Microbiology Exam V - Summer 2011

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  • 1/153 Questions

    Inflammation of the sac around the heart

    • Macules
    • Tinea
    • Rickettsia rickettsii
    • Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Pericarditis
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About This Quiz

Microbiology Exam V - Summer 2011 assesses key microbiological concepts and diseases, focusing on mechanisms of transmission, pathogenic characteristics, and diagnostic criteria. It is crucial for students preparing for medical and health-related careers.

Microbiology Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    Small fluid-filled lesions on the skin

    • Streptococcus mutans

    • Shigella

    • Cryptosporidium parvum

    • Entamoeba histolytica

    • Vesicles

    Correct Answer
    A. Vesicles
    Explanation
    Vesicles are small fluid-filled lesions on the skin. They are often caused by viral infections such as herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus. Vesicles can also be a symptom of certain autoimmune disorders or allergic reactions. They appear as small, raised, and blister-like structures on the skin, filled with clear fluid. Vesicles can be itchy or painful and may rupture, leading to the formation of crusts or scabs. Treatment for vesicles depends on the underlying cause and may include antiviral medications, topical creams, or oral medications to relieve symptoms and promote healing.

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  • 3. 

    Ringworm of the feet

    • Tinea cruris

    • Tinea pedis

    • Tinea barbae

    • Tinea manuum

    • Tinea unguium

    Correct Answer
    A. Tinea pedis
    Explanation
    Tinea pedis, also known as athlete's foot, is a fungal infection that affects the feet. It is characterized by symptoms such as itching, redness, and peeling of the skin on the feet. The term "ringworm of the feet" refers to this specific condition, caused by the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Tinea cruris refers to a fungal infection of the groin area, tinea barbae is a fungal infection of the beard area, tinea manuum refers to a fungal infection of the hands, and tinea unguium is a fungal infection of the nails.

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  • 4. 

    The most common cause of vaginitis is

    • Candida albicans

    • Escherichia coli

    • Staphlococcus aureus

    • Streptococcus pyogenes

    • Pseudomonas aurginosa

    Correct Answer
    A. Candida albicans
    Explanation
    The most common cause of vaginitis is Candida albicans. This is because Candida albicans is a type of yeast that naturally resides in the vagina. However, when there is an overgrowth of this yeast, it can lead to an infection known as vaginal yeast infection or candidiasis. Factors such as hormonal changes, weakened immune system, antibiotic use, and poor hygiene can contribute to the overgrowth of Candida albicans. Symptoms of vaginitis caused by Candida albicans include itching, burning, and abnormal discharge. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications to eliminate the yeast overgrowth.

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  • 5. 

    Protozoan disease that causes irritation and profuse discharge in infected females

    • Malaria

    • Puerperal sepsis

    • Corynebacterium

    • Alveolar macrophages

    • Trichomonas vaginalis

    Correct Answer
    A. Trichomonas vaginalis
    Explanation
    Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes a sexually transmitted infection known as trichomoniasis. It primarily affects females and can cause irritation and inflammation in the genital area, leading to a profuse discharge. This infection is characterized by symptoms such as itching, burning, and discomfort during urination or sexual intercourse. Therefore, trichomonas vaginalis is the correct answer for the given description.

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  • 6. 

    African sleeping sickness

    • Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

    • Naegleria fowleri

    • Candidiasis

    • Meningococcal

    • Tetanus

    Correct Answer
    A. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
    Explanation
    Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the correct answer because it is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness. African sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies. The parasite affects the central nervous system, causing symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headaches, and sleep disturbances. If left untreated, it can lead to severe neurological complications and death. Therefore, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the most appropriate answer among the given options.

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  • 7. 

    Lyme disease is transmitted by

    • Flies

    • Droplets

    • Lice

    • Fleas

    • Ticks

    Correct Answer
    A. Ticks
    Explanation
    Lyme disease is primarily transmitted by ticks. Ticks are small arachnids that attach themselves to the skin of animals or humans and feed on their blood. When an infected tick bites a person, it can transmit the bacteria that cause Lyme disease into their bloodstream. This is why it is important to take precautions, such as wearing protective clothing and using insect repellent, when in areas where ticks are known to be prevalent.

