Microbiology Final Pt.4

39 Questions | Attempts: 133
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  • 1/39 Questions

    Bacteriostatic antibiotics are able to prevent growth of pathogens, facilitating the immune system to fight an infection

    • True
    • False
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  • 2. 

    Disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans are called

    • Animal and human disease

    • Zoonoses

    • Communicable disease

    • Contagious disease

    Correct Answer
    A. Zoonoses
  • 3. 

    The most selective antibacterial agents are those that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is because

    • Bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells

    • Bacterial cell wall synthesis is easily inhibited wheras eukaryotic cell wall synthesis is more resistant to the action of the drugs

    • Euk cells do not take up the drugs

    • Euk cells inactivate the drugs before they can do any damage

    Correct Answer
    A. Bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells
  • 4. 

    Selective toxicity

    • Harms the microbes without significantly harming the host

    • Causes host damage without causing a significant damage to the microbe

    • Is the maximum tolerable dose of a drug per kilogram of body weight

    • Is the same as spectrum of activity for any given drug

    Correct Answer
    A. Harms the microbes without significantly harming the host
  • 5. 

    The ___ rate refers to the total number of individuals infected at any one time regardless of when the disease began

    • Prevalence

    • Morbidity

    • Mortality

    • Index

    Correct Answer
    A. Prevalence
  • 6. 

    The concentration of an antimicrobial drug that is reached in the body will depend on 

    • The amount of drug administered

    • The route of administration and speed of uptake

    • The rate at which the drug is cleared or eliminated from the body

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
  • 7. 

    T cells attack

    • Host cells that have parasitized by microorganisms

    • Transplanted tissue cells from one host to another

    • Cancer cells

    • All the choices

    Correct Answer
    A. All the choices
  • 8. 

    The occurrence of endemic disease is characterized by

    • A relatively steady low-level frequency at a moderately regular interval

    • The occasional occurrence at irregular intervals

    • A gradual increase in occurrence frequency below epidemic level

    • A sudden increase in frequency above expected number

    Correct Answer
    A. A relatively steady low-level frequency at a moderately regular interval
  • 9. 

    Spectrum of activity in an antimicrobial drug refers to 

    • How the antimicrobial agent will function against a pathogen

    • The range of pathogens susceptible to the antimicrobial agent

    • The different ways the drug can be delivered

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The range of pathogens susceptible to the antimicrobial agent
  • 10. 

    Which of the following ais (are) used by microorganisms to become resistant to a particular drug

    • Enzymatic inactivation of the drug

    • Exclusion of the drug from the cell

    • An alternate metabolic pathway that bypasses the drug-sensitive step

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
  • 11. 

    The first case in an epidemic is called the 

    • Break case

    • Index case

    • Prime case

    • Alpha case

    • Important case

    Correct Answer
    A. Index case
  • 12. 

    Which type of epidemic usually results from a single contaminated source such as food

    • Propagated

    • Common-source

    • Herd

    • Sporadic

    Correct Answer
    A. Common-source
  • 13. 

    Which of the following is the major reason why it has been difficult to treat viral infections with chemotherapeutic agents?

    • Viral metabolism resembles that of their hosts so there is no selective point of attack

    • Viruses use the metabolic machinery of their hosts which limits many of the potential points of attack

    • Viruses have no metabolism and therefore offer no selective point of attack

    • Actually, viruses are not difficult to treat with chemotherapeutic agents

    Correct Answer
    A. Viruses use the metabolic machinery of their hosts which limits many of the potential points of attack
  • 14. 

    An epidemic is 

    • A disease that maintains a steady low level frequency

    • When a disease occurs occasionally and at erratic intervals in the human population

    • A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease above the expected level

    • A sudden unexpected occurrence of a disease in a limited segment of a population

    Correct Answer
    A. A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease above the expected level
  • 15. 

    The immune system normally discriminates between ____ antigens

    • Self and nonself

    • B and t cells

    • Humoral and cell-0mediated

    • Primary and secondary response

    Correct Answer
    A. Self and nonself
  • 16. 

    A ___ rate measures the number of individuals who become ill as a result of a specific disease within a suceptible population during a specific time period

    • Prevalence

    • Morbidity

    • Mortality

    • Index

    Correct Answer
    A. Morbidity
  • 17. 

    Which drug-resistance mechanism allows bacteria to become resistant to more than one drug at the same time

    • Drug efflux

    • Modification of the target

    • Bacteria do not become resistant to more than one drug

    • Modification of the drug

    • Inactivation of the drug

    Correct Answer
    A. Drug efflux
  • 18. 

    Which of the following affects the size of the clear zone in a disk diffusion test of antimicrobial susceptibility

    • The initial concentration of the drug

    • The solubility of the drug

    • The diffusion rate of the drug

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
  • 19. 

    The mode of action of antibiotic agent refers to

    • Killing of all microorganisms

    • Inhibition of growth of bacteria

    • How it exerts its effects upon microorganisms

    • The broad spectrum of activity of the antimicrobial agent

    • The range of different microbes against which the antimicrobial agent acts

    Correct Answer
    A. How it exerts its effects upon microorganisms
  • 20. 

