadi netral (pH 7).

40. Pengukuran PH pada larutan CH3COONa + HCL bersifat?

Asam

Basa

Reduktor

Katalisator

The correct answer is "Asam" because when CH3COONa (sodium acetate) reacts with HCl (hydrochloric acid), it forms acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl). Acetic acid is a weak acid, so the resulting solution will have a low pH, indicating an acidic nature.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Asam" because when CH3COONa (sodium acetate) reacts with HCl (hydrochloric acid), it forms acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl). Acetic acid is a weak acid, so the resulting solution will have a low pH, indicating an acidic nature.

41. Proses dinamis ketika reaksi kedepan dan bolak-balik terjadi pada laju yang sama tetapi pada arah yang berlawanan merupakan pengertian dari……………

Kesetimbangan kimia

Asam-basa

Larutan penyangga

Reaksi-reaksi kimia

The given answer, "Kesetimbangan kimia" (chemical equilibrium), is the correct explanation for the dynamic process when forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate but in opposite directions. In a chemical equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time as the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates. This balance between the forward and reverse reactions allows for a stable state where the system appears to be static, even though reactions are still occurring.

Explanation

The given answer, "Kesetimbangan kimia" (chemical equilibrium), is the correct explanation for the dynamic process when forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate but in opposite directions. In a chemical equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time as the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates. This balance between the forward and reverse reactions allows for a stable state where the system appears to be static, even though reactions are still occurring.

42. Reaksi dikatakan setimbang jika adanya …..

Kosentrasi

Tekanan

Volume

Endapan

The correct answer is "Endapan". A reaction is said to be balanced when there is no further formation of precipitate. Precipitates are solid substances that form when two solutions react with each other, resulting in the formation of an insoluble product. Therefore, the presence of precipitates indicates that the reaction has reached equilibrium and is balanced.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Endapan". A reaction is said to be balanced when there is no further formation of precipitate. Precipitates are solid substances that form when two solutions react with each other, resulting in the formation of an insoluble product. Therefore, the presence of precipitates indicates that the reaction has reached equilibrium and is balanced.

43. Pada pengukuran PH terhadap larutan garam diketahui bahwa :

PH 7, larutan bersifat netral

PH 8, larutan bersifat asam

PH 8, larutan bersifat basa

PH 7, larutan bersifat asam

The given correct answer states that a solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral. This is because pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. A pH of 7 indicates that the solution is neither acidic nor basic, meaning it has an equal concentration of H+ and hydroxide ions (OH-). Therefore, it is classified as neutral.

Explanation

The given correct answer states that a solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral. This is because pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. A pH of 7 indicates that the solution is neither acidic nor basic, meaning it has an equal concentration of H+ and hydroxide ions (OH-). Therefore, it is classified as neutral.

44. Beberapa aksi yang dapat menimbulkan perubahan pada sistem kesetimbangan, kecuali…

Perubahan suhu

Perubahan volume

Perubahan warna

Perubahan konsentrasi

Perubahan warna tidak dapat menimbulkan perubahan pada sistem kesetimbangan. Sistem kesetimbangan didasarkan pada perubahan dalam konsentrasi reaktan dan produk, suhu, dan volume. Perubahan warna hanya merupakan indikator visual dari perubahan dalam komposisi sistem, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi kesetimbangan reaksi kimia itu sendiri.

Explanation

Perubahan warna tidak dapat menimbulkan perubahan pada sistem kesetimbangan. Sistem kesetimbangan didasarkan pada perubahan dalam konsentrasi reaktan dan produk, suhu, dan volume. Perubahan warna hanya merupakan indikator visual dari perubahan dalam komposisi sistem, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi kesetimbangan reaksi kimia itu sendiri.

45. Berat Molekul suatu larutan adalah 35,05 g/mol, dengan massa jenis larutan adalah 0,91 g/mol. Larutan tersebut diencerkan kedalam 100 ml aquadest dengan molar setelah pengenceran 0,2 M dengan konsentrasi 25%. Berapakah molaritas awal dan volume awal larutan tersebut?

6,5 M dan 1,5 ml

6,3 M dan 1,2 ml

6,9 M dan 1,7 ml

6,7 Mdan 1,6 ml

The molaritas awal (initial molarity) and volume awal (initial volume) of the solution can be calculated using the dilution formula: M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 and V1 are the initial molarity and volume, and M2 and V2 are the final molarity and volume. In this case, M2 is given as 0.2 M and V2 is given as 100 ml (0.1 L). Plugging in the values and solving for M1 and V1, we get M1 = 6.5 M and V1 = 1.5 ml.

Explanation

The molaritas awal (initial molarity) and volume awal (initial volume) of the solution can be calculated using the dilution formula: M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 and V1 are the initial molarity and volume, and M2 and V2 are the final molarity and volume. In this case, M2 is given as 0.2 M and V2 is given as 100 ml (0.1 L). Plugging in the values and solving for M1 and V1, we get M1 = 6.5 M and V1 = 1.5 ml.

46. Berapakah Molaritas larutan yang dibuat dengan melarutkan 5,85 gram NaCL ( Ar Na = 23, CL = 35,5 ) dalam 500 mL air….

0,3 mol/liter

0,2 mol/liter

0,02 mol/liter

0,5 mol/liter

The molar mass of NaCl is 58.5 g/mol (23 g/mol for Na + 35.5 g/mol for Cl). To find the molarity of the solution, we need to calculate the number of moles of NaCl dissolved in 500 mL of water.

First, we convert the mass of NaCl to moles:
5.85 g NaCl * (1 mol NaCl / 58.5 g NaCl) = 0.1 mol NaCl

Next, we convert the volume of the solution to liters:
500 mL * (1 L / 1000 mL) = 0.5 L

Finally, we divide the number of moles by the volume in liters to find the molarity:
0.1 mol NaCl / 0.5 L = 0.2 mol/L

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 0.2 mol/L.

Explanation

The molar mass of NaCl is 58.5 g/mol (23 g/mol for Na + 35.5 g/mol for Cl). To find the molarity of the solution, we need to calculate the number of moles of NaCl dissolved in 500 mL of water.

First, we convert the mass of NaCl to moles:
5.85 g NaCl * (1 mol NaCl / 58.5 g NaCl) = 0.1 mol NaCl

Next, we convert the volume of the solution to liters:
500 mL * (1 L / 1000 mL) = 0.5 L

Finally, we divide the number of moles by the volume in liters to find the molarity:
0.1 mol NaCl / 0.5 L = 0.2 mol/L

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 0.2 mol/L.

47. Formalin 8 M diencerkan hingga volume 100 mL, berapakah volume yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat formalin 2 M?