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  • 8. 

    Oral lesions called Koplik's spots are seen in patients with

    • Croup

    • Mumps

    • Influenza

    • Measles (rubeola)

    • Rubella

    Correct Answer
    A. Measles (rubeola)
    Explanation
    Koplik's spots are small white spots that appear on the inside of the cheeks and are characteristic of measles (rubeola). They are caused by the measles virus and are typically seen a few days before the onset of the rash. Croup, mumps, influenza, and rubella do not typically present with Koplik's spots, making measles the correct answer.

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  • 9. 

    Thrush

    • Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

    • Naegleria fowleri

    • Candidiasis

    • Meningococcal

    • Tetanus

    Correct Answer
    A. Candidiasis
    Explanation
    Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast. It can affect various parts of the body, including the mouth, throat, genitals, and skin. Common symptoms include white patches in the mouth or throat, itching and burning sensations, and vaginal discharge in women. Risk factors for candidiasis include weakened immune system, diabetes, pregnancy, and the use of certain medications like antibiotics or corticosteroids. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications, both topical and oral. Candidiasis is not caused by a parasite like Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or Naegleria fowleri, or bacteria like Meningococcal or Tetanus.

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  • 10. 

    What is the bacterium responsible for inflammatory acne?

    • Propionic bacterium

    • Inflammatoria acne

    • Propionibacterium acne

    • Actinobacteria inflammus

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Propionibacterium acne
    Explanation
    Propionibacterium acne is the correct answer for the bacterium responsible for inflammatory acne. This bacterium is commonly found on the skin and is associated with the formation of acne. It plays a role in the inflammation and infection of the hair follicles, leading to the development of inflammatory acne.

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  • 11. 

    Genital warts

    • Papillomaviruses

    • Enanthem

    • Erysipelas

    • Pyocyanin

    • Tetanospasmin

    Correct Answer
    A. Papillomaviruses
    Explanation
    Papillomaviruses are responsible for causing genital warts. These viruses are transmitted through sexual contact and can lead to the development of warts on the genitals, anus, or surrounding areas. Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection and can vary in size and appearance. They can be flesh-colored, pink, or gray and may be raised or flat. Papillomaviruses can also cause other types of warts, such as common warts and plantar warts, which appear on the hands, fingers, feet, or toes. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have genital warts, as treatment options are available.

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  • 12. 

    Which organism is a common cause of meningitis in AIDS patients and can be found in bird droppings?

    • Listeria monocytogenes

    • Haemophilus influenza

    • Neisseria meningitidis

    • Cryptococcus neoformans

    • Streptococcus agalactiae

    Correct Answer
    A. Cryptococcus neoformans
    Explanation
    Cryptococcus neoformans is a common cause of meningitis in AIDS patients and can be found in bird droppings. This organism is a type of fungus that is commonly found in soil and bird droppings, particularly those of pigeons. It can be inhaled and cause infection in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with AIDS. Meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

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  • 13. 

    Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

    • Rickettsia

    • Schistosoma

    • Anapheles

    • Dermacentor

    Correct Answer
    A. Rickettsia
    Explanation
    Rickettsia is the correct answer because Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is a tick-borne disease caused by the bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii. Rickettsia is a genus of bacteria that are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, fleas, or lice. In the case of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, the bacteria is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks belonging to the Dermacentor genus. Therefore, Rickettsia is the most relevant and appropriate option among the given choices.

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  • 14. 

    Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

    • Macules

    • Tinea

    • Rickettsia rickettsii

    • Borrelia burgdorferi

    • Pericarditis

    Correct Answer
    A. Rickettsia rickettsii
    Explanation
    Rickettsia rickettsii is the correct answer because it is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, a tick-borne illness. This bacterium is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, specifically the American dog tick and the Rocky Mountain wood tick. The disease presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, rash, and in severe cases, can lead to organ damage and even death if not treated promptly. Therefore, Rickettsia rickettsii is the most appropriate answer in this context.

