World Map Test Quiz: Exam!

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World Map Test Quiz: Exam! - Quiz

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Questions and Answers
  • 1. 

    A contour interval.

    • A.

      Is the vertical spacing between contour lines.

    • B.

      Connects points of equal elevation above sea level.

    • C.

      Is a single map in a topographic series.

    • D.

      Heightens the graphic effect of a topographic map.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is the vertical spacing between contour lines.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "is the vertical spacing between contour lines." This explanation is supported by the definition of a contour interval, which refers to the vertical distance or difference in elevation between two adjacent contour lines on a topographic map. The contour interval helps to represent the changes in elevation and the shape of the land accurately. By knowing the contour interval, one can determine the steepness or slope of the terrain and identify features such as hills, valleys, and ridges on a topographic map.

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  • 2. 

    Which one of the following correctly lists the four main properties of maps?

    • A.

      Area, direction, latitude, longitude

    • B.

      Equivalence, shape, latitude, longitude

    • C.

      Conformality, equivalence, direction, symbols

    • D.

      Area, shape, distance, direction

    Correct Answer
    D. Area, shape, distance, direction
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "area, shape, distance, direction." This answer accurately lists the four main properties of maps. "Area" refers to the representation of land or space on a map. "Shape" refers to the accurate depiction of the shapes of geographical features. "Distance" refers to the measurement of distances between different points on the map. "Direction" refers to the indication of cardinal directions such as north, south, east, and west on the map.

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  • 3. 

    An example of a choropleth map would be showing.

    • A.

      Vegetation patterns by state

    • B.

      The location of schools in a census tract

    • C.

      Population density by county

    • D.

      The population of selected cities

    Correct Answer
    C. Population density by county
    Explanation
    A choropleth map is a thematic map that uses different colors or shading to represent data values for specific geographic areas. In this case, population density by county would be an example of a choropleth map because it would use different colors or shading to show the varying densities of population in different counties.

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  • 4. 

    A map was drawn at which of the following scales would show the most detail?

    • A.

      1: 500,000

    • B.

      1: 250,000

    • C.

      1: 63,360

    • D.

      1: 24,000

    Correct Answer
    D. 1: 24,000
    Explanation
    The scale of a map refers to the ratio of distance on the map to the actual distance on the ground. A smaller scale indicates a larger area being represented on the map, but with less detail. In this case, a scale of 1:24,000 means that 1 unit on the map represents 24,000 units on the ground. This scale shows the most detail because it represents a smaller area with a higher level of precision compared to the other options. Therefore, the map drawn at a scale of 1:24,000 would show the most detail.

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  • 5. 

    Meridians of longitude are farthest apart at the:

    • A.

      Equator

    • B.

      Poles

    • C.

      International Date Line

    • D.

      Arctic Circle

    Correct Answer
    A. Equator
    Explanation
    Meridians of longitude are imaginary lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole, measuring the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian. The equator is the line of latitude that divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Since the equator is the widest point on the Earth, the meridians of longitude are farthest apart at this location. As you move towards the poles, the meridians gradually converge until they meet at the poles, where they are closest together. Therefore, the equator is the correct answer.

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  • 6. 

    When one travels one-eighth of the distance around the world along the same parallel of latitude, the angular distance of longitude traversed is

    • A.

      30%

    • B.

      45%

    • C.

      60%

    • D.

      90%

    Correct Answer
    B. 45%
    Explanation
    When one travels one-eighth of the distance around the world along the same parallel of latitude, the angular distance of longitude traversed is 45%. This can be explained by the fact that the Earth is divided into 360 degrees of longitude. Since the traveler is only covering one-eighth of the distance around the world, they would be covering one-eighth of the total 360 degrees of longitude, which is equal to 45%.

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  • 7. 

    A map scale of 1: 25,000 means that:

    • A.

      One inch on the map represents 25,000 feet on the earth.

    • B.

      One inch on the map represents 25,000 inches on earth.

    • C.

      One foot on the map represents 25,000 inches on the earth.

    • D.

      One foot on the map represents 25,000 miles on the earth.

    Correct Answer
    B. One inch on the map represents 25,000 inches on earth.
    Explanation
    A map scale of 1:25,000 means that one inch on the map represents 25,000 inches on earth. This means that the map is drawn at a ratio of 1 inch on the map to 25,000 inches on the actual ground. It indicates that the map is a detailed representation of the area, with each inch on the map corresponding to a significant distance on the earth's surface.

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  • 8. 

    A geographic information system (GIS) is primarily based on the use of:

    • A.

      The electromagnetic system

    • B.

      Remote sensing

    • C.

