Mental Health & DSM

The global assessment of functioning (GAF) is a measure used in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to assess an individual's overall level of functioning. It scores on a scale of 0-100, with higher scores indicating better functioning. The GAF is categorized as Axis V in the DSM, which is used to assess the individual's current level of functioning and any psychosocial stressors that may be impacting their mental health.

Axis II

Bipolar disorder is considered a mood disorder because it is characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy levels, and activity levels. People with bipolar disorder experience episodes of mania, which involve elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsive behavior, as well as episodes of depression, which involve feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. These mood swings can significantly impact a person's daily life and functioning. Therefore, bipolar disorder is classified as a mood disorder rather than any of the other options provided.

Personality disorders are classified under Axis II on the DSM IV. Axis II is specifically dedicated to diagnosing and categorizing personality disorders and developmental disorders. This axis focuses on long-standing patterns of behavior and traits that affect an individual's functioning and interpersonal relationships. Axis II disorders are considered to be more chronic and ingrained compared to the disorders listed under Axis I, which include conditions like mood disorders and anxiety disorders.

Axis IV in the DSM-5 is used to assess psychosocial and environmental problems that may contribute to the development or exacerbation of mental health disorders. Socio-economic status can have a significant impact on a person's mental health, as individuals with lower socio-economic status may face increased stress, limited access to resources, and higher rates of mental health disorders. Therefore, problems that occur as a result of socio-economic status are considered under Axis IV.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered an anxiety disorder because it is characterized by persistent and intrusive thoughts (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety. People with OCD experience high levels of anxiety and distress when they are unable to perform these rituals or when their obsessions become uncontrollable. Therefore, OCD falls under the category of anxiety disorders rather than mood disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, or depressive disorders.

Axis III on the DSM IV is used to classify general medical conditions that may be relevant to psychological problems. This includes physical illnesses or conditions, such as terminal cancer, that can contribute to the development or exacerbation of psychological symptoms, such as depression. By categorizing these medical conditions on Axis III, clinicians can better understand the impact of physical health on mental health and develop appropriate treatment plans.

The given disorders, including schizophrenia, mood disorders, somatoform disorders, anxiety disorders, and dissociative disorders, are categorized under Axis I. Axis I is used in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to classify clinical disorders that are considered the primary focus of treatment. These disorders typically involve significant distress or impairment in functioning and require clinical attention.

Clinical disorders fall under Axis I on the DSM IV. Axis I is used to classify major mental disorders, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders. This axis includes disorders that cause significant distress or impairment in functioning and usually require clinical attention. Axis I disorders are considered to be the primary focus of treatment and are typically the most severe and acute conditions.

The correct answer is Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual. These are the five types of schizophrenia as recognized by the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized by delusions and auditory hallucinations, while disorganized schizophrenia involves disorganized speech and behavior. Catatonic schizophrenia is marked by motor disturbances and unusual postures. Undifferentiated schizophrenia refers to symptoms that do not clearly fit into one of the other subtypes. Residual schizophrenia is diagnosed when there is a past history of at least one episode of schizophrenia but currently only mild symptoms or no active symptoms.

Under Axis V on the DSM, severity of illness is based on the account of intensity of symptoms, resulting functional impairment in social functioning, and resulting functional impairment in occupational functioning. This means that the severity of an individual's illness is determined by considering the intensity of their symptoms as well as the impact those symptoms have on their ability to function socially and occupationally. Therefore, all of the options A, B, and C are correct.

Hyperchondriasis is considered a somatoform disorder because it is characterized by excessive worry and preoccupation with having a serious medical condition, despite having little or no medical evidence to support the belief. Individuals with hyperchondriasis often misinterpret normal bodily sensations as signs of serious illness and seek medical attention frequently. This disorder is primarily related to physical symptoms and is not classified as a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, or dissociative disorder.

The correct answer is Axis I. Axis I is used in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to classify clinical disorders, including those that are typically diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence, such as ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) and PDD (Pervasive Developmental Disorder). Axis I disorders are considered the primary focus of treatment and are often the reason individuals seek mental health services.

Is not on the DSM IV at all.

The correct answer is Axis I. Axis I of the DSM IV is used to classify clinical disorders that are the primary focus of treatment. Eating disorders, impulse control disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, sleep disorders, dementia, and amnesia are all examples of clinical disorders that would be classified under Axis I. Axis II is used for personality disorders and mental retardation, Axis III is for general medical conditions, Axis IV is for psychosocial and environmental problems, and Axis V is for global assessment of functioning.