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  • 15. 

    Meningitis is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis

    • Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

    • Naegleria fowleri

    • Candidiasis

    • Meningococcal

    • Tetanus

    Correct Answer
    A. Meningococcal
    Explanation
    Meningococcal refers to the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, which is known to cause meningitis. Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and it can be caused by various pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In this case, the correct answer suggests that the specific bacterium Neisseria meningitidis is responsible for causing meningitis.

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  • 16. 

    Blood is a mixture of all of the following

    • Plasma

    • RBCs

    • WBCs

    • A and B

    • A, B, and C

    Correct Answer
    A. A, B, and C
    Explanation
    Blood is a mixture of plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs). Plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products. RBCs, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues. WBCs, or leukocytes, play a crucial role in the immune system by defending the body against infections and foreign substances. Therefore, the correct answer is A, B, and C, as all of these components are present in blood.

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  • 17. 

    Neurotoxin that blocks the nerve pathway that signals muscle relaxation (clostridium tetani)

    • Papillomaviruses

    • Enanthem

    • Erysipelas

    • Pyocyanin

    • Tetanospasmin

    Correct Answer
    A. Tetanospasmin
    Explanation
    Tetanospasmin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium tetani. It works by blocking the nerve pathway that signals muscle relaxation, leading to sustained muscle contractions and spasms. This causes the condition known as tetanus.

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  • 18. 

    A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves

    • Chest X-ray

    • Acid-fast stain of sputum

    • Sputum culture

    • Tuburculin skin test

    • All of the choices are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the choices are correct
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the choices are correct" because a diagnosis of tuberculosis typically involves multiple tests and examinations. A chest X-ray is commonly used to detect abnormalities in the lungs that may indicate tuberculosis. Acid-fast stain of sputum is performed to identify the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. Sputum culture is used to confirm the presence of the bacteria and determine its drug susceptibility. The tuberculin skin test is used to assess a person's immune response to tuberculosis. Therefore, all of these choices are correct when it comes to diagnosing tuberculosis.

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  • 19. 

    One virulence factor of Mycobacterium leprae is the ability to live inside

    • Skin cells

    • Nerve cells

    • Schwann cells

    • Macrophages

    • Muscle cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Macrophages
    Explanation
    Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium that causes leprosy, has the ability to live inside macrophages. Macrophages are immune cells that play a crucial role in engulfing and destroying pathogens. However, Mycobacterium leprae can evade the immune system by residing within macrophages, allowing it to persist and cause infection. This ability to survive inside macrophages is a significant virulence factor of the bacterium, as it enables it to evade immune responses and establish a chronic infection.

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  • 20. 

    Growth of bacteria in the blood

    • Streptomyces

    • Septicemia

    • Saxitoxin

    • Multiple sclerosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Septicemia
    Explanation
    Septicemia refers to a serious bloodstream infection caused by bacteria. The growth of bacteria in the blood can lead to septicemia, which is a life-threatening condition if left untreated. It occurs when bacteria from an infection in another part of the body enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. This can cause a systemic inflammatory response, leading to symptoms such as fever, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and organ dysfunction. Prompt medical intervention, including antibiotics and supportive care, is crucial in treating septicemia and preventing complications.

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  • 21. 

    Grave's disease is an immune reaction against the thyroid gland receptor sites that causes excessive production of thyroid hormones.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. This immune reaction leads to the overstimulation of the thyroid gland, causing it to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Therefore, the statement that Grave's disease is an immune reaction against the thyroid gland receptor sites that causes excessive production of thyroid hormones is true.

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  • 22. 

