Michigan Cosmetology Exam Review (Milady Standard) 2012; Chapter 5

At the end of the day, it is important to properly clean the nonwhirlpool foot basin or tub to maintain hygiene and prevent the spread of bacteria or infections. Adding the appropriate amount of disinfectant is necessary to kill any remaining germs. Allowing the disinfectant to soak for 10 minutes ensures that it has enough time to effectively eliminate any potential pathogens. This duration allows for thorough disinfection and ensures a clean and safe environment for the next use.

Disinfectants used in salons must carry an EPA registration number because the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is responsible for regulating and ensuring the safety and effectiveness of disinfectants. The EPA registration number indicates that the disinfectant has been tested and approved by the EPA for use in salons, ensuring that it meets the necessary standards for disinfection and minimizing the risk of spreading infections or diseases.

OSHA, or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, publishes the guidelines known as universal precautions. These guidelines are designed to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in the workplace. OSHA sets standards and regulations to ensure the safety and health of workers, and the universal precautions guidelines are part of their efforts to protect employees from exposure to bloodborne pathogens and other potentially hazardous materials. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) focuses on regulating food, drugs, and medical devices, while the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is responsible for public health and disease control. The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) focuses on environmental protection and regulation.

If a disinfection product is labeled as "concentrate," it means that the product needs to be diluted before use. This is because the concentrate is a highly concentrated form of the disinfectant, and using it directly without diluting it can be too strong and potentially harmful. Diluting the product with water helps to create a solution that is safe and effective for use.

A microorganism refers to any organism that is extremely small, ranging from microscopic to submicroscopic in size. Staphylococci, streptococci, and mycobacterium are all examples of specific types of microorganisms. Therefore, the correct answer is microorganism, as it encompasses all organisms of microscopic to submicroscopic size.

Fumigants are no longer used in salons because they produce potentially harmful formaldehyde gas. This suggests that there was a shift in practices and regulations regarding the use of fumigants due to their harmful effects. The phrase "no longer used" implies that there was a change in the industry, possibly prompted by health concerns, and fumigants are now avoided to ensure the safety of salon workers and customers.

When disinfecting a whirlpool foot spa after use by a client, it is necessary to circulate the disinfectant for a sufficient amount of time to ensure effective disinfection. The recommended time for this process is 10 minutes. This duration allows the disinfectant to thoroughly penetrate and eliminate any potential pathogens or bacteria that may be present in the foot spa. Following the manufacturer's instructions is crucial to ensure proper disinfection and maintain a clean and safe environment for clients.

Porous items have small holes or spaces that allow liquids or gases to pass through. This characteristic allows them to absorb liquids, making them absorbent. Therefore, items that are porous are also considered absorbent.

Antiseptics are substances that can kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, including germs. They are commonly used to clean and disinfect wounds, as well as to sanitize the skin before medical procedures. In this case, the correct answer is "killing germs on the hands," as antiseptics can effectively eliminate harmful bacteria and viruses on the skin, promoting hand hygiene and reducing the risk of infection transmission.

Hepatitis B is the most difficult form of hepatitis to kill on a surface. This is because the virus that causes hepatitis B is highly resistant and can survive outside the body for up to seven days. It can withstand harsh environmental conditions and remain infectious, making it more challenging to eliminate from surfaces compared to other forms of hepatitis.

The correct answer is "clean and disinfect." This is because the sentence mentions the need for equipment such as whirlpool spas to be cleaned and sterilized, indicating the need for thorough cleaning and disinfection to ensure proper hygiene and safety.

Occupational diseases are illnesses that are caused or exacerbated by specific conditions or exposures in the workplace. Unlike contagious diseases, which are spread from person to person, occupational diseases are directly related to the work environment and the tasks performed. Pathogenic diseases refer to diseases caused by pathogens, which can include both contagious and non-contagious diseases. Systemic diseases, on the other hand, are diseases that affect the entire body and are not limited to a specific organ or system. Therefore, the correct answer for illnesses resulting from conditions associated with employment is occupational diseases.

Diagnosis refers to the process of determining the nature of a disease based on its symptoms and/or tests. It involves analyzing and interpreting the signs and symptoms exhibited by a patient, as well as conducting various medical tests to confirm the presence of a specific disease or condition. Through diagnosis, healthcare professionals are able to identify and understand the underlying cause of a patient's illness, which is essential for developing an appropriate treatment plan.

The correct answer is HPV. HPV stands for Human Papillomavirus, which is the scientific name for plantar warts. HPV is a common viral infection that can cause warts on various parts of the body, including the feet. Plantar warts specifically refer to warts that develop on the soles of the feet. It is important to note that HPV is not the same as HIV, AIDS, or HBV, which are different viral infections with their own specific characteristics and effects on the body.