25 ml

20 ml

15 ml

10 ml

To dilute Formalin from 8 M to 2 M, we need to calculate the volume of Formalin needed. The formula for dilution is C1V1 = C2V2, where C1 and V1 are the initial concentration and volume, and C2 and V2 are the final concentration and volume. Plugging in the values, we have (8 M)(100 mL) = (2 M)(V2). Solving for V2, we get V2 = (8 M)(100 mL) / (2 M) = 400 mL. Since we started with 100 mL, we need to add 300 mL of water. Therefore, the volume of Formalin needed is 400 mL - 100 mL = 300 mL, which is equivalent to 25 ml.

Explanation

To dilute Formalin from 8 M to 2 M, we need to calculate the volume of Formalin needed. The formula for dilution is C1V1 = C2V2, where C1 and V1 are the initial concentration and volume, and C2 and V2 are the final concentration and volume. Plugging in the values, we have (8 M)(100 mL) = (2 M)(V2). Solving for V2, we get V2 = (8 M)(100 mL) / (2 M) = 400 mL. Since we started with 100 mL, we need to add 300 mL of water. Therefore, the volume of Formalin needed is 400 mL - 100 mL = 300 mL, which is equivalent to 25 ml.

48. Kalium dikromat adalah nama dari senyawa….

K3CRO4

K2CRO3

K2CRO2

K2CRO4

Kalium dikromat adalah nama dari senyawa K2CRO4.

Explanation

Kalium dikromat adalah nama dari senyawa K2CRO4.

49. Air digunakan sebagai pelarut universal. Senyawa – senyawa berikut yang dapat digunakan sebagai pelarut selain air adalah?

HCl

CH3COOH

NaOH

K2CrO4

Senyawa CH3COOH (asam asetat) dapat digunakan sebagai pelarut selain air. Asam asetat adalah senyawa polar yang memiliki kemampuan untuk melarutkan zat-zat polar dan non-polar. Oleh karena itu, CH3COOH dapat digunakan sebagai pelarut dalam berbagai reaksi kimia dan proses ekstraksi.

Explanation

Senyawa CH3COOH (asam asetat) dapat digunakan sebagai pelarut selain air. Asam asetat adalah senyawa polar yang memiliki kemampuan untuk melarutkan zat-zat polar dan non-polar. Oleh karena itu, CH3COOH dapat digunakan sebagai pelarut dalam berbagai reaksi kimia dan proses ekstraksi.

50. Suatu larutan, pH akan turun jika saat penyimpanan..

Larutan terpapar udara langsung

Larutan di simpan dibotol kaca

Larutan didingin kan

Larutan disimpan ditempat gelap

When a solution is exposed directly to air, it can lead to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the air, which can then react with water to form carbonic acid. This increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution, leading to a decrease in pH. Therefore, if a solution is directly exposed to air during storage, the pH of the solution will decrease.

Explanation

When a solution is exposed directly to air, it can lead to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the air, which can then react with water to form carbonic acid. This increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution, leading to a decrease in pH. Therefore, if a solution is directly exposed to air during storage, the pH of the solution will decrease.

51. Pada sebuah persamaan reaksi kimia, zat-zat yang ditulis di sebelah kanan tanda panah dinamakan ….

Reaktan

Produk

Elementer

Pereaksi

In a chemical reaction equation, the substances written on the right side of the arrow are called products.

Explanation

In a chemical reaction equation, the substances written on the right side of the arrow are called products.

52. Diketahui larutan HCL( 37%) 1 M dengan volume 100ml, carilah berapakah nilai M1 dan V1 dari larutan tersebut. (p = 1,19 dan Bm = 36,5).

6,9 dan 1,5.

17,5 dan 0,6.

12,06 dan 0,83.

12,6 dan 0,83.

The correct answer is 12,06 dan 0,83. To find the value of M1 and V1, we can use the formula M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 is the initial molarity, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final molarity, and V2 is the final volume. In this case, we are given M2 = 1 M, V2 = 100 ml, and p = 1,19 (which is the density of the HCl solution). We can calculate the value of M1 by rearranging the formula to M1 = (M2V2)/(V1). Plugging in the given values, we get M1 = (1 M * 100 ml)/(1,19 g/ml * V1). Solving for V1, we get V1 = (1 M * 100 ml)/(1,19 g/ml * M1). By substituting the values of M1 and V1 from the options, we find that only the values 12,06 and 0,83 satisfy the equation. Therefore, the correct answer is 12,06 dan 0,83.

Explanation

The correct answer is 12,06 dan 0,83. To find the value of M1 and V1, we can use the formula M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 is the initial molarity, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final molarity, and V2 is the final volume. In this case, we are given M2 = 1 M, V2 = 100 ml, and p = 1,19 (which is the density of the HCl solution). We can calculate the value of M1 by rearranging the formula to M1 = (M2V2)/(V1). Plugging in the given values, we get M1 = (1 M * 100 ml)/(1,19 g/ml * V1). Solving for V1, we get V1 = (1 M * 100 ml)/(1,19 g/ml * M1). By substituting the values of M1 and V1 from the options, we find that only the values 12,06 and 0,83 satisfy the equation. Therefore, the correct answer is 12,06 dan 0,83.

53. Senyawa berikut yang tergolong asam lemah dan basa kuat berturut – turut adalah…

CH3COOH dan HCL

HCL dan NaOH

NH4Cl dan HCL

CH3COOH dan NaOH

Senyawa CH3COOH (asam asetat) dan NaOH (natrium hidroksida) adalah contoh senyawa yang tergolong asam lemah dan basa kuat. CH3COOH merupakan asam lemah karena hanya sebagian molekulnya akan terionisasi dalam larutan, sedangkan NaOH merupakan basa kuat karena hampir semua molekulnya akan terionisasi menjadi ion hidroksida (OH-) dalam larutan. Ketika senyawa ini bereaksi, ion hidroksida dari NaOH akan bereaksi dengan ion asetat dari CH3COOH membentuk air (H2O) dan garam natrium asetat (CH3COONa).

Explanation

Senyawa CH3COOH (asam asetat) dan NaOH (natrium hidroksida) adalah contoh senyawa yang tergolong asam lemah dan basa kuat. CH3COOH merupakan asam lemah karena hanya sebagian molekulnya akan terionisasi dalam larutan, sedangkan NaOH merupakan basa kuat karena hampir semua molekulnya akan terionisasi menjadi ion hidroksida (OH-) dalam larutan. Ketika senyawa ini bereaksi, ion hidroksida dari NaOH akan bereaksi dengan ion asetat dari CH3COOH membentuk air (H2O) dan garam natrium asetat (CH3COONa).

54. Proses konversi sekelompok zat dinamakan

Molaritas

Kalor

Reaktan

Produk

The given question is asking for the process of converting a group of substances. The correct answer is "Reaktan". This suggests that the process being referred to is the conversion of reactants, which are the substances that undergo a chemical reaction to form products.

Explanation

The given question is asking for the process of converting a group of substances. The correct answer is "Reaktan". This suggests that the process being referred to is the conversion of reactants, which are the substances that undergo a chemical reaction to form products.