    The causative agent of the bubonic plague is

    • Borrelia burgdorferi

    • Rickettsia typhi

    • Rickettsia rickettsii

    • Yersinia pestis

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Yersinia pestis
    Explanation
    Yersinia pestis is the correct answer because it is the bacterium responsible for causing the bubonic plague. This bacterium is primarily transmitted through fleas that infest rats and other small mammals. When a flea bites an infected animal, it can then transmit the bacteria to humans. The bubonic plague is a severe and potentially deadly disease that causes symptoms such as fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes, and ultimately, if left untreated, can lead to organ failure and death.

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  • 23. 

    A fungal infection of the body

    • Mycosis

    • Herpes viruses

    • Sarcoptes scabiei

    • Pediculus

    • Hyperbaric

    Correct Answer
    A. Mycosis
    Explanation
    Mycosis refers to a fungal infection of the body. It is a general term used to describe any infection caused by fungi, which can affect various parts of the body such as the skin, nails, or internal organs. Fungal infections are common and can be caused by different types of fungi, including yeasts and molds. Treatment for mycosis usually involves antifungal medications to eliminate the infection and relieve symptoms.

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  • 24. 

    Disease caused by the bite of the anopheles mosquito

    • Malaria

    • Puerperal sepsis

    • Corynebacterium

    • Alveolar macrophages

    • Trichomonas vaginalis

    Correct Answer
    A. Malaria
    Explanation
    Malaria is a disease caused by the bite of the Anopheles mosquito. The mosquito carries a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted to humans through its bite. Once inside the human body, the parasite multiplies and infects the red blood cells, causing symptoms such as fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Malaria is a significant global health problem, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. It can be prevented through the use of mosquito nets, insect repellents, and antimalarial medications.

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  • 25. 

    Cells that may ingest tuberculosis bacilli

    • Malaria

    • Puerperal sepsis

    • Corynebacterium

    • Alveolar macrophages

    • Trichomonas vaginalis

    Correct Answer
    A. Alveolar macrophages
    Explanation
    Alveolar macrophages are cells found in the lungs that have the ability to ingest and eliminate foreign particles, including tuberculosis bacilli. These macrophages play a crucial role in the immune response against tuberculosis infection by engulfing and destroying the bacteria. Therefore, alveolar macrophages are the cells that may ingest tuberculosis bacilli.

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  • 26. 

    The oily secretion that lubricates the hair follicles of the skin is

    • Sebum

    • Eczema

    • Suder

    • Acne

    Correct Answer
    A. Sebum
    Explanation
    Sebum is the oily secretion produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. It lubricates the hair follicles, keeping them moisturized and preventing them from becoming dry and brittle. Sebum also helps to protect the skin by forming a barrier against bacteria and other harmful substances. Eczema, suder, and acne are not related to the lubrication of hair follicles.

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  • 27. 

    Pathogen grows at refrigerator temperatures

    • Bordetella pertussis

    • Ghon complexes

    • Listeria monocytogenes

    • Schistosoma spp.

    • Neuraminidase

    Correct Answer
    A. Listeria monocytogenes
    Explanation
    Listeria monocytogenes is the correct answer because it is a pathogen that is known to grow at refrigerator temperatures. Unlike most bacteria that cannot grow in cold temperatures, Listeria monocytogenes can thrive and multiply in refrigerated environments, making it a significant concern for food safety. This ability to grow at low temperatures increases the risk of contamination and foodborne illnesses associated with Listeria monocytogenes.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following provides the eye with its best defense against microorganisms?

    • Conjunctiva

    • Eyelids

    • Lymphocytes

    • Tears

    • Eyelashes

    Correct Answer
    A. Tears
    Explanation
    Tears provide the eye with its best defense against microorganisms because they contain lysozyme, an enzyme that has antibacterial properties. When tears are produced, they help to wash away any foreign particles or microorganisms that may come into contact with the eye, preventing infection. Additionally, tears also contain other immune components such as antibodies and antimicrobial proteins that further enhance the eye's defense against microorganisms.

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  • 29. 

    Whooping cough

    • Bordetella pertussis

    • Ghon complexes

    • Listeria monocytogenes

    • Schistosoma spp.

