Classification Of Microorganisms

Explanation
Microorganisms are not visible to the naked eye as they are extremely small in size. They can only be seen under a microscope. Therefore, the statement that microorganisms can be seen with the naked eye is false.

Explanation
Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists, are indeed found almost everywhere. They can be found in soil, water, air, on surfaces, and even inside the human body. These microorganisms play crucial roles in various ecosystems, such as nutrient cycling, decomposition, and symbiotic relationships. They can also cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Therefore, it is true that microorganisms are widely distributed and can be found in nearly every environment on Earth.

Explanation
Some bacteria are capable of synthesizing food through chemosynthesis, a process that involves using chemical energy from oxidizing chemicals like nitrite. This allows them to convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds, serving as a source of energy for their survival. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
Parasites are organisms that rely on a host organism to obtain food and survive. They live off the nutrients and energy provided by the host, often causing harm or disease in the process. Therefore, it is true that parasites obtain food from living organisms.

Explanation
Dark and damp places are conducive environments for the growth and accumulation of decaying matter and bodies of living organisms. The lack of light and moisture in these places creates conditions that promote the decomposition and decay of organic material, providing a suitable habitat for various organisms. This makes the statement "Dark and damp places include decaying matter and bodies of living organisms" true.

Explanation
Fungi are not multicellular microorganisms, but rather they can be either multicellular or unicellular. Yeast, which is a type of fungi, is unicellular. Therefore, the statement "Some fungi are multicellular microorganisms such as yeast" is false.

Explanation
The statement is false because saprophytic organisms do not feed on living organisms. They obtain their nutrition by decomposing dead organic matter. Plasmodium, on the other hand, is a parasitic organism that feeds on cells in the human body, not a saprophyte.

Explanation
Viruses are considered to be acellular entities because they lack the basic components of a cell, such as cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus. Unlike cells, viruses cannot carry out metabolic processes or reproduce on their own. Instead, they rely on infecting host cells and hijacking their cellular machinery to replicate. Therefore, the statement that viruses do not have cytoplasm, plasma membrane, or nucleus is true.

Explanation
The given statement is true because viral DNA relies on the resources and machinery present in the host cell to replicate. Once the virus enters a host cell, it takes control of the cell's machinery and uses it to produce new copies of its DNA. This process allows the virus to multiply and spread throughout the host's body. Without the host cell's materials and mechanisms, the viral DNA would not be able to replicate and the virus would not be able to survive and propagate.

Explanation
Algae are photosynthetic organisms that contain chloroplasts, which allow them to convert sunlight into energy. They also have a nucleus, which contains their genetic material, and cytoplasm, which is the fluid-filled region inside the cell. However, algae do not have cilia, which are hair-like structures used for movement. Therefore, the statement that algae have cilia is false.