Quiz Test On Stress And Strain @basic Civil And Mechanical Engineering

Elasticity refers to the property of a body to return to its original shape after the removal of an external load. When a body is subjected to deformation due to an external force, it undergoes elastic deformation, and once the force is removed, it regains its original shape. This property is essential in various materials and structures to ensure their ability to withstand and recover from stress and strain without permanent deformation or damage.

When an external force causes shortening of the body in the direction of force, it is termed as compressive force. This type of force applies pressure on an object, causing it to become smaller or shorter in length. It is the opposite of tensile force, which causes elongation of the body. Stress refers to the internal force experienced by a material when subjected to external forces, while strain is the deformation or change in shape that occurs due to the applied force.

When an external force causes an object to stretch or elongate in the direction of the force, it is known as tensile force. Tensile force is characterized by the pulling or stretching of a material, causing it to become longer or thinner. This is in contrast to compressive force, which causes a material to be compressed or shortened. Stress refers to the force exerted on a material per unit area, while strain refers to the deformation or change in shape that occurs as a result of stress.

Young's Modulus is the correct answer because it is defined as the ratio of the axial stress to the corresponding axial strain within the elastic limit. It is a measure of the stiffness or rigidity of a material and is used to determine how much a material will deform under a given amount of stress. Young's Modulus is commonly used in engineering and materials science to analyze the behavior of materials under different types of loads.

Hooke's Law states that when an elastic material is stressed within its elastic limit, the stress applied is directly proportional to the strain produced. This means that as long as the material remains within its elastic limit, the amount of deformation or strain it undergoes is directly proportional to the amount of force or stress applied to it. This relationship allows us to calculate the amount of deformation or strain in an elastic material when a known amount of force or stress is applied to it.

The correct answer is Volumetric strain. Volumetric strain refers to the change in volume of an elastic body in relation to its original volume when subjected to an external force. It is a measure of the deformation or expansion of the material in all directions. Shear strain and shear stress, on the other hand, pertain to the deformation and stress experienced by a material when subjected to parallel forces acting in opposite directions.

U.D.L stands for Uniformly distributed load. This refers to a load that is evenly distributed over a beam or structure. It is a type of load that is constant along the length of the beam, resulting in a uniform pressure or force exerted on the structure. This type of load is commonly used in engineering and construction calculations to determine the stress and deflection of beams under uniform loading conditions.

The shear modulus is a constant that represents the ratio of shear stress to shear strain. It is denoted by the symbol "G".

When a body is subjected to uniform direct stress in all three mutually perpendicular directions, the ratio of the direct stress to the corresponding volumetric strain is known as the bulk modulus. The bulk modulus measures the resistance of a material to uniform compression or expansion. It is a constant value for a given material and is used to calculate the change in volume of a material under pressure. Young's modulus, on the other hand, measures the stiffness of a material in response to tensile or compressive stress, while shear modulus measures the resistance of a material to shear deformation.

The internal resistance offered by the body to counteract the applied load is called stress. Stress is a measure of the force per unit area within a material, indicating how much it is being deformed or strained under the applied load. It is a fundamental concept in mechanics and materials science, describing the internal response of a material to external forces.

The deformation in unit original dimension is referred to as strain. When a material is subjected to a force, it experiences a change in shape or size, which is known as deformation. Strain is a measure of this deformation, and it is calculated as the ratio of the change in dimension to the original dimension. Therefore, strain is the correct answer in this context.

Area strain is not a basic type of strain because it is not commonly used to describe the deformation of materials. The basic types of strain include compressive strain, which occurs when a material is compressed or shortened, shear strain, which occurs when a material is subjected to parallel forces in opposite directions causing it to deform, and volume strain, which occurs when a material changes in volume due to external forces. Area strain, on the other hand, is not a widely recognized or used term in the study of material deformation.

The factor of safety is a measure of how much stronger a structure is compared to the maximum stress it can withstand. It is calculated by dividing the ultimate stress (the maximum stress the material can handle) by the allowable stress (the maximum stress that is considered safe for the structure). A higher factor of safety indicates a more reliable and secure structure, as it means there is a larger margin between the maximum stress and the safe stress level. Therefore, the correct answer is "Ultimate stress/ Allowable stress".

The correct answer is Bending moment. Bending moment refers to the measure of the bending or flexural stress experienced by a member when subjected to an external load. It is a result of the distribution of forces acting on the member, causing it to bend or deform. In the context of the given statement, the axes of the members that are perpendicular to the member (vertical and horizontal) are likely to experience bending moments due to the applied loads.

An overhang beam refers to a beam that extends beyond its supports. It is commonly used in construction to create cantilevered structures or to provide additional support for suspended elements. The term "overhang" implies that a portion of the beam is unsupported, making it different from a regular beam that is fully supported along its entire length.

In a simply supported beam, the bending moment will be zero at the supports. This is because the supports provide the necessary reaction forces to balance the external loads applied to the beam, resulting in no bending moment at those points. The bending moment is maximum at the center of the beam, where the beam experiences the highest amount of bending due to the applied loads. Therefore, the correct answer is supports.

Poisson's ratio is defined as the ratio of the lateral strain (change in width) to the longitudinal strain (change in length) of a material when it is subjected to an external force. It quantifies the relationship between the two types of strains and provides information about the material's ability to deform in different directions. A higher Poisson's ratio indicates that the material is more likely to deform laterally when stretched longitudinally, while a lower ratio suggests that the material is more resistant to lateral deformation.

The relationship between Young's modulus (E), Bulk modulus (K), and Poisson's ratio (µ) is given by E=3K(1-2µ). This equation shows that Young's modulus is equal to three times the bulk modulus multiplied by the quantity (1-2µ). This relationship demonstrates how the three properties are interconnected and how changes in one parameter can affect the others.

A cantilever beam is a structural element that is supported at one end and free at the other end. It is designed to carry a load and resist bending. Portico slabs, which are horizontal slabs supported by columns or walls on one side only, can be considered as cantilever beams. The load is transferred to the supporting columns or walls and the slab resists bending due to its cantilevered nature. Therefore, option a) Portico slabs is the correct answer.

When a body is subjected to two equal and opposite forces acting tangentially across the resisting section, it creates a tendency for the body to shear off across the section. This tangential force is referred to as shear stress. Shear strain, on the other hand, is the measure of deformation caused by the shear stress. Therefore, the correct answer is Shear stress.