      A computer

    • D.

      A thermal scanner

    Correct Answer
    C. A computer
    Explanation
    A geographic information system (GIS) is primarily based on the use of a computer. GIS is a system that captures, stores, analyzes, and manages spatial or geographic data. It uses computer technology to process and display this data, allowing users to create maps, analyze patterns, and make informed decisions. Without a computer, it would be impossible to efficiently handle and manipulate the large amounts of data involved in GIS. Therefore, a computer is an essential component of a GIS.

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  • 9. 

    What is the representative fraction scale of a map in which one inch represents one-quarter of a mile on the ground?

    • A.

      1: 21,120

    • B.

      1: 15,840

    • C.

      1: 10,560

    • D.

      1: 2,640

    Correct Answer
    B. 1: 15,840
    Explanation
    The representative fraction scale of a map represents the relationship between the distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground. In this case, the scale 1: 15,840 means that one unit of measurement on the map (in this case, one inch) represents 15,840 units of the same measurement on the ground (in this case, one-quarter of a mile). Therefore, the correct answer is 1: 15,840.

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  • 10. 

    The most appropriate contour interval for a relatively flat area is:

    • A.

      5 feet

    • B.

      50 feet

    • C.

      100 feet

    • D.

      1,000 feet

    Correct Answer
    A. 5 feet
    Explanation
    In a relatively flat area, the contour lines will be spaced closely together since there is minimal change in elevation. A smaller contour interval, such as 5 feet, allows for more detailed representation of the terrain. This interval will show small variations in elevation accurately, giving a clearer picture of the topography. Larger contour intervals like 50 feet, 100 feet, or 1,000 feet would result in fewer contour lines and less detail, making it harder to interpret the landform accurately.

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  • 11. 

    Probably the most often misused projection is:

    • A.

      Goode's Homolosine

    • B.

      Simple conic

    • C.

      Gnomonic

    • D.

      Mercator

    Correct Answer
    D. Mercator
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Mercator because it is the projection that is most commonly misused. The Mercator projection distorts the size and shape of land masses, particularly at higher latitudes, leading to a misrepresentation of the true size of countries and continents. This distortion has often been used to portray certain regions, such as Europe and North America, as larger and more dominant than they actually are. As a result, the Mercator projection has been criticized for its Eurocentric bias and for perpetuating colonial perspectives in maps.

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  • 12. 

    Given a map scale of 1: 31,680, how many inches on the map would be needed to represent 4 miles on the ground?

    • A.

      2 1/2 inches

    • B.

      5 inches

    • C.

      8 inches

    • D.

      12 1/4 inches

    Correct Answer
    C. 8 inches
    Explanation
    The map scale of 1:31,680 means that 1 unit on the map represents 31,680 units on the ground. In this case, we want to find how many inches on the map would represent 4 miles on the ground. Since there are 63,360 inches in a mile (5,280 feet x 12 inches), we can calculate that 4 miles on the ground would be represented by 4 x 63,360 = 253,440 inches on the map. Therefore, we can conclude that 8 inches on the map would be needed to represent 4 miles on the ground.

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  • 13. 

    Maps that show how the amount of a phenomenon varies from area to area are called:

    • A.

      Choropleth maps

    • B.

      Topographic maps

    • C.

      Flow-line maps

    • D.

      Orthophoto maps

    Correct Answer
    A. Choropleth maps
    Explanation
    Choropleth maps are used to display how a particular phenomenon or variable varies across different areas or regions. They use different colors or shading to represent the varying levels or amounts of the phenomenon being mapped. This allows for easy visualization and comparison of the data across different geographic areas. Therefore, choropleth maps are the correct answer for maps that show how the amount of a phenomenon varies from area to area.

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  • 14. 

    Under the survey system established by the Land Ordinance of 1785, the land is divided into:

    • A.

      Tiers and ranges

    • B.

      Base lines and meridians

    • C.

      Townships and sections

    • D.

      Acres and hectares

    Correct Answer
    C. Townships and sections
    Explanation
    The Land Ordinance of 1785 established a survey system that divided land into townships and sections. This system was put in place to facilitate the distribution and sale of land in the newly formed United States. Townships are large areas of land, typically measuring six miles by six miles, and sections are smaller subdivisions within townships, measuring one square mile each. This system allowed for organized and efficient land management and allocation.

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  • 15. 

    Conic projections are often used to depict hemispheres or small parts of the earth because:

    • A.

      A straight line drawn anywhere on the map is a line of constant compass bearing.

    • B.

      The cone is the developable surface closest in form to one-half of a globe.

    • C.

      Distances along all standard parallels are true.

    • D.

