Bio 224 Lecture 02 Quiz

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Bio 224 Lecture 02 Quiz - Quiz

Questions and Answers
  • 1. 

    Which section of the gut is the only one to retain ventral mesentary?

    • A.

      Foregut

    • B.

      Midgut

    • C.

      Hindgut

    • D.

      Option 4

    Correct Answer
    A. Foregut
    Explanation
    The foregut is the only section of the gut that retains the ventral mesentery. The ventral mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that attaches the stomach and liver to the anterior abdominal wall. It also forms the lesser omentum, which connects the stomach and liver. In contrast, the midgut and hindgut do not retain the ventral mesentery.

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  • 2. 

    All of th following are components of the foregut, EXCEPT:

    • A.

      Stomach

    • B.

      Duodenum

    • C.

      Jejunum

    • D.

      Gall bladder

    Correct Answer
    C. Jejunum
    Explanation
    The jejunum is not a component of the foregut. The foregut refers to the part of the digestive system that includes the stomach, duodenum (the first part of the small intestine), and the gall bladder. The jejunum, on the other hand, is part of the midgut, which follows the foregut in the digestive system.

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  • 3. 

    The foregut receives arterial supply from which of the following:

    • A.

      Superior Mesenteric A.

    • B.

      Hepatic portal A.

    • C.

      Celiac A.

    • D.

      Inferior Mesenteric A.

    Correct Answer
    C. Celiac A.
    Explanation
    The foregut receives arterial supply from the celiac artery. The celiac artery is a major branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the organs in the upper abdomen, including the stomach, liver, spleen, and part of the small intestine. The superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the midgut, the hepatic portal artery carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver, and the inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the hindgut. However, none of these arteries directly supply blood to the foregut.

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  • 4. 

    Eventually, the ventral mesentary turns into:

    • A.

      The greater and lesser omentum

    • B.

      The Falciform ligament and lesser omentum

    • C.

      Hepatic Diverticulum

    • D.

      The Falciform ligament and greater omentum

    Correct Answer
    B. The Falciform ligament and lesser omentum
    Explanation
    The ventral mesentery eventually turns into the Falciform ligament and lesser omentum.

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  • 5. 

    Found towards the cranial end of the stomach,  what is the name of this structure that prevents the acidic contents of the stomach from moving upward into the esophagus?

    • A.

      Gastric sphincter

    • B.

      Pyloric sphincter

    • C.

      Cardiac sphincter

    • D.

      Ventral sphincter

    Correct Answer
    C. Cardiac sphincter
    Explanation
    The structure that prevents the acidic contents of the stomach from moving upward into the esophagus is called the cardiac sphincter. It is found towards the cranial end of the stomach.

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  • 6. 

    Which structure adheres to the Greater  Omentum’s deep surface?

    • A.

      Transverse colon

    • B.

      Ascending colon

    • C.

      Sigmoid colon

    • D.

      Descending colon

    Correct Answer
    A. Transverse colon
    Explanation
    The Greater Omentum is a fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach and covers the intestines. It is attached to the transverse colon, which is the portion of the large intestine that runs horizontally across the abdomen. Therefore, the structure that adheres to the Greater Omentum's deep surface is the transverse colon.

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  • 7. 

    Which foramen allows passage into the internal space formed by the folding of the Greater Omentum?

    • A.

      Foramen ovale

    • B.

      Hepatic foramen

    • C.

      Obturator foramen

    • D.

      Omental foramen

    Correct Answer
    D. Omental foramen
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Omental foramen. The omental foramen is the opening located between the liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach. It allows for passage into the internal space formed by the folding of the Greater Omentum, which is a large fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach. The omental foramen is an important anatomical structure in the abdominal cavity.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following corresponds to the  Lesser Omentum and consists of the hepatic  portal vein?

    • A.

      Hepatoduodenal ligament

    • B.

      Hepatogastric ligament

    • C.

      Diverticulum ligament

    • D.

