Phaltan Education Society's Mudhoji College, Phaltan

World Environment Day is celebrated on 5 June. This day is observed annually to raise awareness about environmental issues and promote action to protect the environment. It is a day for individuals and communities to come together and take initiatives towards sustainable development and conservation of nature. The date of 5 June was chosen as it marks the first day of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which took place in Stockholm in 1972. This conference laid the foundation for global environmental governance and led to the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Sound pollution is measured using the unit of decibel (dB). Decibel is a logarithmic unit that measures the intensity or loudness of sound. It takes into account the sensitivity of the human ear to different frequencies of sound. Higher decibel levels indicate louder and more intense sounds, while lower decibel levels indicate softer and less intense sounds. Therefore, decibel is the appropriate unit for measuring sound pollution as it quantifies the level of noise that can have negative effects on human health and the environment.

Ozone Day is celebrated on 16 September. This day is dedicated to raising awareness about the importance of the ozone layer and the need to protect it. The ozone layer plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. It was on this day in 1987 that the Montreal Protocol was signed, which is an international treaty aimed at phasing out the production and use of substances that deplete the ozone layer. Therefore, 16 September is celebrated as Ozone Day to highlight the efforts made to protect the ozone layer and the need for continued action.

The correct answer is Stratosphere. The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere, which is the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere. It is located approximately 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface. The ozone layer plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing the majority of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

The correct answer is 1986/१९८६. The Environmental Protection Act was enacted in 1986 to provide a framework for the protection and improvement of the environment. This act aimed to regulate and control the activities that may have adverse effects on the environment and promote sustainable development. It established various provisions for the prevention and control of pollution, conservation of natural resources, and the protection of ecosystems.

Microorganisms that degrade organic matter are called decomposers. These organisms break down dead plants, animals, and other organic material into simpler substances, such as carbon dioxide and water. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by recycling nutrients and returning them to the soil, making them available for other organisms to use. Decomposers are essential for the process of decomposition, which helps maintain the balance of nutrients in the environment.

Petroleum is a nonrenewable resource because it is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that were buried and subjected to high heat and pressure over millions of years. Once petroleum reserves are depleted, they cannot be replenished within a human lifetime. This makes it a finite resource that cannot be easily replaced or renewed.

Bio diesel is commonly obtained from the Jatropha plant. This plant is known for its high oil content, which can be extracted and processed to produce bio diesel fuel. Jatropha plants are also relatively easy to cultivate and can grow in a variety of soil types, making them a popular choice for bio diesel production.

The pyramid of energy is always upright because energy is lost at each trophic level in an ecosystem. As energy flows from producers to primary consumers, and then to higher-level consumers, there is a decrease in the amount of energy available. This results in a decrease in the biomass and number of organisms at each level, causing the pyramid to narrow towards the top. Therefore, the pyramid of energy is always upright.

The term coined by A. G. Tansely in 1935 is "Ecosystem".