Altfragen Ortho M15 Ss2019

The correct answer is "IPA." The question asks what belongs to elbow joint dysplasia, and the answer given is IPA. However, without further context or information, it is not possible to provide a detailed explanation of what IPA refers to in relation to elbow joint dysplasia.

In the given scenario, the horse is suffering from a closed fracture, poor general condition, and is in shock. The recommended course of action is to apply a provisional bandage to stabilize the fracture temporarily. After that, the patient's condition should be monitored, and once they become more stable, surgery can be performed for a more permanent fix. This approach ensures that immediate stabilization is provided to the horse while also considering the patient's overall condition before proceeding with surgery.

Eine Zerrung ist eine Längsdehnung oder Ruptur von Muskelfasern oder Fasergruppen.

In small dogs, the patella is more likely to dislocate medially (towards the inside) rather than laterally (towards the outside) in grades 1 and 2. Grade 3 patellar luxation is usually clinically inconspicuous, while grade 4 is always associated with a torn cruciate ligament.

The correct answer advises the horse owner to immediately put the horse in a stall and not remove the nail since it is already deeply embedded. The owner should also call a veterinarian right away. This is the appropriate first response because removing the nail without professional guidance could cause further damage or complications. The veterinarian will be able to assess the situation and provide the necessary treatment for the horse's lameness.

The correct answer suggests that the first step should be to conduct an examination of the cattle while they are standing, followed by a lameness examination, and then performing hoof care on the affected animals. This sequence of actions indicates that the situation involves cattle with red interdigital clefts, which is likely caused by an infectious condition. The answer also implies that the farmer should be involved in conducting the hoof examination and waiting for the results.

In juvenile osteomyelitis, the infection primarily affects the metaphysis, which is the growing part of the bone located between the epiphysis (the end of the bone) and the diaphysis (the shaft of the bone). This region is rich in blood supply and contains a high concentration of rapidly dividing cells, making it more susceptible to infection. The infection can spread from the metaphysis to other parts of the bone if left untreated. Therefore, the correct answer is metaphysis.

Fissuren sind nach 10-14 Tagen besser nachweisbar, da osteoklastische Prozesse stattfinden. Dies bedeutet, dass Knochenzellen, die als Osteoklasten bezeichnet werden, alte oder beschädigte Knochengewebe abbauen und den Weg für die Bildung neuer Knochenstrukturen freimachen. Diese Prozesse führen dazu, dass Fissuren im Röntgenbild deutlicher sichtbar werden.

Bei einer eitrigen TBS (Tränensackentzündung) beim Rind wird eine chirurgische Eröffnung und Resektion durchgeführt. Dies bedeutet, dass der betroffene Bereich geöffnet wird, um den Eiter abzulassen und das infizierte Gewebe zu entfernen. Dieser Eingriff ist notwendig, um die Infektion zu behandeln und weitere Komplikationen zu vermeiden. Antibiose allein wäre nicht ausreichend, da der Eiter entfernt werden muss, um die Heilung zu fördern. Das Kleben eines Klotzes wird in diesem Zusammenhang nicht erwähnt und ist daher nicht relevant.

Insulinresistenz ist eine mögliche endokrinologische Ursache für Hufrehe. Insulinresistenz tritt auf, wenn die Körperzellen nicht mehr richtig auf Insulin reagieren und daher nicht in der Lage sind, Glukose aus dem Blut aufzunehmen. Dies führt zu einem erhöhten Blutzuckerspiegel und kann zu Entzündungen und Schäden in den Hufen führen. Insulinresistenz kann durch verschiedene Faktoren wie Übergewicht, genetische Veranlagung oder bestimmte Erkrankungen verursacht werden. Eine genaue Diagnose und Behandlung der Insulinresistenz ist wichtig, um die Entwicklung von Hufrehe zu verhindern oder zu kontrollieren.

The correct answer is FBSS. FBSS stands for Fesselbeugenstrecksehne, which is the flexor tendon in the fetlock region of a horse's leg. A horizontal cut in the fetlock region can potentially affect the FBSS.

In the X-ray of a horse with laminitis, a "schattengebender Fremdkörper" refers to a foreign body that does not cast a shadow on the X-ray image. This means that the X-ray does not show the presence of any foreign objects in the horse's hoof, ruling out the possibility of any foreign body causing or contributing to the condition.

The given information states that the cattle have red interdigital clefts, which is a characteristic symptom of Mortellaro, also known as digital dermatitis. This is a common infectious disease that affects the hooves of cattle, causing painful lesions and lameness. It is caused by bacteria and typically affects the skin between the claws. Therefore, based on the symptoms described, the most likely diagnosis is Mortellaro, Dermatitis digitalis.

