Airport Engineering Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

Explanation
The correct statement is that both landing speed and take-off distance are directly proportional to wing loading and powder loading, respectively. This means that as the wing loading increases, the landing speed will also increase. Similarly, as the powder loading remains constant, the take-off distance will increase.

Explanation
The correct answer is "First Seven English alphabets". The International Civil Aviation Organization (I.C.A.O.) has coded the runway lengths of aerodromes using the first seven English alphabets. This coding system allows for easy communication and understanding between pilots, air traffic controllers, and other aviation personnel. By using a simple and standardized coding system, it helps to ensure safety and efficiency in air travel operations.

Explanation
The runway orientation is made so that landing and takeoff are against the wind direction. This is because flying against the wind provides better control and reduces the ground speed of the aircraft, allowing for shorter takeoff and landing distances. It also helps to increase the lift generated by the wings, making the aircraft more stable and safer during these critical phases of flight. Therefore, having the runway aligned against the wind direction is the most optimal choice for ensuring safe and efficient operations.

Explanation
The correct answer is "highest point of the landing area." The airport elevation refers to the reduced level above Mean Sea Level (M.S.L.) of the highest point of the landing area. This is important information for pilots as it helps them determine the altitude at which they are operating and plan their approach and landing accordingly. The control tower and the lowest point of the landing area may have their own elevations, but they are not relevant to the airport elevation.

Explanation
The depressions and undulations in the pavement can be caused by a combination of factors. Improper compaction of the sub-grade can lead to uneven settling of the pavement, creating depressions. The impact of heavy wheel loads can also cause the pavement to deform and create undulations. Additionally, the punching effect, which is the repeated loading and unloading of the pavement surface, can contribute to the formation of depressions and undulations. Therefore, all of the mentioned factors can contribute to the problem.

Explanation
The required length of the runway is 3725 m because the proposed site of the airport is already 2500 m above mean sea level (MSL). Therefore, the runway needs to be long enough to accommodate the additional height above MSL, which is 2500 m. Adding this to the length specified by I.C.A.O. for a runway at sea level (2500 m) gives us a total required length of 3725 m.

Explanation
The thickness design of the pavement is decided on the load carried by the main gears. The main gears of an aircraft are responsible for bearing the majority of the weight during landing and takeoff. Therefore, the pavement needs to be designed to withstand the load and pressure exerted by the main gears to ensure safe and efficient operations. The thickness of the pavement will depend on factors such as the aircraft type, maximum takeoff weight, and the number and arrangement of the main gears.

Explanation
The Beaufort scale is a measurement scale used to determine the strength of winds. It categorizes wind speeds based on observable effects on the environment, such as the movement of leaves, trees, and waves. The scale ranges from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane force), providing a standardized way to describe and compare wind strengths. This information is crucial for various activities, including aviation, sailing, and weather forecasting. The Beaufort scale does not determine the direction of winds or the height of aircraft; it solely focuses on assessing the strength of winds.

Explanation
The correct answer is 29°. The bearing of the runway at the threshold is given as 290°. In order to determine the runway number, we need to subtract 18 from the bearing. So, 290° - 18° = 272°. However, since the bearing is given as N 70° W, we need to convert it to a clockwise bearing. N 70° W is equivalent to 360° - 70° + 90° = 380°. Now, subtracting 18° from 380° gives us 362°. However, since the bearing is in the western hemisphere, we need to subtract 180° to get the final runway number. 362° - 180° = 182°. But since the runway number should be between 01 and 36, we subtract 180° again to get the final answer of 2°.

Explanation
The distance between the main gears is given as 10 m. Since the angle of turning is 60°, the center of rotation will lie on the perpendicular bisector of the line joining the two main gears. This perpendicular bisector will pass through the midpoint of the line joining the two main gears. Therefore, the distance from the center of rotation to the nearer main gear is half of the distance between the main gears, which is 5 m. Additionally, the distance of the nose gear from the center of the main gears is given as 30 m. Therefore, the total distance from the center of rotation to the nearer main gear is 5 m + 30 m = 35 m. However, the question asks for the distance in terms of the nearer main gear, so we subtract the distance between the main gears from the total distance, which gives us 35 m - 10 m = 25 m. Therefore, the distance of the center of rotation from the nearer main gear is 25 m.