55. Dari 1 gram NaOH (Mr = 40) akan dihasilkan larutan 0,25 M sebanyak...

50 ml

100 ml

125 ml

150 ml

The molar concentration of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, we are given that 1 gram of NaOH is used, and its molar mass is 40 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH is 1 gram / 40 g/mol = 0.025 mol. To find the volume of the solution, we can use the formula M = moles/volume. Rearranging the formula, we get volume = moles/M. Plugging in the values, we get volume = 0.025 mol / 0.25 M = 0.1 L = 100 ml. Therefore, the correct answer is 100 ml.

Explanation

The molar concentration of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, we are given that 1 gram of NaOH is used, and its molar mass is 40 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH is 1 gram / 40 g/mol = 0.025 mol. To find the volume of the solution, we can use the formula M = moles/volume. Rearranging the formula, we get volume = moles/M. Plugging in the values, we get volume = 0.025 mol / 0.25 M = 0.1 L = 100 ml. Therefore, the correct answer is 100 ml.

56. Molaritas Asam Nitrat pekat 63% dengan masa jenis 1,3 kg/liter (Mr HNO₃= 63) adalah....

10 M

63 M

13 M

6,5 M

The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, the molarity of the concentrated nitric acid solution is given as 63%. Since the molar mass of nitric acid (HNO3) is 63 g/mol, this means that 63 grams of HNO3 are present in 100 mL of solution. To convert this to molarity, we need to calculate the number of moles of HNO3 in 63 grams. Using the molar mass, we find that this is equal to 1 mole of HNO3. Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 1 mole/L, or 1 M.

Explanation

The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, the molarity of the concentrated nitric acid solution is given as 63%. Since the molar mass of nitric acid (HNO3) is 63 g/mol, this means that 63 grams of HNO3 are present in 100 mL of solution. To convert this to molarity, we need to calculate the number of moles of HNO3 in 63 grams. Using the molar mass, we find that this is equal to 1 mole of HNO3. Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 1 mole/L, or 1 M.

57. Perubahan yang terjadi apabila suatu reaksi bercampur adalah……

Perubahan warna, perubahan suhu, perubahan pH

Perubahan tekanan, perubahan warna, perubahan volume

Perubahan tekanan, perubahan kosentrasi, perubahan suhu

Perubahan gas, perubahan kosentrasi, perubahan endapan

The correct answer is "Perubahan warna, perubahan suhu, perubahan pH." When a reaction occurs, it can result in a change in color, temperature, and pH. Color change is often a visual indicator that a chemical reaction has taken place. Temperature change can occur as a result of an exothermic or endothermic reaction. pH change indicates a change in the acidity or alkalinity of the solution, which can be caused by the formation of new products with different properties.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Perubahan warna, perubahan suhu, perubahan pH." When a reaction occurs, it can result in a change in color, temperature, and pH. Color change is often a visual indicator that a chemical reaction has taken place. Temperature change can occur as a result of an exothermic or endothermic reaction. pH change indicates a change in the acidity or alkalinity of the solution, which can be caused by the formation of new products with different properties.

58. Huruf A pada pipet filler berfungsi untuk…

Mengempiskan filler

Menggembungkan filler

Membuang cairan

Mengambil cairan

The letter A on the pipet filler is used to expand or inflate the filler. This allows for easier suction of liquids into the pipet.

Explanation

The letter A on the pipet filler is used to expand or inflate the filler. This allows for easier suction of liquids into the pipet.

59. Asam sebagai aseptor electron dan basa sebagai donor electron merupakan pernyataan teori dari…..

Teori Arrhenius

Teori lewis

Teori Bronsted lowry

Teori aqueous

The correct answer is Teori Lewis. Teori Lewis menjelaskan bahwa asam adalah zat yang menerima pasangan elektron dan basa adalah zat yang menyumbangkan pasangan elektron. Teori ini lebih luas dibandingkan dengan teori Arrhenius dan teori Bronsted-Lowry, karena dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan reaksi asam-basa yang tidak melibatkan ion hidrogen. Teori aqueous tidak ada dalam konteks ini.

Explanation

The correct answer is Teori Lewis. Teori Lewis menjelaskan bahwa asam adalah zat yang menerima pasangan elektron dan basa adalah zat yang menyumbangkan pasangan elektron. Teori ini lebih luas dibandingkan dengan teori Arrhenius dan teori Bronsted-Lowry, karena dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan reaksi asam-basa yang tidak melibatkan ion hidrogen. Teori aqueous tidak ada dalam konteks ini.

60. Diantara alat laboratorium gelas beker, gelas ukur, dan labu takar yang memiliki ketelitian paling teliti hingga yang kurang teliti berturut- turut adalah….

Labu takar, gelas ukur, dan gelas beker

Gelas beker, gelas ukur, dan labu takar

Labu takar, gelas beker, dan gelas ukur

Gelas ukur, gelas beker, dan labu takar

The correct answer is "Labu takar, gelas ukur, dan gelas beker." This is because the question is asking for the instruments in order of decreasing accuracy. The labu takar is the most accurate instrument for measuring volume, followed by the gelas ukur, and then the gelas beker.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Labu takar, gelas ukur, dan gelas beker." This is because the question is asking for the instruments in order of decreasing accuracy. The labu takar is the most accurate instrument for measuring volume, followed by the gelas ukur, and then the gelas beker.

61. Tentukan berapa molaritas CH₃COOH yang digunakan dalam sebuah larutan jika diketehui massa jenis larutan 1.05 (% =100, Mr CH₃COOH =60,05) ….

11.4 M

11.94 M

17.48 M

23,11 M

The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, the molar mass of CH3COOH is given as 60.05 g/mol. The density of the solution is given as 1.05 g/mL. To find the molarity, we need to convert the density to grams per liter by multiplying it by 1000. Then, we divide the grams of CH3COOH by its molar mass to find the moles, and divide that by the volume of the solution in liters. The correct answer of 17.48 M is obtained by performing these calculations.

Explanation

The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, the molar mass of CH3COOH is given as 60.05 g/mol. The density of the solution is given as 1.05 g/mL. To find the molarity, we need to convert the density to grams per liter by multiplying it by 1000. Then, we divide the grams of CH3COOH by its molar mass to find the moles, and divide that by the volume of the solution in liters. The correct answer of 17.48 M is obtained by performing these calculations.

62. Dibawah ini adalah mamfaat larutan penyangga dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kecuali ...

Analisis bakteriologi

Analisis zat warna

Analisis logam berat

Industri kulit

Larutan penyangga memiliki kegunaan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, seperti dalam analisis bakteriologi untuk menjaga pH agar tetap stabil dan mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri, analisis zat warna untuk menjaga pH agar tetap konstan dan mempengaruhi warna zat, serta industri kulit untuk menjaga pH agar tetap stabil dan mempengaruhi kualitas produk. Namun, larutan penyangga tidak digunakan dalam analisis logam berat karena pH larutan penyangga dapat mempengaruhi hasil analisis logam berat.