    A(n) ____ is an increase in disease occurrence within a large population over a very wide region (usually the world)

    • Epidemic

    • Pandemic

    • Endemic

    • Sporadic disease

    Correct Answer
    A. Pandemic
  • 21. 

    Which of the following contributes to the emergence of new diseases

    • Rapid transportation systems and the mobility of the population

    • Ecological disruption such as the loss of predators and the destruction of rain forests

    • Increased drug usage and sexual promiscuity

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
  • 22. 

    Which of the following is used to reduce or eliminate the source of an infection?

    • Treatment of sewage to reduce water contamination

    • Destruction of vectors by spraying insecticides

    • Destruction of an animal reservoir of the infectious agent

    • All of the choices are used to reduce o eliminate the source of an infection

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the choices are used to reduce o eliminate the source of an infection
  • 23. 

    The first epidemiologist was

    • Robert koch

    • Louis pasteur

    • John snow

    • Edward jenner

    Correct Answer
    A. John snow
  • 24. 

    Immunity that is mediated by T lymphocytes is characterized as 

    • Cell-mediated

    • Antibody-mediated

    • Innate acquired

    • Innate natural

    • Humoral

    Correct Answer
    A. Cell-mediated
  • 25. 

    Antibiotics that are given by injection are said to have a (n) ____ route of administration

    • Oral

    • Venal

    • Parenteral

    • Topical

    Correct Answer
    A. Parenteral
  • 26. 

    Which of the following is likely to have the most toxic side effects to humans

    • Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

    • Inhibitors of protein synthesis

    • Disrupters of cell membrane structure

    • Inhibitors of DNA synthesis

    Correct Answer
    A. Disrupters of cell membrane structure
  • 27. 

    ____ is the site of maturation of T cells

    • Bursa of fabricius

    • Thymus

    • Spleen

    • Bone marrow

    • Lymph nodes

    Correct Answer
    A. Thymus
  • 28. 

    Public health surveillance is the proactive evaluation of

    • Genetic background

    • Environmental conditions

    • Human behaviors and lifestyle choices

    • Emerging infectious agents

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
  • 29. 

    Genes for drug resistance may be present 

    • On the chromosome

    • On plasmids

    • On mitochondrial DNA

    • Both on the chromosome and on plasmids

    • Both on plasmids and on mitochondrial DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. Both on the chromosome and on plasmids
  • 30. 

    Which of the following is not a way to avoid the devlopment of drug resistance in microorganisms

    • Use of correct levels of antimicrobial agent in the patient

    • Taking antibiotics until the patient feels better

    • Taking two antibiotics synergistcally

    • Taking antibiotics only when essential

    • Taking antibiotics as prescribed

    Correct Answer
    A. Taking antibiotics until the patient feels better
  • 31. 

    ____ immunity is an epidemiological concept that explains the resitance of a population to infection and the spread of an infectious organism due to the immunity of a high percentage of the population

    • Natural

    • Experimental

    • Herd

    • Innate

    Correct Answer
    A. Herd
  • 32. 

    Which of the following is the major focus of epidemiologists

    • The discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence

    • The development of methods for disease prevention

    • Measuring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents

    • Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and the development of methods for disease prevention

    • Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and measuring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents

    Correct Answer
    A. Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and the development of methods for disease prevention
  • 33. 

    Chemotherapeutic agents that are chemically modified natural products of microorganisms are most specifically referred to as ___

    • Antimicrobial agents

    • Synthetic drugs

    • Antibiotics

    • Semisynthetic drugs

    Correct Answer
    A. Semisynthetic drugs
  • 34. 

    Development of drug resistance is NOT discouraged by

    • Use of a high enough concentration of the drug to destroy any spontaneous resistant mutants that might arise

    • Use of two drugs simultaneously with the hope that each will prevent the emergence of resistance to the other

    • Avoidance of indiscriminate use of drugs

    • Widespread use of broad-spectrum drugs

    Correct Answer
    A. Widespread use of broad-spectrum drugs
  • 35. 

    Which of the folowing is not considered a mode of action by antibicrobial agents

    • Inhibition of protein synthesis

    • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

    • Alteration of membrane permeability

    • Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis

    • Disruption of selective toxicity

    Correct Answer
    A. Disruption of selective toxicity
  • 36. 

    Which of the following statements about antimetabolite compounds is NOT correct

    • An antimetabolite blocks metabolic pathways

    • Antimetabolites resemble a metabolite

    • Antimetabolites compete for enzymes active site

    • Normally enzymes are able to recognize the antimetabolite and avoid it

    Correct Answer
    A. Normally enzymes are able to recognize the antimetabolite and avoid it
  • 37. 

    Which type(s) of antigen-presenting cell can activate T cells?

    • Macrophages

    • B cells

    • Dendritic cells

    • All of the choices

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the choices
  • 38. 

    Type ___ hypersensitivity involves delayed, cell-mediated immune reactions

    • I

    • II

    • III

    • IV

    Correct Answer
    A. IV
  • 39. 

    Both humoral and cell0mediated immunity share the following attributes except

    • Distinguishes self from nonself

    • Specificity

    • Heterogeneity

    • Memory

    • First-line of defense

    Correct Answer
    A. First-line of defense

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Feb 18, 2013 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Feb 18, 2013
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • May 06, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Cassiebeermann
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