Quiz For Ia Exam

Explanation
The correct answer is "None of the above" because all the options provided (Strings, Lists, and Stacks) are linear data structures. Linear data structures organize and store data elements in a sequential manner, where each element has a unique predecessor and successor. However, the given options do not include any non-linear data structures like trees or graphs, which have a more complex arrangement of elements and relationships.

Explanation
The raw data type can store unstructured data because it does not have any specific format or structure. It allows for the storage of data as it is, without any predefined schema or organization. This makes it suitable for storing data that does not fit into traditional structured formats, such as text documents, images, audio files, or video files.

Explanation
The network layer is responsible for routing and forwarding data packets across different networks. In broadcast networks, data packets are sent to all connected devices, eliminating the need for routing. Therefore, the network layer is not present in broadcast networks.

Explanation
The given IP address, 191.023.21.54, is in the B class because the first octet falls within the range of 128-191. The B class IP addresses have the first two octets reserved for the network portion, and the last two octets for the host portion. The second octet, 023, is a valid octet in the B class. The third and fourth octets, 21 and 54, can represent any value between 0 and 255. Therefore, the given IP address belongs to the B class.

Explanation
Amoeba is an example of a distributed operating system. It is a microkernel-based OS that allows multiple computers to work together as a single system. It provides transparency and fault tolerance by distributing processes and resources across the network. Amoeba also supports dynamic process migration and load balancing, making it suitable for distributed computing environments. Unlike UNIX, MS-DOS, and MULTICS, which are primarily designed for standalone systems, Amoeba is specifically designed for distributed environments.

Explanation
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a high-performance switching and multiplexing technology that utilizes fixed length packets to carry different types of traffic. It is designed to efficiently handle various types of data, such as voice, video, and data, by dividing them into fixed-sized cells. These cells are then switched and multiplexed over the network, ensuring reliable and efficient transmission. ATM has been widely used in telecommunications networks and is known for its ability to provide high-speed and low-latency communication.

Explanation
UNIX treats hardware as a file system. In UNIX, hardware devices such as printers, disks, and terminals are represented as files, and can be accessed and manipulated using the same commands and techniques as regular files. This concept, known as "everything is a file," allows for a unified approach to managing and interacting with both hardware and software components in the operating system. DOS and Windows NT do not treat hardware as a file system, and therefore the correct answer is UNIX.

Explanation
Virtual memory is a feature provided by the operating system that allows the computer to use a portion of the hard disk as an extension of the RAM. This means that even if the program size is larger than the available RAM, it can still be executed by storing some parts of the program in the virtual memory. The operating system manages the swapping of data between the RAM and virtual memory, allowing the program to run smoothly. Therefore, virtual memory enables the execution of programs that exceed the computer's physical memory capacity.

Explanation
The COCOMO model is used for product cost estimation. This model helps in estimating the cost of developing a software product by considering various factors such as the size of the product, the complexity of the project, and the experience level of the development team. It takes into account the effort, time, and resources required for the development process, allowing organizations to plan and budget accordingly.

Explanation
E-commerce involves paperless transactions and usage of EDI(Electronic Data Interchange),
electronic mail, bulletin boards, fax transmission and electronic fund transfers.