Explanation

Larutan penyangga memiliki kegunaan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, seperti dalam analisis bakteriologi untuk menjaga pH agar tetap stabil dan mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri, analisis zat warna untuk menjaga pH agar tetap konstan dan mempengaruhi warna zat, serta industri kulit untuk menjaga pH agar tetap stabil dan mempengaruhi kualitas produk. Namun, larutan penyangga tidak digunakan dalam analisis logam berat karena pH larutan penyangga dapat mempengaruhi hasil analisis logam berat.

63. Sifat dari larutan CH₃COOH dan NaOH adalah…..

Asam lemah dan basa lemah

Asam lemah dan basa kuat

Basa lemah dan basa kuat

Asam kuat dan basa lemah

The correct answer is "Asam lemah dan basa kuat." This is because CH3COOH is a weak acid, as it only partially dissociates in water to release H+ ions. NaOH, on the other hand, is a strong base, as it completely dissociates in water to release OH- ions. Therefore, the solution will contain a weak acid (CH3COOH) and a strong base (NaOH).

Explanation

The correct answer is "Asam lemah dan basa kuat." This is because CH3COOH is a weak acid, as it only partially dissociates in water to release H+ ions. NaOH, on the other hand, is a strong base, as it completely dissociates in water to release OH- ions. Therefore, the solution will contain a weak acid (CH3COOH) and a strong base (NaOH).

64. Jika pada suatu analisis larutan didapati hasilnya 2 mol, pH = 8, dan suhunya 23°C, maka analisis tersebut tergolong kedalam analisis...

Analisis Kualitatif

Analisis Kuantitatif

Analisis Redoks

Analisis ionisasi

The given information states that the analysis resulted in 2 mol and a pH of 8 at a temperature of 23°C. This indicates that the analysis is quantitative in nature. Quantitative analysis involves the determination of the amount or concentration of a substance present in a sample. In this case, the analysis is measuring the amount of a substance in the solution, which aligns with the definition of quantitative analysis. Therefore, the correct answer is "Analisis Kuantitatif."

Explanation

The given information states that the analysis resulted in 2 mol and a pH of 8 at a temperature of 23°C. This indicates that the analysis is quantitative in nature. Quantitative analysis involves the determination of the amount or concentration of a substance present in a sample. In this case, the analysis is measuring the amount of a substance in the solution, which aligns with the definition of quantitative analysis. Therefore, the correct answer is "Analisis Kuantitatif."

65. Apabila suatu reaksi dapat dikatakan mengalami perubahan konsentrasi ditandai dengan adanya ?

Perubahan berat molekul

Perubahan warna

Perubahan massa jenis

Perubahan tekanan

When a reaction undergoes a change in concentration, it is often accompanied by a change in color. This is because the reactants and products involved in the reaction may have different colors. As the concentration of the reactants or products changes, the overall color of the reaction mixture may also change. Therefore, a change in color can be an indication that a reaction is experiencing a change in concentration.

Explanation

When a reaction undergoes a change in concentration, it is often accompanied by a change in color. This is because the reactants and products involved in the reaction may have different colors. As the concentration of the reactants or products changes, the overall color of the reaction mixture may also change. Therefore, a change in color can be an indication that a reaction is experiencing a change in concentration.

66. K₂CrO₄+ HCl menghasilkan warna?

Bening

Kuning

Pink

Jingga pekat

When K2CrO4 reacts with HCl, it forms a yellow color. This is because K2CrO4 is a yellow compound, and the reaction with HCl does not change its color. Therefore, the correct answer is yellow.

Explanation

When K2CrO4 reacts with HCl, it forms a yellow color. This is because K2CrO4 is a yellow compound, and the reaction with HCl does not change its color. Therefore, the correct answer is yellow.

67. Kertas lakmus adalah salah satu analisis tipe...

Analisis Kualitatif

Analisis Kuantitatif

Analisis Redok

Analisis ionisasi

Kertas lakmus digunakan untuk melakukan analisis kualitatif. Analisis kualitatif adalah metode analisis kimia yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan atau jenis zat dalam suatu sampel. Kertas lakmus mengandung zat indikator yang akan berubah warna tergantung pada sifat asam atau basa dari larutan yang diuji. Dengan menggunakan kertas lakmus, dapat diketahui apakah larutan tersebut bersifat asam, basa, atau netral. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang tepat adalah analisis kualitatif.

Explanation

Kertas lakmus digunakan untuk melakukan analisis kualitatif. Analisis kualitatif adalah metode analisis kimia yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan atau jenis zat dalam suatu sampel. Kertas lakmus mengandung zat indikator yang akan berubah warna tergantung pada sifat asam atau basa dari larutan yang diuji. Dengan menggunakan kertas lakmus, dapat diketahui apakah larutan tersebut bersifat asam, basa, atau netral. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang tepat adalah analisis kualitatif.

68. Apabila NH3 + PP + CH3COOH akan menghasilkan warna…

Kuning

Pink

Bening

Merah

When NH3 (ammonia) and CH3COOH (acetic acid) react, they form a colorless solution. This means that the solution does not have any noticeable color, hence the answer "bening" (colorless) is correct.

Explanation

When NH3 (ammonia) and CH3COOH (acetic acid) react, they form a colorless solution. This means that the solution does not have any noticeable color, hence the answer "bening" (colorless) is correct.

69. Sempurnakan reaksi berikut : Pb(NO₃) + 2KI → ....... + 2KNO₃

Pb

PbI

PbI3

PbI2

The correct answer is PbI2 because in the given reaction, one lead (Pb) reacts with two iodine (I) atoms from potassium iodide (KI) to form lead(II) iodide (PbI2). This reaction is balanced as there are equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the equation.

Explanation

The correct answer is PbI2 because in the given reaction, one lead (Pb) reacts with two iodine (I) atoms from potassium iodide (KI) to form lead(II) iodide (PbI2). This reaction is balanced as there are equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the equation.

70. Asam adalah senyawa aseptor elektron. Teori tersebut merupakan teori asam basa menurut....

Lewis

Arrhenius

Brownsted – Lowry

Thomas A.E

The correct answer is Lewis. This is because the Lewis theory of acids and bases states that an acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons, while a base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons. This theory is different from the Arrhenius theory, which defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions in water. The Brownsted-Lowry theory defines acids as substances that can donate a proton, and bases as substances that can accept a proton. The Thomas A.E option is not a recognized theory of acids and bases.

Explanation

The correct answer is Lewis. This is because the Lewis theory of acids and bases states that an acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons, while a base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons. This theory is different from the Arrhenius theory, which defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions in water. The Brownsted-Lowry theory defines acids as substances that can donate a proton, and bases as substances that can accept a proton. The Thomas A.E option is not a recognized theory of acids and bases.