The correct answer is M. subscapularis. The subscapularis muscle is part of the rotator cuff in the shoulder of a dog. It is located on the ventral aspect of the scapula and helps to internally rotate the shoulder joint. The teres major muscle is not part of the rotator cuff, but it is involved in adduction and extension of the shoulder. The biceps brachii muscle is not part of the rotator cuff and is responsible for flexion of the elbow joint. The coracoideus muscle is also not part of the rotator cuff and is involved in protraction and stabilization of the scapula.

Der kraniale Schubladentest und der Tibia-Kompressionstest sind Tests, die verwendet werden, um einen kranialen KBR (Kreuzbandriss) nachzuweisen. Beim kranialen Schubladentest wird das vordere Kreuzband auf seine Stabilität geprüft, indem der Untersucher das Schienbein nach vorne zieht und dabei das Kniegelenk leicht beugt. Beim Tibia-Kompressionstest wird Druck auf das Schienbein ausgeübt, um eine Instabilität des vorderen Kreuzbandes festzustellen. Der Ortolani-Test hingegen wird verwendet, um eine Hüftdysplasie bei Säuglingen zu diagnostizieren und hat nichts mit einem kranialen KBR zu tun.

The correct answer is "Gelenkspunktat unter Narkose" because performing a joint aspiration under anesthesia allows for a more thorough examination of the affected joint. It provides the opportunity to collect synovial fluid for analysis, which can help identify the cause of the lameness and determine appropriate treatment. Additionally, performing the procedure under anesthesia ensures that the animal is comfortable and minimizes the risk of further injury or stress.

The correct answer is "Erreger ist Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae" and "geht mit Zerstörung Gelenksknorpel und vermehrter Gewebszubildung einher". This means that the causative agent of Rotlauf is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and the disease is characterized by the destruction of joint cartilage and increased tissue formation.

Im Rahmen einer Hornlücken-Behandlung bei Pododermatitis purulenta profunda (PPP) sollte keine Injektionsnarkose durchgeführt werden. Eine Injektionsnarkose ist nicht erforderlich und kann das Risiko von Komplikationen erhöhen. Stattdessen werden in der Regel andere Behandlungsmethoden wie das Waschen des Hufs, die Entfernung von Hufverwachsungen und gegebenenfalls eine Leitungsanästhesie angewendet, um die Infektion zu behandeln und die Heilung zu fördern.

The correct answer is "Wunde über 1 cm". This answer is chosen because it is the only option that accurately describes the given scenario. The question states that there is a dog with a perforating fracture and a wound injury of 2nd degree. It also specifies that there is no skin injury and a skin injury of 1mm. The only option that corresponds to this information is "Wunde über 1 cm", which translates to "wound over 1 cm".

The correct answer is Reverdin-Naht. The Reverdin-Naht is a type of suture technique used to close surgical wounds in the skin. It involves making small, interrupted stitches along the edges of the wound, which are then tied off individually. In the given scenario, since the question mentions a dog that had a surgery on its spleen, it is likely that the image shows the skin closure after the surgery, and the Reverdin-Naht would be the appropriate technique for this type of procedure.

Arthrose ist eine degenerative Gelenkerkrankung, die durch den Abbau von Knorpelgewebe in den Gelenken verursacht wird. Sie betrifft normalerweise ältere Menschen und kann zu Schmerzen, Steifheit und verminderter Beweglichkeit führen. Im Gegensatz dazu beziehen sich die anderen aufgeführten Optionen auf verschiedene Erkrankungen des Hufes beim Pferd, wie Podotrochlose, akute Hufrehe, Pododermatitis aseptica diffusa und Pododermatitis purulenta superficialis, die alle mit Entzündungen und Infektionen des Hufes verbunden sind. Daher steht Arthrose nicht im Zusammenhang mit einer vermehrten Pulsation der HMF-Arterien.

The correct answer is "Laxizität". The Ortolani test is used to detect hip dysplasia in infants. A positive test result indicates the presence of hip laxity, which means that the hip joint is loose or unstable. This can be a sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), a condition where the hip joint does not develop properly. Therefore, the correct answer is "Laxizität".

The correct answer is N. medianus because the question is asking about which structure passes through the carpal tunnel. The N. medianus, also known as the median nerve, is a major nerve in the upper limb that passes through the carpal tunnel, along with other structures such as tendons and blood vessels. The TBS and OBS mentioned in the options are not relevant to the question and do not pass through the carpal tunnel.

