Microimmunology- Helminths

1. Helminths infection can occur by one of these process:

Swallowing infective eggs or larva via the fecal-oral route.

Swallowing infective larvae in the tissues of another host.

Active penetration of the skin by larval stages.

All of the above.

Blood sucking insects can also infect human with helminths.

Explanation

Blood sucking insects can also infect human with helminths.

2. Most often laboratory test perform for helminths infection is __________

Wet prep

Examination of the stool for ova and parasites (O&P)

Eosinophil antibody by PCR

Fecal occult

The most common laboratory test performed for helminths infection is the examination of the stool for ova and parasites (O&P). This test involves analyzing a stool sample under a microscope to look for the presence of eggs or larvae of helminths, which are parasitic worms. This test helps in diagnosing various types of helminths infections, such as roundworms, tapeworms, and hookworms. By identifying the presence of these parasites, appropriate treatment can be initiated to eliminate the infection.

Explanation

The most common laboratory test performed for helminths infection is the examination of the stool for ova and parasites (O&P). This test involves analyzing a stool sample under a microscope to look for the presence of eggs or larvae of helminths, which are parasitic worms. This test helps in diagnosing various types of helminths infections, such as roundworms, tapeworms, and hookworms. By identifying the presence of these parasites, appropriate treatment can be initiated to eliminate the infection.

3. Human acquired schistosomiasis by ________

Ingesting fish infected with larval stages

Ingesting vegetation with larva stages

Penetration of skin by larva stages from snails

Ingesting crabs infected with larva stages

Schistosomiasis is caused by schistomes and are acquired by penetration of skin by larva stages from snails.
Three types of schistomes are:
Schistosoma haematobium (infects blood vessel of bladder)
Schistosoma japonicum (infects blood vessel of intestine)
Schistosoma mansoni. (infects blood vessel of intestine)

Explanation

Schistosomiasis is caused by schistomes and are acquired by penetration of skin by larva stages from snails.
Three types of schistomes are:
Schistosoma haematobium (infects blood vessel of bladder)
Schistosoma japonicum (infects blood vessel of intestine)
Schistosoma mansoni. (infects blood vessel of intestine)

4. In Helminth's life cycle, a definitive host is one in which the ____________ occurs or the _________ is present.

Sexual cycle; adult

Spore cycle; larva

Asexual cycle; larva

Binary fusion ; adult

In Helminth's life cycle, a definitive host is one in which the sexual cycle occurs or the adult is present.

In Helminth's life cycle, an intermediate host is one in which the asexual cycle occurs or the larva is present.

Explanation

In Helminth's life cycle, a definitive host is one in which the sexual cycle occurs or the adult is present.

In Helminth's life cycle, an intermediate host is one in which the asexual cycle occurs or the larva is present.

5. Platyhelminths are the cestoda and the nematoda.

True

False

Platyhelminths are the Cestoda (the tapeworms) and Trematoda (the flukes). The Nematodes are the roundworms (Nematoda).

Explanation

Platyhelminths are the Cestoda (the tapeworms) and Trematoda (the flukes). The Nematodes are the roundworms (Nematoda).

6. The three main groups of helminth important to human are ________, _________ and ___________.

Sarcodina, Cestoda and Sporozoa

Cestoda, Digenea and Nematoda

Protozoa, metazoa, and parasite worm

Trematoda, platyhelminths, mastigophora

Helminth is a term for all groups parasitic worms. The three main groups important to human are: The tapeworms (Cestoda), the flukes (Trematoda or Digenea) and the roundworms (Nematoda).

Explanation

Helminth is a term for all groups parasitic worms. The three main groups important to human are: The tapeworms (Cestoda), the flukes (Trematoda or Digenea) and the roundworms (Nematoda).

7. One of the folllowing is true about Taeniasis?

Most Taeniasis is symptomatic

Taeniasis only occurs in human and cows

Taeniasis specifically refers to chronic ring worm with self mechanism to invade host immunity.

Taeniasis refers specifically to infection with the adult tapeworm in the gut of the definitive host.

Taeniasis is asymptomatic, and only occurs in humans. Taeniasis refers specifically to infection with the adult tapeworm in the gut of the definitive host.

Explanation

Taeniasis is asymptomatic, and only occurs in humans. Taeniasis refers specifically to infection with the adult tapeworm in the gut of the definitive host.

8. Nematodes (roundworms) have a fluid-filled internal body cavity called ___________ which acts as a hydrostatic skeleton providing rigidity.

Taeniasis

Acoelomate

Pseudocoelum

Meazoa

Cestodes and Trematoda do not have a body cavity (acoelomate)

Explanation

Cestodes and Trematoda do not have a body cavity (acoelomate)

9. One of these statements is true regarding Cestode (tapeworms):

Long thin unsegmented tube-like bodies with anterior mouths and longitudinal digestive tracts.

Small flat leaf-like bodies.

All Cestodes (tapeworms) have separate sexes with well-developed reproductive systems.

Long flat ribbon-like bodies with a single anterior holdfast organ (scolex)

Nematodes (roundworm) are long thin unsegmented tube-like bodies with anterior mouths and longitudinal digestive tracts.
Trematodes (flukes) are small flat leaf-like bodies.
all Cestodes (tapeworms) are hermaphroditic and are long flat ribbon-like bodies with a single anterior holdfast organ (scolex)

Explanation

Nematodes (roundworm) are long thin unsegmented tube-like bodies with anterior mouths and longitudinal digestive tracts.
Trematodes (flukes) are small flat leaf-like bodies.
all Cestodes (tapeworms) are hermaphroditic and are long flat ribbon-like bodies with a single anterior holdfast organ (scolex)

10. Trichinella does not require intermediate hosts.

True

False

It is capable of completing its life cycle in a single species of either its primary hosts, such as rodents, pigs, or wild games, or incidental hosts, such as humans.

Explanation

It is capable of completing its life cycle in a single species of either its primary hosts, such as rodents, pigs, or wild games, or incidental hosts, such as humans.