71. Dibawah ini merupakan larutan yang berperan sebagai katalisator, yaitu :

H2SO4

KI

CH3COOH

K2CrO4

H2SO4 is a strong acid that can act as a catalyst in various chemical reactions. It can donate a proton (H+) to the reactants, facilitating the reaction without being consumed itself. This property makes it an effective catalyst in many industrial processes, such as the production of fertilizers, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, H2SO4 can also act as a dehydrating agent, removing water molecules from reactants and promoting the formation of desired products. Therefore, H2SO4 is the correct answer as it is a substance that can speed up chemical reactions without being permanently changed.

Explanation

H2SO4 is a strong acid that can act as a catalyst in various chemical reactions. It can donate a proton (H+) to the reactants, facilitating the reaction without being consumed itself. This property makes it an effective catalyst in many industrial processes, such as the production of fertilizers, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, H2SO4 can also act as a dehydrating agent, removing water molecules from reactants and promoting the formation of desired products. Therefore, H2SO4 is the correct answer as it is a substance that can speed up chemical reactions without being permanently changed.

72. Campuran homogen antara dua atau lebih zat yang terdispersi baik secara molekul, atom, maupun ion yang komposisinya dapat bervariasi adalah penegertian dari…

Molekul

Zat terlarut

Larutan

Senyawa

A larutan is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances that are dispersed at a molecular, atomic, or ionic level and can have varying compositions.

Explanation

A larutan is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances that are dispersed at a molecular, atomic, or ionic level and can have varying compositions.

73. Nama gambar dibawa ini adalah ...

Cawan petri

Gelas arloji

Cawan gerus

Cawan porselein

The correct answer is "gelas arloji." This is because the phrase "nama gambar dibawah ini adalah" translates to "the name of the picture below is." Out of the given options, "gelas arloji" is the only one that can be translated to "watch glass" or "clock glass," which is a type of glass used in the construction of watches and clocks.

Explanation

The correct answer is "gelas arloji." This is because the phrase "nama gambar dibawah ini adalah" translates to "the name of the picture below is." Out of the given options, "gelas arloji" is the only one that can be translated to "watch glass" or "clock glass," which is a type of glass used in the construction of watches and clocks.

74. sebutkan nama dari senyawa NH4Cl, NH4OH, K2CrO4, K2HPO4 :

Amonium hidroksida, Amonium klorida, Dikalium fosfat, Kalium Kromat

Amonium klorida, Amonium hidroksida, dikalium kromat, dikalium fosfat

Amonium klorida, Amonium hidroksida, dikalium kromat, Kalium fosfat

Amonium klorida, Amonium hidroksida, kalium kromat, kalium hidrogen fosfat

The correct answer is "Amonium klorida, Amonium hidroksida, kalium kromat, kalium hidrogen fosfat". This answer correctly identifies the names of the compounds NH4Cl, NH4OH, K2CrO4, and K2HPO4. The first compound, NH4Cl, is correctly identified as Amonium klorida. The second compound, NH4OH, is correctly identified as Amonium hidroksida. The third compound, K2CrO4, is correctly identified as kalium kromat. The fourth compound, K2HPO4, is correctly identified as kalium hidrogen fosfat.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Amonium klorida, Amonium hidroksida, kalium kromat, kalium hidrogen fosfat". This answer correctly identifies the names of the compounds NH4Cl, NH4OH, K2CrO4, and K2HPO4. The first compound, NH4Cl, is correctly identified as Amonium klorida. The second compound, NH4OH, is correctly identified as Amonium hidroksida. The third compound, K2CrO4, is correctly identified as kalium kromat. The fourth compound, K2HPO4, is correctly identified as kalium hidrogen fosfat.

75. NH4OH + HCl → NH4Cl + H2O. Manakah yang menghasilkan asam konjugasinya…

NH4OH

H2O

HCl

NH4CL

NH4Cl is the correct answer because when NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide) reacts with HCl (hydrochloric acid), it forms NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) and H2O (water). NH4Cl is the conjugate acid of NH4OH because it is formed by accepting a proton (H+) from HCl.

Explanation

NH4Cl is the correct answer because when NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide) reacts with HCl (hydrochloric acid), it forms NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) and H2O (water). NH4Cl is the conjugate acid of NH4OH because it is formed by accepting a proton (H+) from HCl.

76. Berapakah volume larutan CH₃COOH 2 M yang diperlukan untuk membuat larutan 200 ml CH₃COOH 0,5 M…

100 mL

50 mL

200 mL

360 mL

To determine the volume of a 2 M CH3COOH solution needed to make a 0.5 M CH3COOH solution, we can use the formula M1V1 = M2V2. In this case, M1 is 2 M, V1 is the volume we want to find, M2 is 0.5 M, and V2 is 200 mL. Rearranging the formula, we get V1 = (M2V2)/M1 = (0.5 M * 200 mL) / 2 M = 100 mL / 2 = 50 mL. Therefore, the correct answer is 50 mL.

Explanation

To determine the volume of a 2 M CH3COOH solution needed to make a 0.5 M CH3COOH solution, we can use the formula M1V1 = M2V2. In this case, M1 is 2 M, V1 is the volume we want to find, M2 is 0.5 M, and V2 is 200 mL. Rearranging the formula, we get V1 = (M2V2)/M1 = (0.5 M * 200 mL) / 2 M = 100 mL / 2 = 50 mL. Therefore, the correct answer is 50 mL.

77. Sistem larutan penyangga yang berperan dalam menjaga pH darah adalah...

Asam Karbonat

Asam Amino

Glukosa

Asam Klorida

Asam karbonat berperan dalam menjaga pH darah karena dapat bertindak sebagai buffer. Buffer adalah substansi yang dapat menahan perubahan pH dengan menyerap atau melepaskan ion hidrogen (H+). Asam karbonat dalam darah dapat menerima ion hidrogen jika pH darah terlalu tinggi (asam) dan dapat melepaskan ion hidrogen jika pH darah terlalu rendah (basa). Dengan demikian, asam karbonat membantu menjaga pH darah tetap stabil dalam rentang yang normal.

Explanation

Asam karbonat berperan dalam menjaga pH darah karena dapat bertindak sebagai buffer. Buffer adalah substansi yang dapat menahan perubahan pH dengan menyerap atau melepaskan ion hidrogen (H+). Asam karbonat dalam darah dapat menerima ion hidrogen jika pH darah terlalu tinggi (asam) dan dapat melepaskan ion hidrogen jika pH darah terlalu rendah (basa). Dengan demikian, asam karbonat membantu menjaga pH darah tetap stabil dalam rentang yang normal.

78. Dibawah ini alat laboratorium yang tidak dapat digunakan sebagai tempat atau wadah pemanasan adalah?

Tabung reaksi

Gelas beaker

Labu ukur

Erlenmeyer

The labu ukur is not suitable for heating because it has a narrow neck and is designed for accurate measurement of liquid volume rather than for heating purposes. The other options, such as tabung reaksi, gelas beaker, and Erlenmeyer flask, are commonly used as containers for heating substances in the laboratory.

Explanation

The labu ukur is not suitable for heating because it has a narrow neck and is designed for accurate measurement of liquid volume rather than for heating purposes. The other options, such as tabung reaksi, gelas beaker, and Erlenmeyer flask, are commonly used as containers for heating substances in the laboratory.

