Mem Chapter No. 4

Brass is an alloy made by combining copper and zinc. It is a widely used alloy due to its desirable properties such as high corrosion resistance, low friction, and excellent conductivity. The addition of zinc to copper gives brass its unique characteristics and makes it suitable for various applications, including musical instruments, plumbing fittings, and decorative items.

Hindalium is indeed an alloy of aluminium and magnesium with a small quantity of chromium. This means that option A, which states "Agree," is the correct answer.

Brass is an alloy made by combining copper and zinc. It is a popular metal alloy due to its durability, malleability, and attractive golden color. The amount of copper and zinc can vary, resulting in different types of brass with varying properties. However, the basic composition of brass always includes copper and zinc.

When 1% of tin is added to Muntz metal, it forms naval brass.

An aluminium alloy with 11% silicon is suitable for making engine pistons by die casting technique. The addition of silicon improves the casting properties of the alloy, such as its fluidity and shrinkage resistance, making it ideal for die casting. Additionally, the alloy's high strength and heat resistance make it suitable for the demanding conditions of an engine piston. Therefore, the statement is correct.

Aluminium has low density, which means it is lightweight. The addition of silicon improves its fluidity, making it easier to pour into molds and giving it better flow properties. This improvement in fluidity enhances its castability, making it a suitable material for casting processes.

The addition of manganese to aluminium improves corrosion resistance because manganese forms a protective oxide layer on the surface of the aluminium, which helps to prevent corrosion. This oxide layer acts as a barrier, preventing oxygen and moisture from reaching the underlying aluminium and causing corrosion. Therefore, adding manganese to aluminium enhances its ability to resist corrosion.

Beryllium bronze is a copper alloy that contains a small amount of beryllium. This alloy is known for its high strength and hardness, making it suitable for applications that require high yield point and fatigue limit. The addition of beryllium enhances the mechanical properties of the alloy, resulting in improved strength and fatigue resistance. Therefore, option C is the correct answer as beryllium bronze exhibits both a high yield point and a high fatigue limit.

Brass is an alloy that is made up of copper and zinc. This combination of metals gives brass its unique properties, such as its yellowish color and its ability to be easily shaped and molded. Copper provides the base for the alloy, while zinc is added to enhance its strength and durability.

Age hardening is a process used to increase the strength and hardness of certain alloys, such as duralumin. Duralumin is an aluminum alloy that contains small amounts of copper, magnesium, and manganese. During age hardening, the alloy is heated to a specific temperature and then rapidly cooled. This causes the formation of fine precipitates within the alloy, which strengthen the material. Therefore, age hardening is specifically related to duralumin and not the other options given (brass, copper, or silver).

Both cold rolling and deep drawing are suitable cold working operations for brass. Cold rolling involves passing the brass through a pair of rollers to reduce its thickness and increase its strength. Deep drawing, on the other hand, involves stretching a sheet of brass over a die to form a desired shape. Both of these operations can be performed on brass without causing it to crack or fracture, making them suitable choices for cold working this material.

Aluminium bronze is a type of bronze alloy that has a fine gold color. It is commonly used for imitation jewelry because of its resemblance to gold. Silicon bronze, gun metal, and babbit metal do not have the same gold color and are not typically used for imitation jewelry.

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Aluminium bronze is a type of bronze alloy that has a fine gold color. It is commonly used for imitation jewelry because of its resemblance to gold. Silicon bronze, gun metal, and babbit metal do not have the same gold color and are not typically used for imitation jewelry.

Aluminium bronze is an alloy of copper and aluminium, which has a high resistance to corrosion. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Bronze is an alloy made from copper and tin. It is a popular material for making statues, tools, and musical instruments due to its strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion. The addition of tin to copper gives bronze its unique properties, making it suitable for various applications throughout history.

Magnalium is an alloy that is composed of aluminum and magnesium. It does not contain copper. Bronze, brass, and bell metal all contain copper as one of their main components. Therefore, the correct answer is Magnalium.

