Microbiology Final Pt.4
- 1.Which type(s) of antigen-presenting cell can activate T cells?
- A.
Macrophages
- B.
B cells
- C.
Dendritic cells
- D.
All of the choices
- 2.Chemotherapeutic agents that are chemically modified natural products of microorganisms are most specifically referred to as ___
- A.
Antimicrobial agents
- B.
Synthetic drugs
- C.
Antibiotics
- D.
Semisynthetic drugs
- 3.Which of the following is likely to have the most toxic side effects to humans
- A.
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
- B.
Inhibitors of protein synthesis
- C.
Disrupters of cell membrane structure
- D.
Inhibitors of DNA synthesis
- 4.Development of drug resistance is NOT discouraged by
- A.
Use of a high enough concentration of the drug to destroy any spontaneous resistant mutants that might arise
- B.
Use of two drugs simultaneously with the hope that each will prevent the emergence of resistance to the other
- C.
Avoidance of indiscriminate use of drugs
- D.
Widespread use of broad-spectrum drugs
- 5.Type ___ hypersensitivity involves delayed, cell-mediated immune reactions
- A.
I
- B.
II
- C.
III
- D.
IV
- 6.Which of the following is used to reduce or eliminate the source of an infection?
- A.
Treatment of sewage to reduce water contamination
- B.
Destruction of vectors by spraying insecticides
- C.
Destruction of an animal reservoir of the infectious agent
- D.
All of the choices are used to reduce o eliminate the source of an infection
- 7.The most selective antibacterial agents are those that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is because
- A.
Bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells
- B.
Bacterial cell wall synthesis is easily inhibited wheras eukaryotic cell wall synthesis is more resistant to the action of the drugs
- C.
Euk cells do not take up the drugs
- D.
Euk cells inactivate the drugs before they can do any damage
- 8.A ___ rate measures the number of individuals who become ill as a result of a specific disease within a suceptible population during a specific time period
- A.
Prevalence
- B.
Morbidity
- C.
Mortality
- D.
Index
- 9.Which of the following is the major reason why it has been difficult to treat viral infections with chemotherapeutic agents?
- A.
Viral metabolism resembles that of their hosts so there is no selective point of attack
- B.
Viruses use the metabolic machinery of their hosts which limits many of the potential points of attack
- C.
Viruses have no metabolism and therefore offer no selective point of attack
- D.
Actually, viruses are not difficult to treat with chemotherapeutic agents
- 10.The concentration of an antimicrobial drug that is reached in the body will depend on
- A.
The amount of drug administered
- B.
The route of administration and speed of uptake
- C.
The rate at which the drug is cleared or eliminated from the body
- D.
All of the above
- 11.An epidemic is
- A.
A disease that maintains a steady low level frequency
- B.
When a disease occurs occasionally and at erratic intervals in the human population
- C.
A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease above the expected level
- D.
A sudden unexpected occurrence of a disease in a limited segment of a population
- 12.Antibiotics that are given by injection are said to have a (n) ____ route of administration
- A.
Oral
- B.
Venal
- C.
Parenteral
- D.
Topical
- 13.Genes for drug resistance may be present
- A.
On the chromosome
- B.
On plasmids
- C.
On mitochondrial DNA
- D.
Both on the chromosome and on plasmids
- E.
Both on plasmids and on mitochondrial DNA
- 14.The ___ rate refers to the total number of individuals infected at any one time regardless of when the disease began
- A.
Prevalence
- B.
Morbidity
- C.
Mortality
- D.
Index
- 15.Which of the following ais (are) used by microorganisms to become resistant to a particular drug
- A.
Enzymatic inactivation of the drug
- B.
Exclusion of the drug from the cell
- C.
An alternate metabolic pathway that bypasses the drug-sensitive step
- D.
All of the above
- 16.Which type of epidemic usually results from a single contaminated source such as food
- A.
Propagated
- B.
Common-source
- C.
Herd
- D.
Sporadic
- 17.____ immunity is an epidemiological concept that explains the resitance of a population to infection and the spread of an infectious organism due to the immunity of a high percentage of the population
- A.
Natural
- B.
Experimental
- C.
Herd
- D.
Innate
- 18.T cells attack
- A.
Host cells that have parasitized by microorganisms
- B.
Transplanted tissue cells from one host to another
- C.
Cancer cells
- D.
All the choices
- 19.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of new diseases
- A.
Rapid transportation systems and the mobility of the population
- B.
Ecological disruption such as the loss of predators and the destruction of rain forests
- C.
Increased drug usage and sexual promiscuity
- D.
All of the above
- 20.Which of the following affects the size of the clear zone in a disk diffusion test of antimicrobial susceptibility
- A.
The initial concentration of the drug
- B.
The solubility of the drug
- C.
The diffusion rate of the drug
- D.
All of the above
- 21.The immune system normally discriminates between ____ antigens
- A.
Self and nonself
- B.
B and t cells
- C.
Humoral and cell-0mediated
- D.
Primary and secondary response
- 22.Which of the following statements about antimetabolite compounds is NOT correct
- A.
An antimetabolite blocks metabolic pathways
- B.
Antimetabolites resemble a metabolite
- C.
Antimetabolites compete for enzymes active site
- D.
Normally enzymes are able to recognize the antimetabolite and avoid it
- 23.Immunity that is mediated by T lymphocytes is characterized as
- A.
Cell-mediated
- B.
Antibody-mediated
- C.
Innate acquired
- D.
Innate natural
- E.
Humoral
- 24.Which of the following is the major focus of epidemiologists
- A.
The discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence
- B.
The development of methods for disease prevention
- C.
Measuring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents
- D.
Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and the development of methods for disease prevention
- E.
Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and measuring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents
- 25.____ is the site of maturation of T cells
- A.
Bursa of fabricius
- B.
Thymus
- C.
Spleen
- D.
Bone marrow
- E.
Lymph nodes
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