    • Neuraminidase

    Correct Answer
    A. Bordetella pertussis
    Explanation
    Bordetella pertussis is the correct answer because it is the causative agent of whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory infection. The other options, such as ghon complexes, listeria monocytogenes, schistosoma spp., and neuraminidase, are not associated with whooping cough.

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  • 30. 

    Which of the following methods can be used as a diagnosis of syphilis?

    • Direct microscopic ID

    • Staining with FA

    • ELISA

    • None of the above methods can be used for diagnosis

    • All of the above methods can be used for diagnosis

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above methods can be used for diagnosis
    Explanation
    All of the above methods can be used for the diagnosis of syphilis. Direct microscopic ID involves examining samples under a microscope to detect the presence of the bacteria causing syphilis. Staining with FA (fluorescent antibody) is a technique that uses fluorescently labeled antibodies to identify specific antigens, such as those found in syphilis bacteria. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a blood test that detects antibodies produced by the body in response to syphilis infection. Therefore, all three methods can be used to diagnose syphilis.

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  • 31. 

    Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of

    • Charlie's disease

    • Thrush

    • Herpes

    • Chaga's disease

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Chaga's disease
    Explanation
    Trypanosoma cruzi is a parasitic protozoan that causes Chaga's disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis. This disease is primarily found in Central and South America and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected triatomine bugs, also known as "kissing bugs." Chaga's disease can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, body aches, and swollen lymph nodes. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications, such as heart and digestive system damage. Therefore, the correct answer is Chaga's disease.

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  • 32. 

    Ringworm of the beard

    • Tinea cruris

    • Tinea pedis

    • Tinea barbae

    • Tinea manuum

    • Tinea unguium

    Correct Answer
    A. Tinea barbae
    Explanation
    Tinea barbae is a fungal infection that affects the beard area. It is caused by dermatophytes, which are a type of fungi. The infection can cause redness, itching, and scaling of the affected area. Tinea barbae is more common in men and can be spread through direct contact with an infected person or by using contaminated objects such as towels or razors. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications, both topical and oral, to eliminate the infection.

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  • 33. 

    The most immediate and important treatment needed to prevent death in cholera victims is

    • Water and electrolyte replacement

    • Antimicrobials

    • Antitoxin

    • Surgery

    • None of the choices are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Water and electrolyte replacement
    Explanation
    The most immediate and important treatment needed to prevent death in cholera victims is water and electrolyte replacement. Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease that causes rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Replenishing fluids and electrolytes is crucial in preventing death from dehydration and maintaining proper bodily functions. Antimicrobials may be used to treat the underlying infection, but the immediate priority is restoring the body's fluid balance. Antitoxin and surgery are not relevant in the treatment of cholera.

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  • 34. 

    T cells attack the myelin sheath of the nervous system

    • Streptomyces

    • Septicemia

    • Saxitoxin

    • Multiple sclerosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Multiple sclerosis
    Explanation
    Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers, known as the myelin sheath, in the central nervous system. This leads to disruption in the transmission of nerve signals, causing a range of symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty in coordination, and problems with speech and vision. Streptomyces is a type of bacteria, septicemia refers to a bloodstream infection, and saxitoxin is a potent neurotoxin, none of which are directly related to the attack on the myelin sheath seen in multiple sclerosis.

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  • 35. 

    German measles is caused by

    • Rubella virus

    • Rubeola virus

    • Herpes virus

    • HIV virus

    • Papillomavirus

    Correct Answer
    A. Rubella virus
    Explanation
    German measles, also known as rubella, is caused by the rubella virus. Rubella is a highly contagious viral infection that is spread through respiratory droplets. It primarily affects children and young adults, causing a rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Rubella can be particularly dangerous for pregnant women, as it can lead to severe birth defects in the developing fetus. The other options listed, such as rubeola virus, herpes virus, HIV virus, and papillomavirus, do not cause German measles.

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  • 36. 

