Memory And Forgetting In Psychology Quiz

Memory is a cognitive process that involves the reception, storage, and retrieval of information. It is an active system because it requires the brain to process and organize incoming information. This definition aligns with the concept of memory as an information-processing system. The other options describe aspects related to memory, such as recalling past experiences or the act of remembering, but they do not encompass the full scope of memory as an active system.

The correct answer is LTM, long-term memory, Long term memory. Long-term memory refers to the relatively permanent storage system in our brain that can hold a large amount of information for a long period of time. It is responsible for storing memories, knowledge, and experiences that we can recall and access even after a significant amount of time has passed. This type of memory is essential for learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

The correct answer is encoding, storage, retrieval. This sequence is the process by which incoming sensory information is remembered. Encoding refers to the process of converting sensory information into a form that can be stored in memory. Storage involves retaining the encoded information over time. Finally, retrieval is the process of accessing and recalling the stored information when needed. This sequence ensures that information is effectively processed and retained in memory for future use.

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model describes human memory as consisting of three distinguishable kinds of memory, with each one representing a stage through which information passes in a sequential way. This means that according to the model, human memory is not a single entity but rather a system that involves different stages of processing and storage. These stages include sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory, each serving a specific function in the overall memory process. This model provides a framework for understanding how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved in the human memory system.

This answer refers to the concept of a memory system with limited storage capacity that holds information for a short period of time. Short term memory, also known as working memory or STM, is a type of memory that allows us to temporarily hold and manipulate information in our minds. It is different from long-term memory, which has a larger storage capacity and stores information for a longer duration.

Episodic memory refers to the memory of specific events or personal experiences, while semantic memory refers to the memory of general knowledge and facts about the world. Therefore, the correct answer is "Episodic; Semantic" as it accurately describes the type of information stored in each memory system.

Elaborative rehearsal has a number of practical applications for students. The learning of new information is more likely to be retained in LTM when you: - think about what the new information means. - ask questions about the new information. - link new information to previously learned information. - create visual images relevant to the new information. - link the new information to personal experiences or your personal situation.

Psychologists have identified two types of long-term memory storage: procedural and declarative memory. Procedural memory refers to the memory of how to perform certain tasks or skills, such as riding a bike or tying shoelaces. Declarative memory, on the other hand, involves the memory of facts and events, such as remembering historical dates or recalling personal experiences. These two types of memory storage are distinct and serve different functions in our ability to remember and recall information.

They are described as the measures of retention.

Maintenance rehearsal refers to the process of repeating or reviewing information in order to keep it in short-term memory. Elaborative rehearsal, on the other hand, involves a deeper level of processing where the information is actively related to existing knowledge or connected to meaningful concepts. Both maintenance and elaborative rehearsal are important for transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

The serial position effect refers to the tendency for individuals to recall items that are presented at the beginning and end of a list better than items presented in the middle. This effect occurs because items at the beginning of the list are more likely to be transferred to long-term memory (primacy effect), while items at the end of the list are still in short-term memory (recency effect). Therefore, the correct answer is "Serial position effect."

The correct answer is Recency effect. The recency effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals have better recall of items that are presented at the end of a list. This effect occurs because items at the end of the list are still fresh in memory when recall is tested. It is believed to be influenced by short-term memory processes. In contrast, the primacy effect refers to better recall of items presented at the beginning of a list, and the semantic network effect is not a term used to describe the serial position effect.

Short-term memory refers to the temporary storage of information that lasts for a limited duration. The correct answer, 18-20 seconds, aligns with the generally accepted duration of short-term memory. Research suggests that without rehearsal or active processing, information in short-term memory tends to fade away within this time frame. This duration allows for the processing and manipulation of information before it is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory for more permanent storage.

Relearning is considered the most sensitive measure of retention because it involves reacquiring information or skills that were previously learned and then forgotten. This measure assesses how much time and effort it takes for an individual to relearn the material, which indicates the level of retention. If the material is quickly relearned, it suggests that the information was well retained. On the other hand, if it takes a significant amount of time and effort to relearn, it indicates poor retention. Therefore, relearning provides a more accurate and sensitive measure of retention compared to other measures such as recognition or recall.

The correct answer is central executive. Working memory is a cognitive system that temporarily holds and manipulates information. It consists of three storage systems: the phonological loop for verbal information, the visuospatial sketchpad for visual information, and the central executive. The central executive is responsible for coordinating and controlling the other two storage systems, as well as for processing information from long-term memory and making decisions. It plays a crucial role in directing attention, planning, problem-solving, and decision-making.