Nerve Muscle Physiology Quiz Questions

The spinal division of the accessory nerve supplies both the trapezius muscle and the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. The trapezius muscle is responsible for movement and stabilization of the shoulder blade and neck, while the SCM muscle is involved in the rotation and flexion of the neck. Therefore, the correct answer is A+B, indicating that both the trapezius muscle and the SCM muscle are supplied by the spinal division of the accessory nerve.

The correct answer is Splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, levator scapulae. These muscles are located in the back and are positioned posterior to the vertebrae. They play a role in various movements and stabilizing the neck and shoulder region. The other options mentioned do not consist of muscles that are specifically located posterior to the vertebrae.

The atlanto-occipital joint (AO joint) is the joint between the atlas (C1 vertebra) and the occipital bone at the base of the skull. This joint allows for various movements of the head. Flexion refers to bending the head forward, extension refers to bending the head backward, and lateral flexion refers to tilting the head to the side. Rotation, on the other hand, refers to turning the head from side to side. Therefore, rotation is not considered a movement by the atlanto-occipital joint.

The question is asking for the nerve that is not considered in the posterior triangle. The posterior triangle is a region in the neck, and the nerves that are typically found in this area include the greater occipital nerve, lesser occipital nerve, and great auricular nerve. However, the superficial temporal nerve is not typically found in the posterior triangle, making it the correct answer.

The posterior triangle is a region in the neck that is bounded posteriorly by the posterior border of the trapezius muscle. The correct answer is the anterior border of the trapezius muscle, which indicates that the posterior triangle is not bounded by this structure.

The platysma muscle is not enclosed by deep fascia. Deep fascia is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds and separates muscles. The sternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius muscle, and the combination of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles are all enclosed by deep fascia. However, the platysma muscle is a superficial muscle located in the neck and is not surrounded by deep fascia.

The transverse cervical vein drains into the external jugular vein. This is because the transverse cervical vein is a superficial vein that runs across the neck, and it typically drains into the external jugular vein, which is also a superficial vein located in the neck region. The external jugular vein then continues to drain into the subclavian vein, which is a major vein in the upper chest area.

The buccal nerve and mandibular branch of the facial nerve are responsible for the motor control of the muscles involved in making a duck face. The buccal nerve innervates the muscles of the cheek, while the mandibular branch of the facial nerve innervates the muscles of the lower face, including the lips and chin. Together, these nerves allow for the coordinated movement of the muscles required to make the desired facial expression.

The correct answer is "It’s formed by articulation of lateral masses of atlas and occipital condyle." This sentence accurately describes the atlanto-occipital joint, which is formed by the connection between the lateral masses of the atlas (the first cervical vertebra) and the occipital condyle (a protrusion on the base of the skull). This joint allows for movement between the skull and the spine, specifically allowing for flexion and extension. The other options provided do not accurately describe the atlanto-occipital joint.

The correct answer is the 2nd part of the subclavian artery. The subclavian artery runs beneath the scalenus anterior muscle and has three parts. The 2nd part of the subclavian artery is located directly posterior to the scalenus anterior muscle. This part of the artery gives off branches that supply blood to the upper limb and also gives rise to the vertebral artery.

The parotid duct of the parotid salivary gland emerges from the anterior part of the masseter muscle and passes through it opposite to the second molar.

The great auricular nerve provides sensory innervation to the mandibular angle and the area covering the parotid salivary gland. The vagus nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the pharynx and larynx, while the facial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the face, but it does not specifically innervate the mandibular angle and the area covering the parotid salivary gland. Therefore, the correct answer is the great auricular nerve.

The trapezius muscle is enclosed by the investing layer of deep fascia. Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, providing support and protection. The investing layer of deep fascia specifically surrounds and separates the muscles of the neck and upper back, including the trapezius muscle. It helps to maintain the shape and integrity of the muscle and allows for proper movement and function.

The temporalis muscle is indeed supplied by the maxillary artery, and it does have motor innervation from the trigeminal nerve. Additionally, the temporalis muscle plays a crucial role in the chewing process, making it a muscle of mastication. Therefore, all of the statements regarding the temporalis muscle are correct.