    Gp120 binds to

    • Protein A

    • Reverse transcriptase

    • CD8

    • CD4

    Correct Answer
    A. CD4
    Explanation
    gp120 is a glycoprotein found on the surface of HIV virus that is responsible for binding to the CD4 receptor on the surface of T-helper cells. This binding is crucial for the virus to enter the host cell and initiate the infection. Therefore, the correct answer is CD4.

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  • 37. 

    The normal biota of the CNS consists of

    • Neisseria meningitidis

    • Herpes Simplex I

    • Herpes Simplex II

    • Streptococcus agalactiae

    • The CNS has no normal biota

    Correct Answer
    A. The CNS has no normal biota
    Explanation
    The central nervous system (CNS) is a highly protected and sterile environment, which means that it does not have a normal biota. This is because the CNS is enclosed within the skull and spinal column, and is surrounded by protective barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. These barriers prevent the entry of microorganisms into the CNS, thereby maintaining its sterility. Therefore, the statement that the CNS has no normal biota is correct.

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  • 38. 

    __________ occurs when bacteria flourish and grow in the blood stream.

    • Viremia

    • Fungemia

    • Hemovirus

    • Bacteremia

    • Septicemia

    Correct Answer
    A. Septicemia
    Explanation
    Septicemia occurs when bacteria flourish and grow in the bloodstream. This condition is characterized by the presence of bacteria in the blood, leading to a systemic infection. It is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that can result in organ failure and septic shock. Prompt medical intervention is crucial to treat septicemia and prevent further complications.

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  • 39. 

    All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except

    • Have an immunodefficiency

    • Have CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm3 of blood

    • Get repeated, life-threatening opportunistic infections

    • Can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders

    • Highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States

    Correct Answer
    A. Highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States
    Explanation
    Patients with AIDS can have an immunodeficiency, CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm3 of blood, repeated, life-threatening opportunistic infections, and can develop unusual cancers and neurological disorders. However, the statement that the highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States is not true. This statement is incorrect because the highest number of AIDS cases worldwide is actually in sub-Saharan Africa.

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  • 40. 

    Infection of the dermal layer of the skin by streptococcus pyogenes

    • Papillomaviruses

    • Enanthem

    • Erysipelas

    • Pyocyanin

    • Tetanospasmin

    Correct Answer
    A. Erysipelas
    Explanation
    Erysipelas is a bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes that affects the dermal layer of the skin. It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain in the affected area. This explanation provides a clear and concise description of erysipelas and its association with the given correct answer.

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  • 41. 

    Shingles

    • Mycosis

    • Herpes viruses

    • Sarcoptes scabiei

    • Pediculus

    • Hyperbaric

    Correct Answer
    A. Herpes viruses
    Explanation
    The correct answer is herpes viruses. Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which is a type of herpes virus. This virus is responsible for both chickenpox and shingles. Shingles is characterized by a painful rash that usually appears on one side of the body. It is important to note that while shingles is caused by a herpes virus, it is not the same as genital herpes or cold sores, which are caused by different types of herpes viruses.

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  • 42. 

    Sheep liver fluke

    • Clonorchis sinensis

    • Schistoma spp.

    • Fasciola hepatica

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Fasciola hepatica
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "fasciola hepatica" because it is the only option that matches the given term "sheep liver fluke". Clonorchis sinensis is a type of liver fluke that infects humans and other animals, not specifically sheep. Schistoma spp. refers to a group of parasitic worms that cause schistosomiasis, a different type of infection. "None of the above" is not applicable as there is a correct answer provided.

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  • 43. 

    Ringworm

    • Diphyllobothrium latum

    • Enterobius vermicularis

    • Strongyloides stercoralis

    • Taenia solium

    • Tinea

    • Ascaris lumbricoides

    • Necator americanus

    Correct Answer
    A. Tinea
    Explanation
    Tinea is a fungal infection of the skin, commonly known as ringworm. It is caused by various species of fungi, including Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Tinea can affect different parts of the body, such as the scalp, body, feet, and nails. It is characterized by a red, itchy rash that may have a ring-shaped appearance. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, both topical and oral, to eliminate the infection. Tinea is not caused by any of the other mentioned parasites or worms, making it the correct answer.