      They can be mathematically adjusted to preserve conformality and equivalence

    Correct Answer
    B. The cone is the developable surface closest in form to one-half of a globe.
    Explanation
    Conic projections are often used to depict hemispheres or small parts of the earth because the cone is the developable surface closest in form to one-half of a globe. This means that when the globe is projected onto a cone, the resulting map will have minimal distortion and accurately represent the shape and proportions of the hemisphere or small part being depicted. Other projections may introduce more distortion and inaccuracies in representing the curved surface of the earth on a flat map.

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  • 16. 

    As one crosses the International Date Line going eastward, the calendar day should be moved.

    • A.

      Back one day

    • B.

      Ahead one day

    • C.

      Ahead twelve hours

    • D.

      Back twelve hours

    Correct Answer
    A. Back one day
    Explanation
    As one crosses the International Date Line going eastward, the calendar day should be moved back one day. This is because the International Date Line serves as the transition point between two consecutive calendar days. When crossing from west to east, you are essentially moving ahead in time, so to maintain continuity, the calendar day is adjusted by moving it back one day.

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  • 17. 

    If it is 5 p.m. at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, what time is it at 45° W longitude?

    • A.

      2 p.m.

    • B.

      8 p.m.

    • C.

      1 a.m.

    • D.

      11 p.m.

    Correct Answer
    A. 2 p.m.
  • 18. 

    A great circle is formed on the surface of a sphere by a plane that:

    • A.

      Is tangent to the poles.

    • B.

      Intersects the surface at two points only.

    • C.

      Passes through the center of the sphere.

    • D.

      Divided the sphere into four equal parts.

    Correct Answer
    C. Passes through the center of the spHere.
    Explanation
    A great circle is formed on the surface of a sphere by a plane that passes through the center of the sphere. This is because a great circle is defined as a circle on the surface of a sphere whose center coincides with the center of the sphere. Therefore, the correct answer is that the plane passes through the center of the sphere.

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  • 19. 

    The prime meridian.

    • A.

      Passes through Greenwich Village, New York.

    • B.

      Is given in nature.

    • C.

      Connects the North and South poles.

    • D.

      Is parallel to the equator.

    Correct Answer
    C. Connects the North and South poles.
    Explanation
    The prime meridian is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole, dividing the Earth into the Eastern and Western hemispheres. It serves as the reference point for measuring longitude and is used as the basis for setting time zones. This line does not pass through Greenwich Village, New York, as stated in one of the options. Instead, it connects the North and South poles, allowing for the accurate measurement of locations east or west of it.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following statements about longitude is correct?

    • A.

      Degrees of longitude range from 0° to 360°.

    • B.

      Meridians decrease in length away from the International Date Line.

    • C.

      Distance between adjacent degrees of longitude increases away from the equator.

    • D.

      It is the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian.

    Correct Answer
    D. It is the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "It is the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian." This statement accurately describes longitude as the measurement of how far east or west a location is from the prime meridian, which is the reference point for measuring longitude. Longitude is measured in degrees, ranging from 0° to 180° east or west of the prime meridian.

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  • 21. 

    All of the following are key reference points in the grid system EXCEPT the 

    • A.

      North and South poles.

    • B.

      Polar circumference.

    • C.

      Equator.

    • D.

      Prime meridian.

    Correct Answer
    B. Polar circumference.
    Explanation
    The polar circumference is not a key reference point in the grid system. The grid system is based on the equator, which is the imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. The prime meridian is another key reference point in the grid system, as it is the imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. However, the polar circumference does not play a significant role in the grid system.

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  • 22. 

    Every projection has some degree of distortion because:

    • A.

      A curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion.

    • B.

      Parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe.

    • C.

      The grid system is two-dimensional but the earth is three-dimensional.

    • D.

      A sphere is a developable surface.

    Correct Answer
    A. A curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion.
    Explanation
    The statement "a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion" provides a valid explanation for why every projection has some degree of distortion. When trying to represent the Earth's curved surface on a flat map, it is impossible to do so without distorting certain aspects of the map. This is because the Earth is three-dimensional, while maps are two-dimensional. Therefore, any projection method used will result in some form of distortion, whether it is in shape, distance, area, or direction.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following statements about latitude is true?

    • A.

      Latitude is a measure of distance and of the equator.

    • B.

      Latitude lines are always parallel to each other on a globe.

    • C.

      Latitude varies from 0° to 180°.

    • D.

      On a globe, lines of latitude intersect parallels of longitude at right angles.

