Bio 224 Lecture 02 Quiz

The foregut receives arterial supply from the celiac artery. The celiac artery is a major branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the organs in the upper abdomen, including the stomach, liver, spleen, and part of the small intestine. The superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the midgut, the hepatic portal artery carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver, and the inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the hindgut. However, none of these arteries directly supply blood to the foregut.

The Greater Omentum is a fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach and covers the intestines. It is attached to the transverse colon, which is the portion of the large intestine that runs horizontally across the abdomen. Therefore, the structure that adheres to the Greater Omentum's deep surface is the transverse colon.

The jejunum is not a component of the foregut. The foregut refers to the part of the digestive system that includes the stomach, duodenum (the first part of the small intestine), and the gall bladder. The jejunum, on the other hand, is part of the midgut, which follows the foregut in the digestive system.

The ascending colon is not a component of the hindgut. The hindgut refers to the last part of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. The ascending colon is part of the foregut, which is the initial section of the gastrointestinal tract. It is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the digested food before it moves into the hindgut for further processing and elimination.

The parasympathetic supply to the hindgut is from the S2-S4 spinal nerves. These nerves innervate the hindgut, which includes the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. The parasympathetic system is responsible for promoting digestion and relaxation of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the S2-S4 spinal nerves play a crucial role in regulating the functions of the hindgut.

The foregut is the only section of the gut that retains the ventral mesentery. The ventral mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that attaches the stomach and liver to the anterior abdominal wall. It also forms the lesser omentum, which connects the stomach and liver. In contrast, the midgut and hindgut do not retain the ventral mesentery.

The hepatic portal vein is responsible for carrying blood from the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and spleen to the liver. Its main tributaries include the inferior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and superior mesenteric vein. These veins drain blood from different organs and deliver it to the liver for processing. However, the inferior vena cava is not a tributary of the hepatic portal vein. The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart.

The correct answer is Omental foramen. The omental foramen is the opening located between the liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach. It allows for passage into the internal space formed by the folding of the Greater Omentum, which is a large fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach. The omental foramen is an important anatomical structure in the abdominal cavity.

The ventral mesentery eventually turns into the Falciform ligament and lesser omentum.

The structure that prevents the acidic contents of the stomach from moving upward into the esophagus is called the cardiac sphincter. It is found towards the cranial end of the stomach.

The pancreas is not a component of the Midgut. The Midgut refers to the middle section of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the small intestine, appendix, and ascending colon. The pancreas, on the other hand, is an accessory organ located near the small intestine and is responsible for producing digestive enzymes and insulin.

The sympathetic innervation of the midgut is provided by the Lesser Splanchnic nerve. This nerve carries sympathetic fibers from the thoracic sympathetic ganglia to the midgut region. The Greater Splanchnic nerve carries sympathetic fibers to the foregut, while the Vagus nerve (X) provides parasympathetic innervation to the midgut. The Superior Mesenteric nerve is not involved in the sympathetic innervation of the midgut.

The total rotation of the midgut is 270 degrees counterclockwise. This means that the midgut rotates in the opposite direction of clockwise, turning towards the left.

The hepatoduodenal ligament corresponds to the Lesser Omentum and consists of the hepatic portal vein.

The transverse colon is not a retroperitoneal structure. The retroperitoneal space is located behind the peritoneum, which is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. Retroperitoneal structures are organs or structures that are located outside the peritoneal cavity. The descending colon, pancreas, and duodenum are all retroperitoneal structures.