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  • 44. 

    "Rice water stools" are associated with disease caused by this organism

    • Vibrio fulnificus

    • Vibrio parahaemolyticus

    • Vibrio cholerae

    • Campylobacter jejuni

    • Helicobacter pylori

    Correct Answer
    A. Vibrio cholerae
    Explanation
    "Rice water stools" are a characteristic symptom of cholera, a disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness that results in the production of large amounts of watery stools that resemble rice water in appearance. Vibrio cholerae is a bacterium that infects the small intestine and produces a toxin that leads to the excessive secretion of water and electrolytes, resulting in the characteristic rice water stools.

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  • 45. 

    Impetigo is caused by

    • Propionibacterium acnes

    • Corynebacterium diphtheriae

    • Staphylococcus aureus

    • Streptococcus pyogenes

    • Both staph. aureus and strep. pyogenes

    Correct Answer
    A. Both staph. aureus and strep. pyogenes
    Explanation
    Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection that is commonly caused by both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. These bacteria can enter the body through cuts, abrasions, or insect bites, leading to the development of small blisters or sores on the skin. The infection spreads easily through direct contact with the affected person or contaminated objects. Both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes produce toxins that contribute to the characteristic symptoms of impetigo, such as redness, itching, and the formation of a yellowish crust. Treatment typically involves topical or oral antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial infection.

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  • 46. 

    Which of the following is a sexually transmitted disease?

    • Toxoplasmosis

    • Trichomoniasis

    • Giardiasis

    • Malaria

    • Balantidiasis

    Correct Answer
    A. Trichomoniasis
    Explanation
    Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. It is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Symptoms of trichomoniasis include itching, burning, and discharge in the genital area. It can be easily treated with antibiotics. Toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, malaria, and balantidiasis are not sexually transmitted diseases. Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite found in cat feces, giardiasis is caused by a parasite found in contaminated food or water, malaria is caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites, and balantidiasis is caused by a parasite found in contaminated food or water.

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  • 47. 

    The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the

    • Epicardium

    • Myocardium

    • Endocardium

    • Pericardium

    • Ectocardium

    Correct Answer
    A. Pericardium
    Explanation
    The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is called the pericardium. The pericardium is a double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart and provides protection and support. It consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous layer. The fibrous layer is tough and dense, while the serous layer is smooth and lubricated, allowing the heart to beat and move within the pericardial sac without friction. The pericardium also helps to prevent the heart from overfilling with blood and helps maintain its position within the chest cavity.

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  • 48. 

    Ringworm

    • Macules

    • Tinea

    • Rickettsia rickettsii

    • Borrelia burgdorferi

    • Pericarditis

    Correct Answer
    A. Tinea
    Explanation
    Tinea is the correct answer because it is a common fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails. It is also known as ringworm, which causes red, scaly patches that may itch or cause a burning sensation. The other options, Macules, Rickettsia rickettsii, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Pericarditis, are unrelated to ringworm and do not fit the description of the given term.

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  • 49. 

    The main causative agent of gas gangrene is

    • Clostridium tetani

    • Clostridium botilinum

    • Clostridium sporogenes

    • Clostridium perfringens

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Clostridium perfringens
    Explanation
    Clostridium perfringens is the correct answer for the main causative agent of gas gangrene. Gas gangrene is a severe and potentially life-threatening infection that occurs when the bacteria Clostridium perfringens invades deep muscle tissue. This bacterium is commonly found in soil and can enter the body through open wounds, surgical sites, or deep puncture wounds. Once inside the body, it produces toxins that destroy tissue and cause the characteristic symptoms of gas gangrene, including severe pain, swelling, and the production of gas bubbles in the affected area. Prompt medical treatment is necessary to prevent the spread of infection and potential complications.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 21, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jul 27, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Stephens
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