A bearing material should not possess the characteristic of high coefficient of friction because a high coefficient of friction would result in increased resistance and heat generation, leading to wear and damage of the bearing. A low coefficient of friction is desirable as it allows for smooth and efficient movement of the bearing, reducing frictional losses and improving the overall performance and lifespan of the bearing.

Copper when alloyed with zinc is known as brass. Brass is a yellowish alloy made by combining copper and zinc in varying proportions. It is a commonly used material in the manufacturing industry due to its desirable properties such as low friction, excellent electrical conductivity, and resistance to corrosion. Brass is used in a wide range of applications including musical instruments, plumbing fittings, decorative items, and electrical connectors.

White metal is an alloy that is commonly used in bearings and bushings. It is known for its low friction and excellent wear resistance. The correct answer, A. Lead and bismuth, is accurate because white metal is typically made by combining lead and bismuth. Lead provides the base for the alloy while bismuth is added to improve the alloy's properties, such as reducing the melting point and increasing the fluidity during casting.

Y-alloy contains 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium, and iron, and the rest is aluminum.

A solder is a metal alloy used to join two or more metal surfaces together. The most common type of solder consists of lead and tin. Lead provides the solder with its softness and ability to melt at a low temperature, while tin improves its strength and durability. This combination of lead and tin creates a solder that is easy to work with and provides a strong bond between metal surfaces.

Babbit metal is a type of alloy used for bearings and other machinery components. The correct answer, option C, states that Babbit metal contains 88% tin, 4% copper, and 8% antimony. This composition provides the desired properties for Babbit metal, including low friction, high load-bearing capacity, and resistance to wear and corrosion. Tin provides the base material, while copper improves the strength and antimony enhances the hardness and stability of the alloy.

Alpha brass is a substitutional solid solution because it is a solid solution of zinc in copper. In this type of solid solution, the atoms of the solute (zinc) replace some of the atoms of the solvent (copper) in the crystal lattice. This results in a homogeneous mixture with the solute atoms occupying the lattice sites of the solvent.

Copper alloys are known for their high electrical and thermal conductivity, making them ideal for applications in electrical wiring and heat exchangers. However, they are not known for their high strength compared to other metals like steel or titanium. Copper alloys are typically softer and more malleable, which makes them easier to shape and form but also limits their strength. Therefore, high strength is not a property of copper alloys.

The addition of sulphur improves machining of copper.

Cartridge brass is a type of brass alloy that is commonly used in the manufacturing of ammunition casings. It is composed of 70% copper (Cu) and 30% zinc (Zn). This composition provides the necessary strength and durability required for cartridge casings while still maintaining good corrosion resistance. The high copper content also allows for good thermal and electrical conductivity, which is important in certain applications.

White metal is the most suitable metal for bearings subjected to heavy loads. It has excellent load-bearing properties and can withstand high pressure and friction. White metal is often used in heavy machinery and industrial applications where there is a need for durable and reliable bearings. It has low friction and good resistance to wear, making it an ideal choice for heavy load-bearing applications.

Duralumin is a type of aluminum alloy that is commonly used in the aerospace industry. It is known for its strength and lightness, but it is not lighter than pure aluminum. In fact, duralumin is slightly denser than pure aluminum. Therefore, statement D is incorrect.

Gun metal is an alloy made of copper, tin, and zinc. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of firearms, hence the name "gun metal." The addition of tin and zinc to copper improves the strength and hardness of the alloy, making it suitable for applications that require durability and resistance to corrosion. Gun metal is also known for its attractive dark gray color, which adds to its aesthetic appeal in decorative items and jewelry.

The major constituent of phosphor bronze is copper. Phosphor bronze is an alloy of copper with a small amount of phosphorus, which gives it improved strength and corrosion resistance. Zinc, lead, aluminium, and phosphorous are not the major constituents of phosphor bronze.

Cartidge brass can undergo different manufacturing processes such as cold rolling, drawing, or forming to be transformed into sheets, wires, or tubes. Therefore, the correct answer is D. any one of these.

Constantan is an alloy that is composed of copper and nickel.

