RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a type of computer memory that is used to store data that is being actively used by the computer's operating system, applications, and processes. Unlike the hard drive, which is used for long-term storage, RAM provides faster access to data, allowing the computer to retrieve and process information quickly. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) relies on RAM to temporarily store data and instructions to carry out tasks. Therefore, RAM is an essential component in determining the overall performance and speed of a computer system.