Disaster Readiness And Risk Reduction

A state of calamity refers to a situation where there is a mass casualty or major damage to property, leading to the disruption of livelihood, roads, and normal way of life in the affected areas. This condition can be caused by either natural or man-induced hazards. The term "state of calamity" is used to describe the severity and urgency of the situation, indicating that immediate action and resources are required to address the crisis.

CAMANAVA stands for Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela. It is an area in Metro Manila, Philippines. Excessive groundwater withdrawal in this area is one of the main causes of ground subsidence. Ground subsidence refers to the sinking or settling of the ground surface, which can lead to various issues such as flooding and damage to infrastructure.

The statement is true because the various stakeholders and actors in the CBDRRM (Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management) process include government agencies, NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations), private sectors, and the United Nations. These entities play crucial roles in planning, implementing, and coordinating efforts to reduce disaster risks and enhance community resilience. Government agencies provide policy guidance and resources, NGOs bring expertise and community engagement, private sectors contribute resources and expertise, and the United Nations supports coordination and collaboration at the global level.

The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is a measure of the pressure differences between Tahiti and Darwin. El Nino events are characterized by negative SOI values, indicating lower pressure in the eastern Pacific and higher pressure in the western Pacific. In contrast, La Nina events are associated with positive SOI values, indicating higher pressure in the eastern Pacific and lower pressure in the western Pacific. Therefore, it is true that El Nino is detected by a negative SOI, while La Nina is detected by a positive SOI.

Hailstones can vary in size, with diameters ranging from as small as 1 millimeter to as large as 20 cm. The largest recorded hailstone, measuring 20 cm in diameter, hit South Dakota, USA on July 23, 2010. Given that hailstones with a diameter of at least 2 cm can already cause damage, the statement "True" is correct.

The statement is true because a moderate El Nino or La Nina event is characterized by a deviation in sea surface temperature. During El Nino, the sea surface temperature is higher than normal, with a deviation of +1.0 to +1.5 degrees Celsius. On the other hand, during La Nina, the sea surface temperature is lower than normal, with a deviation of -1.0 to -1.5 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the statement is correct as it accurately describes the temperature deviations associated with moderate El Nino and La Nina events.

Western Mindanao is not usually affected by tropical cyclones because it is located in the southwestern part of the Philippines, away from the usual path of typhoons. Northern Luzon, Central Luzon, and Eastern Visayas are more prone to tropical cyclones due to their proximity to the Pacific Ocean where typhoons often originate.

Hazard assessment is the process of estimating the probabilities of potentially damaging events occurring within a specific area and time frame. It involves evaluating the likelihood of hazardous phenomena, such as natural disasters or other dangerous events, happening and causing harm. Hazard assessment helps in identifying and understanding potential risks, which enables effective disaster preparedness and risk management strategies to be developed and implemented.

La Nina is a weather phenomenon that occurs when the surface temperature in the equatorial Pacific Ocean cools below average. It is the exact opposite of El Nino, which involves prolonged unusual warming of the surface temperature. The given answer of -0.5 degrees Celsius indicates a significant cooling of the surface temperature during La Nina.

Typhoon Yolanda (International Name: "Haiyan") had landfall at Giunan, Samar on November 8, 2013.

CBDRRM stands for Community Based Disaster Reduction and Management. This approach involves engaging and empowering local communities in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. It emphasizes the importance of community involvement, local knowledge, and capacity building in reducing the impact of disasters. By involving the community in disaster risk reduction and management activities, it helps to ensure that the needs and priorities of the community are taken into account, and that they are actively involved in decision-making processes.

A tropical storm is a weather disturbance characterized by strong wind speeds ranging from 63 kph to 118 kph. This is the correct answer because a tropical storm falls within the given wind speed range, making it a suitable description for the weather disturbance mentioned.

Disaster risk refers to the potential losses that a community or society could face in terms of lives, health, status, livelihood, assets, and services over a specified future time period. It involves assessing the likelihood and impact of various hazards and vulnerabilities in order to understand and mitigate the potential risks. By understanding the disaster risk, communities and societies can better prepare, respond, and plan for potential disasters, ultimately reducing the negative impacts and increasing resilience.

High tide refers to the periodic rise in sea level due to the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. The gravitational forces exerted by these celestial bodies cause the water on Earth's surface to bulge, leading to high tide. This phenomenon occurs twice a day and is responsible for the periodic fluctuation in sea levels. Therefore, the correct answer is high tide.