Admirality gun metal is an alloy that is primarily composed of copper. The correct answer, D, states that Admirality gun metal contains 88% copper, 10% tin, and 2% zinc. This composition suggests that the alloy has a high copper content, which is consistent with the properties of Admirality gun metal. The addition of tin and zinc may provide additional strength and corrosion resistance to the alloy.

Beryllium bronze is an alloy that contains a high percentage of copper and a small percentage of beryllium. The correct answer, C, states that beryllium bronze contains 97.75% copper and 2.25% beryllium. This composition is consistent with the typical composition of beryllium bronze, which is known for its high strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance.

Muntz metal, also known as yellow brass, is an alloy that consists of 60% copper and 40% zinc. This composition gives the metal its characteristic yellow color and makes it suitable for applications that require good corrosion resistance and low friction.

Monel metal is an alloy that is composed of nickel and copper. This combination of metals gives Monel metal its unique properties, such as resistance to corrosion and high strength. Nickel provides the alloy with excellent resistance to various corrosive environments, while copper contributes to its strength and durability. Therefore, the correct answer is A. nickel and copper.

Admirality metal is the correct answer because it is an alloy primarily composed of copper, zinc, and small amounts of other metals. When this alloy cools from its molten state to solid state, it undergoes a significant amount of shrinkage due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of its constituent metals. This makes Admirality metal shrink more than the other options listed.

The presence of lead in brass improves its machining properties. Lead acts as a lubricant during the machining process, reducing friction and heat generation. This allows for smoother and more efficient cutting, shaping, and drilling of the brass material.

Silicon bronze is an alloy that is primarily composed of copper. The correct answer states that silicon bronze contains 96% copper, 3% silicon, and 1% manganese. This composition indicates that the alloy is mostly copper, with small amounts of silicon and manganese added.

Babbit metal is a tin-base alloy.

Tin base white metals are used in bearings where there is large surface wear. This is because tin base white metals have good anti-friction properties and can withstand high levels of wear and tear. They provide a smooth surface for the bearing to rotate on, reducing friction and preventing damage to the bearing. Therefore, they are ideal for applications where there is a lot of surface wear, such as heavy machinery or industrial equipment.

Fusible plugs for boilers are safety devices that are designed to melt and release a liquid or gas in order to prevent the boiler from exploding in the event of overheating. The most commonly used materials for fusible plugs are bismuth, lead, and tin. These metals have low melting points, allowing them to melt easily when the temperature of the boiler exceeds a certain threshold. Once melted, the plug releases the liquid or gas, which helps to cool down the boiler and prevent any further damage or explosion.

Hindalium is an aluminium alloy that is commonly used for anodized utensil manufacture. Anodizing is an electrochemical process that creates a protective layer on the surface of the aluminium, increasing its resistance to corrosion and improving its durability. Hindalium is specifically designed to have the necessary properties for this process, making it an ideal choice for anodized utensil manufacture.

Duralumin is an aluminum alloy that contains copper, magnesium, manganese, and aluminum. The correct answer states that Duralumin contains 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese, and the remaining percentage is aluminum. This composition is consistent with the properties and characteristics of Duralumin, which is known for its high strength, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance.

Manganese bronze is known for its high resistance to corrosion. This makes it a suitable material for applications where it may come into contact with corrosive substances or environments. It is able to withstand corrosion and maintain its structural integrity, making it a durable and long-lasting material choice.

Babbit metal is an alloy that is commonly used as a bearing material. It is known for its low friction and excellent wear resistance. The correct answer, A. Tin, antimony, and copper, is the composition of Babbit metal. Tin is the main component, while antimony and copper are added to improve the hardness and strength of the alloy. This combination of metals creates a material that is ideal for applications where low friction and high durability are required, such as in engine bearings.

Duralumin does not have better strength than Y-alloy at high temperatures. The correct answer is false.

When nickel is added to copper, it improves the hardness of the copper. Nickel is known to have a higher hardness than copper, so when it is added to copper, it increases the overall hardness of the alloy. This can be beneficial in applications where hardness is important, such as in the manufacturing of tools or machinery parts that require durability and resistance to wear and tear.

Bronze is an alloy made up of copper, zinc, and tin.