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The correct answer is Craniodorsal. This refers to the direction in which the most common dislocation of a traumatic hip joint dislocation occurs.

The given answer, Calcinosis circumscripta, refers to a condition characterized by the formation of calcium deposits in the soft tissues of the body. In this case, it is specifically referring to a West Highland Terrier dog with a ballenveränderung (ball deformation) visible on an X-ray. Calcinosis circumscripta is a common cause of ballenveränderung in dogs, where the calcium deposits can cause pain and discomfort. This answer is supported by the information provided in the question.

The prognosis for medial compartment syndrome in the elbow in dogs is cautious to poor because of irreversible cartilage damage in the joint. This means that the damage to the cartilage cannot be reversed or repaired, leading to long-term problems and decreased function of the joint.

When applying a bandage, it is important to start from the furthest point of the body (distal) and move towards the nearest point (proximal). This ensures that the bandage is properly secured and provides adequate support to the affected area. Starting from proximal and moving towards distal may not provide the necessary support and could lead to the bandage becoming loose or ineffective. Starting from inside and moving to the outside is not a common practice when applying a bandage and may not provide the desired results.

The correct answer is "offene Wundversorgung, oder Debridement, Naht und Drainage." This means that the appropriate treatment for a dog with a bite wound would be an open wound care, debridement (removal of dead tissue), suturing the wound, and placing a drainage tube if necessary. This approach helps to clean and close the wound, prevent infection, and promote healing.

The correct answer is "Velpeau-Schlinge." This is a type of sling used to immobilize and support a fractured scapula in dogs. It involves wrapping a bandage around the chest and upper limb of the dog, securing the affected limb against the body. This helps to stabilize the fracture and promote healing. The Ehmer Schlinge and Robert-Jones Verband are not specifically used for scapula fractures in dogs.

The correct answer suggests that the first step should be to go through the entire farm, select 2-3 affected piglets, and conduct a general examination. This approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of the entire operation and provides an opportunity to observe and examine specific cases of lameness. By conducting a general examination, the veterinarian can gather information about the overall health and management practices on the farm, which can help in identifying potential causes or risk factors for the lameness issue.

There are three degrees of muscle injury in small animals.

The prominent part of the Achilles tendon in a dog is the M. gastrocnemius. This muscle is located in the calf region of the hind leg and plays a major role in the extension of the hock joint and the flexion of the stifle joint. The Achilles tendon, which is formed by the merging of the M. gastrocnemius and the M. soleus, is responsible for transmitting the force generated by these muscles to the heel bone, allowing for powerful movements such as jumping and running.

Hypoplasie der Trochlea is the correct answer because it refers to the underdevelopment or incomplete formation of the groove in the femur where the patella (kneecap) normally sits. This can lead to a medial luxation of the patella, meaning the kneecap dislocates towards the inside of the leg. This condition is commonly seen in small dog breeds. The other options, Außenrotation der Tibia (external rotation of the tibia), Genum valgum (knock-knees), and Coxa valga (abnormal hip angle), do not directly cause a medial luxation of the patella.

OCD (Osteochondrosis dissecans) ist eine Erkrankung, bei der sich Knorpelstücke im Gelenk ablösen können. In der Regel tritt OCD bei großen Hunden nicht im Karpalgelenk (Handgelenk) und im Zehengelenk auf. OCD tritt häufiger im Ellbogengelenk und Schultergelenk auf. Daher ist die Antwort, dass OCD in der Regel nicht im Karpalgelenk und Zehengelenk von großen Hunden vorkommt.

OCD (osteochondritis dissecans) ist eine Gelenkerkrankung, bei der sich Knorpel und Knochen ablösen. Beim Fohlen findet sich OCD im Krongelenk, Tarsalgelenk und Ellbogengelenk. Die Frage fragt, wo sich OCD NICHT beim Fohlen findet. Daher ist die richtige Antwort "Krongelenk", da OCD auch im Tarsalgelenk und Ellbogengelenk vorkommen kann.

The correct answer is "horizontale Matratzennaht". This type of suture is commonly used for partial muscle or tendon tears. It involves placing stitches in a horizontal pattern, resembling the shape of a mattress. This technique provides good tissue approximation and helps to distribute tension evenly along the wound edges, promoting proper healing. The Sultan'sche Z-Naht, on the other hand, is not commonly used for this specific type of injury.