The suprahyoid muscles are a group of muscles located above the hyoid bone in the neck. These muscles are involved in various movements of the mandible (lower jaw) and hyoid bone. The geniohyoid, digastric, and mylohyoid muscles all contribute to the depression of the mandible, meaning they help lower the jaw. However, the stylohyoid muscle does not depress the mandible. Instead, it helps elevate the hyoid bone during swallowing and speaking. Therefore, the correct answer is stylohyoid.

The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve because it has three major branches that supply sensory information to the face, head, and neck. These branches are the ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for transmitting sensations such as touch, pain, and temperature from the face to the brain. It also controls the muscles involved in chewing. The other options, facial nerve, optic nerve, and vagus nerve, are also cranial nerves but they are not as large as the trigeminal nerve.

The correct answer is the internal Jugular Vein. The facial vein drains into the internal Jugular Vein, which is a major vein located in the neck. This vein is responsible for draining blood from the brain, face, and neck, and it plays a crucial role in returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.

The greater palatine nerve is a branch from the maxillary nerve (V2). The maxillary nerve is one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve (V), which is responsible for sensory innervation of the face. The maxillary nerve specifically provides sensory innervation to the upper teeth, upper gums, upper lip, and part of the palate. Therefore, it makes sense that the greater palatine nerve, which innervates the posterior part of the hard palate, would be a branch of the maxillary nerve.

The trapezius muscle originates from the external occipital protuberance, the spinous processes of C7-T12, and the nuchal ligament. However, it does not originate from the lateral 1/3 of the superior nuchal line.

The anterior belly of digastric muscle is innervated by the trigeminal nerve (V3, specifically). The facial nerve (VII) innervates the platysma, posterior belly of digastric, and stylohyoid muscles.

The suprahyoid muscles and the hyoglossus muscle are involved in the movement of the tongue. The suprahyoid muscles are located above the hyoid bone and include the digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and stylohyoid muscles. These muscles help elevate the hyoid bone and the tongue during swallowing and speaking. The hyoglossus muscle is located beneath the tongue and helps retract and depress the tongue. Therefore, the correct answer is 2 suprahyoid + hyoglossus.

The posterior triangle refers to a specific area on the side of the neck. The correct answer states that this area contains 4 arteries, 5 veins, and 3 kinds of nerves. This suggests that there are multiple blood vessels and nerves present in the posterior triangle, but the exact numbers may vary.

The trapezius muscle is not considered a part of the prevertebral fascia. The prevertebral fascia is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds the muscles and structures of the neck, including the longus capitis, scalenus anterior, and levator scapulae muscles. The trapezius muscle, on the other hand, is a large muscle that spans the upper back and neck region, but it is not directly associated with the prevertebral fascia.

The superior laryngeal artery pierces the thyrohyoid membrane with the internal laryngeal nerve. This nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx above the vocal cords and also carries the afferent limb of the cough reflex. It is a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, which arises from the vagus nerve.

The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the nasal septum. It is a thin, flat bone that extends vertically from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the vomer bone. The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into two separate chambers, and the perpendicular plate provides support and structure to this partition.

The suprascapular nerve is not a cutaneous nerve because it does not supply sensation to the skin. Instead, it innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, providing motor function to these muscles. Cutaneous nerves are responsible for providing sensory innervation to the skin, allowing us to feel touch, pain, temperature, and other sensations. Therefore, the suprascapular nerve does not fit the criteria of a cutaneous nerve.

The sentence "laterally / external jugular vein" is a mismatch concerning the relations of the common carotid artery. The external jugular vein is not positioned laterally to the common carotid artery, but rather anteriorly or anterior-laterally.

The carotid body is a chemoreceptor which is activated when we have a high O2 level.

The carotid sheath is a fibrous connective tissue structure that surrounds the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve in the neck. It acts as a protective covering for these structures. In this sentence, it is stated that in the carotid sheath, the common carotid artery is medial to the internal jugular vein. This means that the common carotid artery is located closer to the midline of the body compared to the internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath.