Sanitation in grazing refers to the continuous removal of dead trees. This practice is important in maintaining the health and safety of the grazing area. Dead trees can pose a hazard to livestock as they may fall and injure animals. Additionally, dead trees can also become breeding grounds for pests and diseases. By continuously removing dead trees, the grazing area remains safe and free from potential risks, promoting the overall well-being of the livestock.

The different colors used in rainfall advisories, classification, and measures are red, orange, and yellow. These colors are typically used to indicate the severity or intensity of the rainfall. Red is often used to signify heavy or intense rainfall, orange indicates moderate rainfall, and yellow represents light rainfall. These color codes help people to understand the potential impact of the rainfall and take appropriate measures or precautions accordingly.

Tsunami literally means "harbor waves" in Japanese. This term refers to a series of large ocean waves that are caused by underwater disturbances, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. These waves can travel across the ocean at high speeds and can cause significant damage and loss of life when they reach coastal areas. The term "harbor waves" is an accurate description of the nature of tsunamis, as they often result in the flooding and destruction of harbors and coastal regions.

El Nino Modoki is a recently discovered type of El Nino that is characterized by unusual warming in the central equatorial Pacific and cooling in the eastern and western equatorial Pacific. The term "El Nino Modoki" is derived from the Japanese language, where "El Nino" means "hot" and "Modoki" means "cold", therefore it refers to a phenomenon that involves both hot and cold regions.

The NDRRMC is composed of the secretary of Department of National Defence as a Chairperson. The Vice Chairman heads four clusters for Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Rehabilitation and Recovery.

Class B fires involve flammable liquids and gases, such as fuels and gas. This includes substances like gasoline, oil, propane, and natural gas. These fires can be extremely dangerous and require specific extinguishing agents, such as foam or carbon dioxide, to suppress the flames. Therefore, the correct answer is "Fuels and gas."

A thunderstorm is a type of weather condition characterized by strong rain accompanied by lightning and thunder. Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge that occurs during a thunderstorm, while thunder is the sound produced by the rapid expansion and contraction of the air surrounding a lightning bolt. Therefore, the correct answer is "Lightning and thunder."

Dacite is a type of volcanic rock that typically contains 63 to 68% Silicon Dioxide and approximately 4% of Iron.

The correct answer is "Both A and B." This is because the formula for calculating disaster risk is given as Disaster Risk = Hazard x Exposure ÷ Vulnerability, which includes both hazard and exposure. However, the formula for calculating disaster is given as Disaster = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability, which includes all three factors: hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Therefore, both formulas are simplified versions of the disaster risk model.

Bring photos of family members as these may be used during search and rescue operations.

The given options include various types of landslides such as rational and transitional landslide, debris and earth flow, and lateral and topple and rock flow. However, the correct answer is "None of the above" because all the options provided are types of landslides.

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For those students who answered TRUE I'm glad that you are honest to your self. For those students who answered FALSE I have nothing to say for you.

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The implementing Rules of RA 10121 "The Philippine DRRM Law" was signed on 27 September 2010 and took effect 15 days after.

A storm surge is a localized unusual increase in sea water level beyond the predicted astronomical level. It is caused by a combination of strong winds and low atmospheric pressure associated with a storm or hurricane. This surge of water can cause flooding in coastal areas, often resulting in significant damage to property and infrastructure. Unlike a tsunami, which is caused by seismic activity, a storm surge is specifically related to weather events. Therefore, the correct answer is storm surge.

Sec. Voltaire Gazmin is the current NDRRMC Chairperson.

The full name of the teacher in Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction is Dee Jay Diacos Borja.

The correct answer is "After". This means that the precautionary measure of keeping non-essential personnel inside and ensuring they observe safety precautions should be done after a tephra fall event has occurred. This makes sense because during the event, it would be more important to focus on immediate emergency response and ensuring the safety of everyone involved. Once the event is over, it is then appropriate to implement measures to clean up and prevent any further risks or hazards.

PAG ASA defines (detects) the ENSO Phenomenon based on two factors: the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA). The SOI measures the pressure differences between Tahiti and Darwin, which helps determine the strength of the atmospheric component of ENSO. The STAA, or Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly, measures the deviation from normal sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, which is a key indicator of the oceanic component of ENSO. By analyzing both the SOI and STAA, PAG ASA can accurately identify and monitor the ENSO Phenomenon.