      Omental ligament

    Correct Answer
    A. Hepatoduodenal ligament
    Explanation
    The hepatoduodenal ligament corresponds to the Lesser Omentum and consists of the hepatic portal vein.

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  • 9. 

    All of the following are components of the Midgut, EXCEPT:

    • A.

      Ileum of small intestine

    • B.

      Appendix

    • C.

      Pancreas

    • D.

      Ascending colon

    Correct Answer
    C. Pancreas
    Explanation
    The pancreas is not a component of the Midgut. The Midgut refers to the middle section of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the small intestine, appendix, and ascending colon. The pancreas, on the other hand, is an accessory organ located near the small intestine and is responsible for producing digestive enzymes and insulin.

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  • 10. 

    Sympathetic innervation of the midgut is:

    • A.

      Greater splanchnic nerve

    • B.

      Vagus nerve (X)

    • C.

      Lesser Splanchnic nerve

    • D.

      Superior Mesenteric nerve

    Correct Answer
    C. Lesser Splanchnic nerve
    Explanation
    The sympathetic innervation of the midgut is provided by the Lesser Splanchnic nerve. This nerve carries sympathetic fibers from the thoracic sympathetic ganglia to the midgut region. The Greater Splanchnic nerve carries sympathetic fibers to the foregut, while the Vagus nerve (X) provides parasympathetic innervation to the midgut. The Superior Mesenteric nerve is not involved in the sympathetic innervation of the midgut.

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  • 11. 

    All of the following are secondarily  Retroperitoneal structures, EXCEPT:

    • A.

      Descending colon

    • B.

      Transverse colon

    • C.

      Pancreas

    • D.

      Duodenum

    Correct Answer
    B. Transverse colon
    Explanation
    The transverse colon is not a retroperitoneal structure. The retroperitoneal space is located behind the peritoneum, which is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. Retroperitoneal structures are organs or structures that are located outside the peritoneal cavity. The descending colon, pancreas, and duodenum are all retroperitoneal structures.

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  • 12. 

    The total rotation of the midgut is about how many degrees?

    • A.

      180 degrees clockwise

    • B.

      270 degrees clockwise

    • C.

      180 degrees counterclockwise

    • D.

      270 degrees counterclockwise

    Correct Answer
    D. 270 degrees counterclockwise
    Explanation
    The total rotation of the midgut is 270 degrees counterclockwise. This means that the midgut rotates in the opposite direction of clockwise, turning towards the left.

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  • 13. 

    All of The following are components of the hindgut, EXCEPT:

    • A.

      Descending colon

    • B.

      (Through to) Rectum

    • C.

      Sigmoid colon

    • D.

      Ascending colon

    Correct Answer
    D. Ascending colon
    Explanation
    The ascending colon is not a component of the hindgut. The hindgut refers to the last part of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. The ascending colon is part of the foregut, which is the initial section of the gastrointestinal tract. It is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the digested food before it moves into the hindgut for further processing and elimination.

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  • 14. 

    The parasympathetic supply to the hindgut:

    • A.

      S2-S4

    • B.

      T10-T11(L2)

    • C.

      T5-T9

    • D.

      L2-L4

    Correct Answer
    A. S2-S4
    Explanation
    The parasympathetic supply to the hindgut is from the S2-S4 spinal nerves. These nerves innervate the hindgut, which includes the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. The parasympathetic system is responsible for promoting digestion and relaxation of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the S2-S4 spinal nerves play a crucial role in regulating the functions of the hindgut.

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  • 15. 

    All of the following are the hepatic portal vein’s tributaries, EXCEPT:

    • A.

      Inferior Mesenteric v

    • B.

      Splenic v

    • C.

      Superior Mesenteric v

    • D.

      Inferior vena cava

    Correct Answer
    D. Inferior vena cava
    Explanation
    The hepatic portal vein is responsible for carrying blood from the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and spleen to the liver. Its main tributaries include the inferior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and superior mesenteric vein. These veins drain blood from different organs and deliver it to the liver for processing. However, the inferior vena cava is not a tributary of the hepatic portal vein. The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart.

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