Pathogenic disease is the correct answer because it refers to a disease caused by a pathogen, which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These organisms are capable of causing illness or infection in the host organism. The term "pathogenic" specifically highlights the ability of the disease-causing organism to produce harmful effects in the body. This answer is appropriate because it accurately describes the relationship between organisms and the diseases they cause.

To maintain proper hygiene and prevent the growth of bacteria and germs, it is recommended to clean a whirlpool foot spa at least once a week. Regular cleaning helps to remove dirt, oils, and dead skin cells that can accumulate in the spa. Leaving a disinfectant solution in the spa overnight further ensures that any remaining bacteria or germs are eliminated. Cleaning the foot spa frequently helps to ensure a clean and safe environment for users and prevents the risk of infections or skin issues.

Phenolic disinfectants are the correct answer because they have a high pH and can cause skin irritation or burn the skin or eyes. Phenolic disinfectants are known for their strong antimicrobial properties and are commonly used in healthcare settings. However, they can be harsh on the skin and eyes, causing irritation or burns if not used properly. It is important to follow safety guidelines and use protective equipment when handling phenolic disinfectants.

Tuberculocidal disinfectants are effective against tuberculosis-causing bacteria, which are highly resistant and difficult to kill. Therefore, they are strong disinfectants that can also effectively kill other types of harmful bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Since some disinfectants can be harmful to salon tools and equipment, it is important to use tuberculocidal disinfectants cautiously and follow proper guidelines to ensure the safety and longevity of the tools and equipment.

Accelerated hydrogen peroxide (AHP) is a newly approved disinfectant that has a longer-lasting effect compared to traditional disinfectants. It is formulated to remain effective for a longer period of time, reducing the need for frequent changes. The correct answer of 14 days suggests that AHP can maintain its disinfectant properties for two weeks before requiring a replacement. This longer duration allows for more convenience and cost-effectiveness in maintaining a clean and sanitized environment.

A systemic disease refers to a condition that affects the entire body rather than being localized to a specific organ or system. This can be caused by the under or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. In contrast, an infectious disease is caused by the invasion of pathogens such as viruses or bacteria, while an occupational disease is related to the exposure to certain hazards in the workplace. Contagious diseases are those that can be easily transmitted from one person to another. Therefore, the best answer is "systemic" as it accurately describes a disease that affects the body as a whole due to the dysfunction of internal organs or glands.

A disease is an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of functioning normally. It refers to any deviation from the normal functioning of the body, which can affect one or multiple organs or systems. Diseases can be caused by various factors such as infections, genetic disorders, environmental factors, or lifestyle choices. They can manifest with a wide range of symptoms and can vary in severity from mild to life-threatening.

Antimicrobial and antibacterial soaps are no more effective than regular soaps or detergents. This means that these specialized soaps do not provide any additional benefits in terms of killing germs compared to regular soaps. The use of antimicrobial and antibacterial soaps has been debated, with some studies suggesting that they may contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is generally recommended to use regular soaps for handwashing, as they are just as effective in removing dirt and germs.

The term "infectious" refers to something that is caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection. It implies that a disease or condition can be spread from one person to another through direct or indirect contact. This can include viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens that can cause illness. "Contagious" is a synonym for infectious and is often used interchangeably. "Diseased" refers to a state of being affected by a disease, but it does not specifically imply transmission. "Fungicidal" is unrelated to the concept of transmission and refers to something that kills fungi.

The correct answer is intermediate contaminated object. This refers to an object that has been contaminated with blood or body fluids and can transmit the infection to another person indirectly. In this case, it could be a razor or an environmental surface that has not been properly disinfected after coming into contact with contaminated fluids.

An infectious disease is caused by pathogenic microorganisms that enter the body, and it can be spread from one person to another. This means that the disease-causing microorganisms can be transmitted through various modes such as direct contact, airborne droplets, or contaminated surfaces. Systemic diseases, on the other hand, affect the entire body or multiple organ systems. Occupational diseases are specific to certain occupations or workplace exposures. Contagious diseases are a subset of infectious diseases that are easily transmitted from one person to another. Therefore, the correct answer is infectious disease.

Decontamination refers to the process of removing potentially infectious materials from an item's surface, as well as eliminating visible debris or residue. This process aims to reduce the risk of spreading infections and maintaining a clean and safe environment. Disinfection involves killing or inactivating microorganisms on surfaces, cleaning involves removing dirt and impurities, and sterilization refers to the complete elimination of all microorganisms. However, decontamination specifically focuses on removing potentially infectious materials and visible debris, making it the most appropriate answer in this context.