Dilute pure lahars are called hyperconcentrated streamflow because they contain a high concentration of volcanic debris by volume, ranging from 20% to 60%. The term "hyperconcentrated" refers to a high concentration or density of sediment in a flowing stream or river. In the case of lahars, this refers to the high concentration of volcanic debris in the flowing mixture of water and sediment.

The correct answer is "CaC03+H2CO3 = Ca +2 + 2HCO23-2". This equation represents the reaction between limestone (CaCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3). In this reaction, limestone is dissolved, resulting in the formation of calcium ions (Ca+2) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). The balanced equation shows that for every molecule of limestone, one calcium ion and two bicarbonate ions are produced.

During tornadoes, it is recommended to "Get in, Get down, and Cover up" according to NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). This means finding a small, windowless interior room on the lowest level of a sturdy building, such as a basement or a bathroom, and taking cover by getting down low and covering your head and neck with your arms or a mattress. This helps to protect against flying debris and reduces the risk of injury during a tornado.

Pyroclastic flow refers to a mixture of volcanic materials such as gas, pumice, and scoria that moves rapidly down the slope of a volcanic crater. This flow is extremely dangerous and can reach high speeds, causing destruction in its path. The materials within the flow are hot and can cause severe burns and respiratory problems. Pyroclastic flows are commonly associated with explosive volcanic eruptions and can travel for several kilometers, burying everything in their way.

The correct answer is lava flow because in Javanese, the word "lahar" is used to refer to the flow of lava.

The correct answer is "Long before the flood." PAG ASA suggests finding out if your area is prone to flooding on existing flood maps prepared by MGB. This indicates that the suggestion should be taken into consideration well in advance, before the flood actually occurs.

Anthropogenic refers to something that is caused or influenced by human activity. In the context of wildfires, anthropogenic means that the fire is caused by human actions or is influenced by human factors. This could include activities such as arson, campfires left unattended, or equipment malfunctions. Therefore, the correct answer is d. Manmade, as it accurately reflects that wildfires are caused by human actions rather than being purely natural occurrences.

ARSON is unlawful act of intentionally burning of building, vehicles and farmland.

Most natural earthquakes are caused by sudden slippage along a fault zone. This slippage is hindered by irregularities on a fault phase. The theory that governs most earthquakes is the Elastic Rebound Theory. This theory explains that stress builds up along a fault line as tectonic plates move, causing the rocks to deform elastically. Eventually, the stress becomes too great and the rocks rupture, releasing the stored energy in the form of an earthquake. The Elastic Rebound Theory provides a comprehensive explanation for the occurrence of earthquakes due to fault slippage.

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The correct answer is DILG. DILG stands for the Department of the Interior and Local Government. This agency is primarily responsible for the preparedness aspects of disaster reduction. They work closely with local government units to ensure that they are equipped and ready to respond to disasters and emergencies. They coordinate efforts in disaster risk reduction, emergency response, and recovery, making them the appropriate agency for this task.

The correct answer is A and B because class K fires involve the combustion of flammable cooking oils, greases, and fats. These types of fires are commonly found in commercial kitchens and can be extremely dangerous if not properly extinguished. Class K fire extinguishers are specifically designed to suppress these types of fires by cooling and smothering the flames.

The correct answer is "Rescue, Evacuation and Relief" because these activities are part of the response phase in disaster management. During this phase, efforts are made to rescue individuals who are in immediate danger, evacuate affected populations to safer locations, and provide relief assistance such as food, water, shelter, and medical aid to those affected by the disaster. These activities aim to mitigate the immediate impact of the disaster and save lives.

The statement is false because it incorrectly states that meteoroids have already hit the Earth's surface. In reality, meteoroids are small rocky or metallic objects that are in space and have not yet entered the Earth's atmosphere. Once they enter the atmosphere and begin to burn up, they are called meteors. If any part of the meteoroid survives and reaches the Earth's surface, it is then called a meteorite.

RSMC stands for Regional Specialized Meteorological Center. These centers are responsible for issuing official warnings for specific regions, in this case, the Western Pacific Ocean and South China Sea Region. The term "specialized" indicates that these centers are focused on a specific area or type of weather phenomenon, such as tropical cyclones. The correct answer choice, "Region of Specialized Meteorological Center," accurately reflects the meaning of the acronym RSMC.

The correct answer is c. Incipient Stage. The incipient stage refers to the initial stage of fire ignition where all four requirements for a fire (fuel, heat, oxygen, and a chemical reaction) have combined. This is the point where a fire is just starting to develop and is still relatively small and localized.