Stauungsantibiose is not indicated in Hornlücken-OP. Stauungsantibiose refers to the administration of antibiotics to prevent infection in a limb that has been subjected to prolonged stasis or reduced blood flow. In the context of a Hornlücken-OP, which refers to a surgical procedure to correct a hoof defect, there is no indication for stasis or reduced blood flow. Therefore, stauungsantibiose is not necessary in this situation.

The correct answer is "Tendinitis tiefe Beugesehne" because the question mentions that the horse is showing lameness after coming from the pasture and an ultrasound image of the distal metatarsus is taken. Tendinitis refers to inflammation of a tendon, and the deep flexor tendon runs along the back of the metatarsus. Therefore, it is likely that the horse is experiencing inflammation and lameness in the deep flexor tendon.

The cardinal symptom of Achilles tendon rupture in dogs is plantigrade foot placement. This means that the dog is unable to flex its hock joint and walks with its entire foot flat on the ground. This is a significant indicator of Achilles tendon rupture as the normal gait involves the dog walking on its toes. The inability to do so suggests a tear or rupture in the Achilles tendon, which is responsible for connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone.

Eine Desmotomie des Lig. accesorium der TBS beim Fohlen ist indiziert bei einem Bockhuf Grad 2. Dies bedeutet, dass das Fohlen eine moderate Fehlstellung des Hufes aufweist, bei der der Hufwinkel stärker als normal nach vorne abweicht. Durch die Desmotomie des Lig. accesorium kann die Spannung auf das Band reduziert werden, um den Huf in eine korrekte Position zu bringen. Diese Maßnahme ist nicht erforderlich bei einem Sehnenstelzfuß mit Überkötung im Fesselgelenk, einem Bockhuf Grad 1 oder einer Karpalbeugefehlstellung.

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Spirochetes and other anaerobes are considered etiological factors in Mortellaro (Digital Dermatitis). These microorganisms are known to be involved in the development and progression of the disease. They can thrive in anaerobic environments, such as the hoof, and contribute to the inflammatory and infectious processes associated with Mortellaro.

A Robert-Jones bandage is typically applied for injuries distal to the elbow and knee joints. This type of bandage provides firm support and immobilization to the affected area, helping to reduce pain, swelling, and further injury. In the case of fractures of the femur or humerus, a different type of bandage or splint may be more appropriate. For injuries proximal to the elbow and knee joints, a different type of bandage or immobilization technique may be needed to effectively support and immobilize the injured area.

A cast is not indicated for the treatment of tendonitis of the OBS (osteoarthritis of the subacromial bursa). A cast is typically used to immobilize a fracture or a joint, but in the case of tendonitis, it is important to keep the joint mobile and promote controlled movement. Therefore, a cast would not be an appropriate treatment option for this condition.

The correct answer is "Ultraschall des Tarsalgelenkes, Punktion, grobsinnlich, Zytologie und Bak". In cases of suspected septic arthritis, it is important to perform an ultrasound of the affected joint to assess for any fluid accumulation or other abnormalities. A joint aspiration or puncture should then be done to obtain a sample of the synovial fluid for analysis. This fluid can be examined grossly (using the naked eye) to assess for any signs of infection, such as pus or turbidity. Further analysis of the fluid includes cytology (microscopic examination of cells) and bacteriology (culturing the fluid to identify any bacteria present).

The given answer, Grad IV, is the correct answer because it indicates that the Salter Harris fracture in the X-ray image involves the epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis of the femur in a dog. Grad IV fractures are characterized by a fracture line that extends through the epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis, causing displacement and potential growth disturbances. This type of fracture is commonly seen in young animals with active growth plates.

In juvenile dogs, a hematogenous infection (osteomyelitis) manifests in the metaphysis. The metaphysis is the region of the bone located between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphysis (end). This area contains a rich blood supply, making it more susceptible to infections that spread through the bloodstream. The infection in the metaphysis can lead to inflammation and destruction of the bone tissue, causing symptoms such as pain, swelling, and lameness in the affected juvenile dog.

The superficial flexor tendon is not involved in podotrochlosis, which is a condition characterized by inflammation and degeneration of the deep digital flexor tendon. The superficial flexor tendon runs on the back of the leg and is responsible for flexing the leg at the knee joint, while the deep flexor tendon runs underneath the superficial tendon and is responsible for flexing the leg at the fetlock joint. Therefore, the superficial flexor tendon is not directly related to podotrochlosis.

Phenylbutazone should not be used intraarticularly in arthritis therapy for horses. Phenylbutazone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to treat pain and inflammation in horses. However, it is not recommended to be injected directly into the joint (intraarticularly) as it can cause severe joint damage and complications. Instead, phenylbutazone is typically administered orally or intravenously for systemic effects.