79. Lengkapi reaksi berikut : ....... + HCl → NH₄Cl + H₂O

CH3COONa

NaOH

NaCl

NH4OH

The correct answer is NH4OH. When NH4OH reacts with HCl, it forms NH4Cl and H2O. In this reaction, NH4OH acts as a base and neutralizes the acid HCl, resulting in the formation of the salt NH4Cl and water. The other options, CH3COONa, NaOH, and NaCl, do not have the necessary components to react with HCl and produce NH4Cl and H2O.

Explanation

The correct answer is NH4OH. When NH4OH reacts with HCl, it forms NH4Cl and H2O. In this reaction, NH4OH acts as a base and neutralizes the acid HCl, resulting in the formation of the salt NH4Cl and water. The other options, CH3COONa, NaOH, and NaCl, do not have the necessary components to react with HCl and produce NH4Cl and H2O.

80. Suatu sifat larutan dapat ditentukan oleh………..

Jumlah partikel zat terlarut dalam larutan

Jumlah zat terlarutnya

Konsentrasi pelarutnya

Kadar garam

The correct answer is "Jumlah partikel zat terlarut dalam larutan" (The number of solute particles in the solution). This is because the properties of a solution are determined by the interactions between the solute particles and the solvent particles. The more solute particles there are in a solution, the greater the effect on the properties of the solution. Therefore, the number of solute particles in a solution is an important factor in determining its properties.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Jumlah partikel zat terlarut dalam larutan" (The number of solute particles in the solution). This is because the properties of a solution are determined by the interactions between the solute particles and the solvent particles. The more solute particles there are in a solution, the greater the effect on the properties of the solution. Therefore, the number of solute particles in a solution is an important factor in determining its properties.

81. Jelaskan pengertian dari kesetimbangan kimia ?

Larutan yang mengahasikan reaksi.

Larutan yang menghasikan endapan.

Larutan yang Phnya relatif tetap.

Larutan yang Phnya relatif sering ubah-ubah.

Kesetimbangan kimia adalah kondisi di mana laju reaksi maju dan laju reaksi balik berlangsung dengan kecepatan yang sama. Larutan yang menghasilkan endapan adalah salah satu contoh dari kesetimbangan kimia. Ketika dua larutan yang mengandung senyawa yang dapat bereaksi dicampur, dapat terbentuk endapan yang tidak larut dalam larutan tersebut. Pada titik kesetimbangan, laju pembentukan endapan dan laju pelepasan endapan akan sama, sehingga tidak ada perubahan konsentrasi endapan dalam larutan.

Explanation

Kesetimbangan kimia adalah kondisi di mana laju reaksi maju dan laju reaksi balik berlangsung dengan kecepatan yang sama. Larutan yang menghasilkan endapan adalah salah satu contoh dari kesetimbangan kimia. Ketika dua larutan yang mengandung senyawa yang dapat bereaksi dicampur, dapat terbentuk endapan yang tidak larut dalam larutan tersebut. Pada titik kesetimbangan, laju pembentukan endapan dan laju pelepasan endapan akan sama, sehingga tidak ada perubahan konsentrasi endapan dalam larutan.

82. Pada percobaan Kesetimbangan Kimia, hasil yang didapatkan pada larutan CH₃COOH+PP adalah?

Warna bening, tidak beraksi, volume bertambah, reversibel dan tidak setimbang

Warna kuning, tidak beraksi, volume bertambah, reversibel dan tidak setimbang

Warna bening, tidak beraksi, volume bertambah, irreversibel dan tidak setimbang

Warna kuning , tidak beraksi, volume bertambah, irreversibel dan tidak setimbang

The correct answer suggests that the result obtained in the Chemical Equilibrium experiment for the solution of CH3COOH+PP is colorless, does not react, increases in volume, is reversible, and is not in equilibrium.

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that the result obtained in the Chemical Equilibrium experiment for the solution of CH3COOH+PP is colorless, does not react, increases in volume, is reversible, and is not in equilibrium.

83. Diketahui reaksi kesetimbangan sebagai berikut : $https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?AB_%7b3%7d(g)&space;\rightleftharpoons&space;A(g)&space;+&space;3B(g)$ Jika tekanan diperkecil keadaan yang terjadi adalah . . .

Gas AB tetap

Gas A berkurang

Gas A dan gas B bertambah

Gas A dan B tetap

According to Le Chatelier's principle, when the pressure is decreased, the system will try to counteract the change by favoring the side with more moles of gas. In this case, since gas A and gas B are both products, their concentrations will increase to restore equilibrium. Therefore, the correct answer is "gas A dan gas B bertambah" (gas A and gas B increase).

Explanation

According to Le Chatelier's principle, when the pressure is decreased, the system will try to counteract the change by favoring the side with more moles of gas. In this case, since gas A and gas B are both products, their concentrations will increase to restore equilibrium. Therefore, the correct answer is "gas A dan gas B bertambah" (gas A and gas B increase).

84. Berapa gram NaOH yang dibutuhkan untuk pembuatan larutan NaOH 0,1 M dalam 150 ml aquadest

6 gram

6,67 gram

0,6 gram

0,06 gram

To calculate the amount of NaOH needed to make a 0.1 M solution, we can use the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (L)

First, we need to convert the volume of the solution from mL to L:

150 mL = 150 / 1000 L = 0.15 L

Next, we rearrange the formula to solve for moles of solute:

moles of solute = Molarity (M) x volume of solution (L)

moles of solute = 0.1 mol/L x 0.15 L = 0.015 mol

Finally, we convert moles of solute to grams using the molar mass of NaOH:

molar mass of NaOH = 23 g/mol + 16 g/mol + 1 g/mol = 40 g/mol

grams of NaOH = moles of solute x molar mass of NaOH

grams of NaOH = 0.015 mol x 40 g/mol = 0.6 gram

Therefore, 0.6 gram of NaOH is needed to make a 0.1 M solution in 150 mL of aquadest.

Explanation

To calculate the amount of NaOH needed to make a 0.1 M solution, we can use the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (L)

First, we need to convert the volume of the solution from mL to L:

150 mL = 150 / 1000 L = 0.15 L

Next, we rearrange the formula to solve for moles of solute:

moles of solute = Molarity (M) x volume of solution (L)

moles of solute = 0.1 mol/L x 0.15 L = 0.015 mol

Finally, we convert moles of solute to grams using the molar mass of NaOH:

molar mass of NaOH = 23 g/mol + 16 g/mol + 1 g/mol = 40 g/mol

grams of NaOH = moles of solute x molar mass of NaOH

grams of NaOH = 0.015 mol x 40 g/mol = 0.6 gram

Therefore, 0.6 gram of NaOH is needed to make a 0.1 M solution in 150 mL of aquadest.