The Sternomastoid artery is a branch of the Superior Thyroid Artery. This artery supplies blood to the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, which is a large muscle in the neck. The Superior Thyroid Artery arises from the external carotid artery and gives off several branches, including the sternomastoid artery. Therefore, the correct answer is Superior Thyroid Artery.

The given answer "none of the above" is correct because all of the options provided are correctly matched. The sinuses are lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, the anterior nose is lined with stratified squamous epithelium, potential spaces are filled with loose connective tissue, and the superficial fascia of the neck is also known as subcutaneous tissue. Therefore, none of the options are mismatched.

The internal jugular vein is the correct answer because it is the only blood vessel listed that has a bicuspid valve. The other options, external jugular vein and anterior jugular vein, do not have valves.

The correct answer is A+B. The anterior atlanto-occipital membrane and the apical ligament both extend to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. The anterior atlanto-occipital membrane is a strong ligament that connects the anterior arch of the atlas (C1) to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. The apical ligament, also known as the suspensory ligament of the dens, connects the tip of the odontoid process (dens) of the axis (C2) to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. Therefore, both ligaments extend to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.

The correct answer is that both prevertebral deep cervical fascia and carotid sheath are common in that both of them are tubular. This means that both structures have a tubular shape or form. The prevertebral deep cervical fascia is a tubular layer that surrounds the vertebral column, while the carotid sheath is a tubular structure that encloses the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve.

The correct answer is "prevertebral deep fascia is attached medially to axillary sheath." This statement is false because the prevertebral deep fascia is not attached medially to the axillary sheath. The prevertebral deep fascia is a layer of connective tissue that covers the deep muscles of the neck and is located anterior to the prevertebral muscles. The axillary sheath, on the other hand, is a fascial structure that surrounds the axillary artery, axillary vein, and brachial plexus in the axilla. These two structures are not directly connected or attached to each other.

The posterior longitudinal ligament extends inside the vertebral foramen. This ligament is located on the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. It runs along the entire length of the spinal column, attaching to the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs. Its main function is to prevent excessive flexion of the vertebral column and to help maintain the stability of the spine.

The correct answer is "phrenic nerve comes posterior to the 1st subclavian artery." This is incorrect because the phrenic nerve actually comes anterior to the 1st subclavian artery. The phrenic nerve is a major nerve that originates from the cervical spine and travels down through the thorax, passing anterior to the subclavian artery before continuing into the abdomen.

The phrenic nerve is a nerve that originates from the cervical spinal nerves C3, C4, and C5, not C4, C5, and C6 as stated in the answer. It passes anterior to the first part of the subclavian artery and is one of the contents of the root of the neck. There are indeed right and left phrenic nerves.

All of the options listed (inferior border of the mandible, spines of vertebrae, hyoid bone, and styloid process) are not superior attachments for investing layer. The investing layer refers to the deep fascia that surrounds and separates muscles in the neck. None of the options mentioned are superior attachments of this layer, so all of the answers are correct.

The correct answer is Maxillary nerve (V2). The maxillary nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve that provides sensory innervation to the upper jaw, teeth, and parts of the face, including the skin below the eye. Therefore, when the student felt the mosquito standing below his eye, it was the maxillary nerve that sensed this sensation.

The correct answer is "none of the above" because all of the arteries mentioned in the question (Inferior alveolar artery, middle meningeal artery, and infraorbital artery) are indeed branches from the Maxillary artery.

The given answer states that none of the sentences provided is false concerning the Jugular foramen. This means that all of the sentences are true. Therefore, the Jugular foramen is indeed located between the temporal and occipital bones, it is located in the posterior cranial fossa, and both the vagus nerve and the sigmoid sinus pass through it.

The correct answer is "dense of axis is located in the anterior arch of axis (C2)". The dens, also known as the odontoid process, is a bony projection from the axis (C2) vertebra that extends upward into the ring of the atlas (C1) vertebra. It serves as a pivot point for rotational movement of the head over the vertebral column. This allows for the "yes" motion of nodding the head up and down. Therefore, this statement accurately describes the location and function of the dens.

The given sentence "lies posterior to the clavicle on the middle third" is incorrect. The subclavian vein actually lies anterior to the clavicle on the middle third.