Indian Economy On The Eve Of Independence - Quiz 01

Explanation
The correct answer is 1757. The Battle of Plassey, fought in 1757, marked a significant turning point in the establishment of the British Empire in India. It was a decisive victory for the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies. The outcome of the battle allowed the British to gain control over Bengal, leading to their subsequent expansion and dominance in the Indian subcontinent.

Explanation
During colonial rule, the handicraft industry received a major setback. This is because colonial powers often imposed policies that favored their own industries over local handicrafts. They introduced cheap factory-made goods from their own countries, which flooded the market and made it difficult for local artisans to compete. Additionally, colonial powers often exploited local resources and labor, further undermining the handicraft industry. As a result, many traditional crafts and artisans suffered economic decline and loss of livelihood during this period.

Explanation
India's jute industry suffered heavily due to lack of raw materials after partition because the major jute-growing regions like East Bengal (now Bangladesh) went to Pakistan. This resulted in a shortage of raw jute for the Indian jute mills, leading to a decline in production and economic losses for the industry.

Explanation
The correct answer is 1850. During British rule, the introduction of railways in India was a significant development in the country's transportation infrastructure. The first railway line in India was opened in 1853, connecting Bombay (now Mumbai) with Thane. The British government recognized the importance of railways in facilitating trade and administration, as well as in strengthening their control over India. Therefore, the railways were actively promoted and expanded throughout the country during the British colonial period.

Explanation
During the British period, India's foreign trade was heavily restricted to Britain. This was a result of British colonial policies that aimed to exploit India's resources and maximize their own profits. The British implemented various trade regulations and monopolies, which limited India's ability to trade with other countries. As a result, the majority of India's foreign trade was conducted with Britain, further strengthening their economic control over the country.

Explanation
The jute industry was adversely affected due to partition. Partition refers to the division of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947. Jute, a natural fiber used for making sacks, ropes, and textiles, was predominantly produced in the eastern part of India, which became part of Pakistan after partition. As a result, the jute industry faced significant challenges, such as the disruption of supply chains, loss of markets, and political instability. This had a detrimental impact on the jute industry, leading to a decline in production and employment in the sector.

Explanation
During the colonial rule, agriculture was the main source of livelihood for most people. This is because the colonies were primarily agrarian economies, with the majority of the population engaged in farming and related activities. Industries were not as developed during this time, and therefore did not provide as many employment opportunities. Hence, agriculture was the main means of sustenance for the people during the colonial era.

Explanation
The opening of the Suez Canal provided a direct route for ships operating between India and Britain. This canal, which connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, significantly reduced travel time and costs for ships traveling between these two countries. It allowed for easier trade and communication between India and Britain, strengthening their economic and political ties.

Explanation
During the British rule, the development of railways was the most important infrastructure. Railways played a crucial role in connecting different parts of the country, facilitating transportation of goods and people, and promoting trade and economic growth. The construction of railways not only improved communication and connectivity but also contributed to the modernization and industrialization of India. Additionally, railways played a significant role in the British colonial administration, enabling the efficient movement of troops and resources. Therefore, railways were considered the most important infrastructure developed during the British rule.

Explanation
Occupational structure refers to the distribution of the working force among different occupations. It refers to how individuals are employed in various occupations and the proportions of workers in each occupation. This concept helps to understand the composition and diversity of the workforce in terms of the types of jobs people are engaged in. It provides insights into the relative importance of different occupations within a country or region and can be used to analyze employment trends and patterns.