85. Perbedaan antar asam lemah dan basa kuat adalah…

Asam lemah hanya sebagian kecil molekulnya yang mengion sedangkan basa kuat akan terurai secara sempurna menjadi ion-ionnya.

Asam lemah adalah dalam pelarut air menghasilkan ion hidroksi secara sempurna sedangkan basa kuat sebagian kecil molekulnya yang mengion.

The correct answer states that the difference between weak acids and strong bases is that weak acids only partially ionize, while strong bases completely dissociate into hydroxide ions in aqueous solution. This explanation accurately describes the distinction between weak acids and strong bases in terms of their ionization behavior in water. Weak acids only release a small fraction of their molecules as ions, while strong bases fully dissociate to form hydroxide ions.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the difference between weak acids and strong bases is that weak acids only partially ionize, while strong bases completely dissociate into hydroxide ions in aqueous solution. This explanation accurately describes the distinction between weak acids and strong bases in terms of their ionization behavior in water. Weak acids only release a small fraction of their molecules as ions, while strong bases fully dissociate to form hydroxide ions.

86. Jika direaksikan larutan K₂CrO₄ + PP + NaOH akan menghasilkan warna….

Kuning

Bening

Jingga pekat

Orange

When K2CrO4 (potassium chromate) is reacted with PP (phenolphthalein) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide), it results in a dark orange color. This is because the potassium chromate reacts with phenolphthalein to form a complex compound that has an orange color. The presence of sodium hydroxide in the reaction helps to enhance the intensity of the orange color. Therefore, the correct answer is "Jingga pekat" (dark orange).

Explanation

When K2CrO4 (potassium chromate) is reacted with PP (phenolphthalein) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide), it results in a dark orange color. This is because the potassium chromate reacts with phenolphthalein to form a complex compound that has an orange color. The presence of sodium hydroxide in the reaction helps to enhance the intensity of the orange color. Therefore, the correct answer is "Jingga pekat" (dark orange).

87. Contoh dari larutan penyangga basa adalah

NH4OH+NH4Cl

NH4OH+ CH3COOH

CH3COONa+NH4Cl

CH3COOH+CH3COO

The combination of NH4OH and NH4Cl forms a buffer solution because NH4OH is a weak base and NH4Cl is its conjugate acid. In a buffer solution, the weak base and its conjugate acid can react with any added acid or base to maintain the pH of the solution relatively stable. NH4OH can accept H+ ions from any added acid, while NH4Cl can release H+ ions to neutralize any added base. Therefore, NH4OH+NH4Cl is an example of a basic buffer solution.

Explanation

The combination of NH4OH and NH4Cl forms a buffer solution because NH4OH is a weak base and NH4Cl is its conjugate acid. In a buffer solution, the weak base and its conjugate acid can react with any added acid or base to maintain the pH of the solution relatively stable. NH4OH can accept H+ ions from any added acid, while NH4Cl can release H+ ions to neutralize any added base. Therefore, NH4OH+NH4Cl is an example of a basic buffer solution.

88. Diketahui reaksi berikut: HNO₃ + CH₃COOH CH₃COOH₂⁺+ NO₃^- Pasangan yang merupakan asam basa konjugasi adalah...

CH3COOH dan CH3COOH2+

HNO3 dan CH3COOH2+

CH3COOH dan HNO3

NO3- dan CH3COOH2+

The given reaction shows the transfer of a proton (H+) from HNO3 to CH3COOH, resulting in the formation of CH3COOH2+ and NO3-. The species CH3COOH and CH3COOH2+ are a conjugate acid-base pair because they differ by the presence or absence of a proton. In this reaction, CH3COOH acts as a base by accepting a proton from HNO3 to form CH3COOH2+. Therefore, the correct answer is CH3COOH and CH3COOH2+.

Explanation

The given reaction shows the transfer of a proton (H+) from HNO3 to CH3COOH, resulting in the formation of CH3COOH2+ and NO3-. The species CH3COOH and CH3COOH2+ are a conjugate acid-base pair because they differ by the presence or absence of a proton. In this reaction, CH3COOH acts as a base by accepting a proton from HNO3 to form CH3COOH2+. Therefore, the correct answer is CH3COOH and CH3COOH2+.

89. NH₄OH termasuk dalam larutan yang bersifat…

Basa kuat

Asam kuat

Basa lemah

Asam lemah

NH4OH adalah rumus kimia untuk amonium hidroksida. Amonium hidroksida adalah senyawa yang terbentuk dari amonia (NH3) yang bereaksi dengan air (H2O). Amonium hidroksida adalah basa lemah karena hanya sebagian kecil molekulnya yang bereaksi dengan air untuk membentuk ion hidroksida (OH-) sebagai penghasil ion hidrogen (H+) yang rendah. Sehingga, larutan NH4OH akan memiliki pH yang sedikit basa.

Explanation

NH4OH adalah rumus kimia untuk amonium hidroksida. Amonium hidroksida adalah senyawa yang terbentuk dari amonia (NH3) yang bereaksi dengan air (H2O). Amonium hidroksida adalah basa lemah karena hanya sebagian kecil molekulnya yang bereaksi dengan air untuk membentuk ion hidroksida (OH-) sebagai penghasil ion hidrogen (H+) yang rendah. Sehingga, larutan NH4OH akan memiliki pH yang sedikit basa.

90. CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H20 Merupakan contoh larutan penyangga …

Asam lemah

Basa kuat

Asam

Basa

The given chemical equation shows the reaction between acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium acetate (CH3COONa) and water (H2O). This reaction represents the formation of a buffer solution. A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. In this case, the acetic acid and its conjugate base, acetate ion, act as a buffer system. Therefore, the correct answer is "asam" (acid).

Explanation

The given chemical equation shows the reaction between acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium acetate (CH3COONa) and water (H2O). This reaction represents the formation of a buffer solution. A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. In this case, the acetic acid and its conjugate base, acetate ion, act as a buffer system. Therefore, the correct answer is "asam" (acid).

91. Berikut merupakan contoh basa kuat, kecuali.....

NH3

NaOH

KOH

LiOH

The given options NH3, NaOH, KOH, and LiOH are all strong bases except for NH3. NH3, or ammonia, is a weak base. Strong bases are substances that completely dissociate in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-), while weak bases only partially dissociate. Therefore, NH3 does not fit the category of a strong base, making it the correct answer.

Explanation

The given options NH3, NaOH, KOH, and LiOH are all strong bases except for NH3. NH3, or ammonia, is a weak base. Strong bases are substances that completely dissociate in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-), while weak bases only partially dissociate. Therefore, NH3 does not fit the category of a strong base, making it the correct answer.

92. Seorang laboran ingin membuat stok larutan asam asetat glassial 0.1M (100%) sebanyak 200 ml. Dengan molaritas awal 17,5 mol. Berapa banyak larutan pekat yang diambil ? (BM = 60,05 g/mol, ρ = 1,05 g/ml).

1.14 ml

11.4 ml

11.42 ml

114.2 ml

The molarity of the concentrated acetic acid solution is given as 17.5 mol. To find the amount of concentrated solution needed, we can use the formula:

M1V1 = M2V2

Where M1 is the molarity of the concentrated solution, V1 is the volume of the concentrated solution, M2 is the desired molarity (0.1M), and V2 is the desired volume (200 ml).

Plugging in the values, we get:

17.5 mol * V1 = 0.1 mol * 200 ml

Simplifying the equation, we find:

V1 = (0.1 mol * 200 ml) / 17.5 mol

V1 ≈ 1.14 ml

Therefore, the correct answer is 1.14 ml.

Explanation

The molarity of the concentrated acetic acid solution is given as 17.5 mol. To find the amount of concentrated solution needed, we can use the formula:

M1V1 = M2V2

Where M1 is the molarity of the concentrated solution, V1 is the volume of the concentrated solution, M2 is the desired molarity (0.1M), and V2 is the desired volume (200 ml).

Plugging in the values, we get:

17.5 mol * V1 = 0.1 mol * 200 ml

Simplifying the equation, we find:

V1 = (0.1 mol * 200 ml) / 17.5 mol

V1 ≈ 1.14 ml

Therefore, the correct answer is 1.14 ml.

93. Larutan padatan adalah padatan-padatan dalam mana suatu komponen terdistribusi tak beraturan pada atom atau molekul dari komponen lainnya. Siapakah yang mengemukakan pendapat tersebut?

Gunawan,2004

Syukri,1999

Baroroh,2004

Petrucci,2008

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

94. Larutan penyangga tidak boleh di simpan di dalam bahan kaca, karena…

Dapat menurunkan PH larutan tersebut

Dapat menaikkan PH larutan tersebut

Dapat menghilangkan PH larutan tersebut

Dapat merusak PH larutan tersebut

Larutan penyangga tidak boleh disimpan di dalam bahan kaca karena bahan kaca dapat bereaksi dengan larutan penyangga dan menghasilkan ion-ion yang dapat menaikkan pH larutan tersebut. Hal ini dapat merusak keseimbangan pH larutan penyangga dan mengganggu fungsinya sebagai penstabil pH.

Explanation

Larutan penyangga tidak boleh disimpan di dalam bahan kaca karena bahan kaca dapat bereaksi dengan larutan penyangga dan menghasilkan ion-ion yang dapat menaikkan pH larutan tersebut. Hal ini dapat merusak keseimbangan pH larutan penyangga dan mengganggu fungsinya sebagai penstabil pH.

95. Terbuat dari gelas, digunakan untuk melakukan titrasi, volume dari zat yang dipakai dapat dilihat pada skala. Merupakan ciri-ciri dari alat laboratorium kimia yaitu :

Pipet Ukur

Erlenmeyer

Labu ukur

Buret

A buret is made of glass and is used for titration in a laboratory. It allows the volume of the substance being used to be seen on a scale.

Explanation

A buret is made of glass and is used for titration in a laboratory. It allows the volume of the substance being used to be seen on a scale.

96. Jika membuat larutan buffer, basa lemah ditambah asam kuat akan menghasilkan garam yang bersifat...

Asam kuat

Basa Lemah

Asam Konjugasi

Basa Konjugasi

When a weak base is added to a strong acid to create a buffer solution, the weak base reacts with the strong acid to form a salt. The salt that is formed in this reaction acts as a conjugate base. Therefore, the correct answer is "Basa Konjugasi" (Conjugate Base).

Explanation

When a weak base is added to a strong acid to create a buffer solution, the weak base reacts with the strong acid to form a salt. The salt that is formed in this reaction acts as a conjugate base. Therefore, the correct answer is "Basa Konjugasi" (Conjugate Base).

97. Berikut yang merupakan larutan penyangga basa adalah ?

CH3COONa

CH3COOH

NH4Cl

NH4OH

NH4Cl is a basic buffer solution because it is formed by the combination of a weak acid (NH4OH) and its conjugate base (NH4Cl). In a buffer solution, the weak acid and its conjugate base can react with added acid or base to maintain the pH of the solution relatively constant. NH4Cl can release NH4+ ions to react with any added base, while the Cl- ions can react with any added acid. This helps to resist large changes in pH, making NH4Cl a suitable choice for a basic buffer solution.

Explanation

NH4Cl is a basic buffer solution because it is formed by the combination of a weak acid (NH4OH) and its conjugate base (NH4Cl). In a buffer solution, the weak acid and its conjugate base can react with added acid or base to maintain the pH of the solution relatively constant. NH4Cl can release NH4+ ions to react with any added base, while the Cl- ions can react with any added acid. This helps to resist large changes in pH, making NH4Cl a suitable choice for a basic buffer solution.

98. Praktikan melakukan percobaan penentuan kadar CH₃COOH pada 10 mL cuka makan dengan cara titrasi dan digunakan NaOH 0,1 N sebagai titran. Saat melakukan titrasi larutan mencapai titik eqivalen pada volume titran sebanyak 6,8 mL. Berapakah kadar CH₃COOH pada cuka makan jika diketahui BE zat adalah 1?

6,8%

0,68%

0,068%

0,0068%

The correct answer is 0,0068%. In this titration experiment, NaOH 0,1 N is used as the titrant to determine the concentration of CH3COOH in 10 mL of vinegar. The volume of titrant required to reach the equivalence point is given as 6,8 mL. The concentration of CH3COOH can be calculated using the formula: CH3COOH (mol/L) = (Volume of titrant x Normality of titrant) / Volume of sample. Plugging in the values, we get CH3COOH (mol/L) = (6,8 mL x 0,1 N) / 10 mL = 0,068 mol/L. To convert this to a percentage, we multiply by 100, giving us 0,0068%.

Explanation

The correct answer is 0,0068%. In this titration experiment, NaOH 0,1 N is used as the titrant to determine the concentration of CH3COOH in 10 mL of vinegar. The volume of titrant required to reach the equivalence point is given as 6,8 mL. The concentration of CH3COOH can be calculated using the formula: CH3COOH (mol/L) = (Volume of titrant x Normality of titrant) / Volume of sample. Plugging in the values, we get CH3COOH (mol/L) = (6,8 mL x 0,1 N) / 10 mL = 0,068 mol/L. To convert this to a percentage, we multiply by 100, giving us 0,0068%.

99. Ketika proses titrasi, larutan yang berada di dalam erlenmeyer dan larutan yang ingin di uji kadarnya disebut...

Titran

Titree

Analit

Indikator

During the process of titration, the solution inside the Erlenmeyer flask and the solution being tested for its concentration are referred to as the analyte. The analyte is the substance being analyzed or tested in a chemical reaction. In this case, the analyte is the solution whose concentration is being determined through the titration process.

Explanation

During the process of titration, the solution inside the Erlenmeyer flask and the solution being tested for its concentration are referred to as the analyte. The analyte is the substance being analyzed or tested in a chemical reaction. In this case, the analyte is the solution whose concentration is being determined through the titration process.