    Correct Answer
    B. Latitude lines are always parallel to each other on a globe.
    Explanation
    Latitude lines are always parallel to each other on a globe because they are imaginary circles that run horizontally around the Earth. They are parallel to the equator, which is the starting point for measuring latitude. As latitude increases or decreases from the equator, the lines remain parallel to each other. This allows for accurate measurement and mapping of locations on the Earth's surface.

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  • 24. 

    All of the following are developable surfaces EXCEPT the:

    • A.

      Sphere.

    • B.

      Plane.

    • C.

      Cylinder.

    • D.

      Cone.

    Correct Answer
    A. SpHere.
    Explanation
    A developable surface is a surface that can be flattened onto a plane without any distortion or stretching. A plane, cylinder, and cone are all examples of developable surfaces because they can be unfolded onto a flat surface without any changes to their shape. However, a sphere cannot be flattened onto a plane without distortion because it is a curved surface with no flat sections. Therefore, the sphere is the only option that is not a developable surface.

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  • 25. 

    Thermal scanners are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT that they:

    • A.

      Sense the heat emitted by objects on earth.

    • B.

      Can operate only in the daytime.

    • C.

      Have been used to detect water pollution.

    • D.

      Do not use photographic film.

    Correct Answer
    B. Can operate only in the daytime.
    Explanation
    Thermal scanners are devices that sense the heat emitted by objects on earth and are not limited to operating only in the daytime. They have been used to detect water pollution and do not use photographic film.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following is NOT a globe property?

    • A.

      All meridians are one-half the length of the equator.

    • B.

      Parallels increase in length as one nears the poles.

    • C.

      Meridians and parallels intersect at right angles.

    • D.

      The scale on the surface of the globe is the same in every direction.

    Correct Answer
    B. Parallels increase in length as one nears the poles.
    Explanation
    The statement "Parallels increase in length as one nears the poles" is not a globe property. In reality, parallels, also known as lines of latitude, decrease in length as one nears the poles. The distance between each parallel gets shorter as they approach the poles, with the equator being the longest parallel. This is because the Earth is not a perfect sphere but an oblate spheroid, meaning it is slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator.

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  • 27. 

    A map line showing constant compass directions is called a 

    • A.

      Conformal line.

    • B.

      Rhumb line.

    • C.

      Equivalent line.

    • D.

      Matrix line.

    Correct Answer
    B. Rhumb line.
    Explanation
    A map line showing constant compass directions is called a rhumb line. A rhumb line is a line on the surface of a sphere that cuts all meridians at the same angle, which means it maintains a constant compass direction. This type of line is commonly used for navigation purposes, as it allows for a steady course to be maintained. The other options, conformal line, equivalent line, and matrix line, do not accurately describe a map line showing constant compass directions.

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  • 28. 

    A digital record of geographic information is called a 

    • A.

      Geographic database.

    • B.

      Density slice.

    • C.

      Pixel.

    • D.

      Vertical axis.

    Correct Answer
    A. GeograpHic database.
    Explanation
    A digital record of geographic information is called a geographic database because it is a collection of data that is organized and stored in a way that allows for efficient retrieval and analysis of geographic information. This database can include various types of information such as maps, satellite imagery, and spatial data, which can be used for mapping, analysis, and decision-making purposes in various fields such as urban planning, environmental management, and transportation.

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  • 29. 

    Which is the angle of intersection of all parallels and meridians on the earth?

    • A.

      30%

    • B.

      45%

    • C.

      60%

    • D.

      90%

    Correct Answer
    D. 90%
    Explanation
    The angle of intersection of all parallels and meridians on the Earth is 90 degrees. This is because parallels are lines that run parallel to the equator and never intersect, while meridians are lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole and intersect at the poles. Since the equator is perpendicular to the meridians at the poles, the angle of intersection between parallels and meridians is 90 degrees.

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  • 30. 

    The projection used by navigators to determine the shortest route of travel is:

    • A.

      The planar projection.

    • B.

      The conic projection.

    • C.

      Goode's Homolosine projection.

    • D.

      The Mercator projection.

    Correct Answer
    D. The Mercator projection.
    Explanation
    The Mercator projection is commonly used by navigators to determine the shortest route of travel. This projection preserves straight lines, making it useful for navigation purposes. It is a cylindrical projection that distorts the size and shape of landmasses as they get farther from the equator, but it accurately represents directions and angles. This distortion is not a concern for navigators as their main focus is on plotting a straight course. Therefore, the Mercator projection is the most suitable choice for determining the shortest route of travel.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following statements about topographic maps is NOT correct?

    • A.

      They are used by engineers, regional planners, and land use analysts.

    • B.

      The contour line is the principal device used to indicate elevation.

    • C.

      They portray the terrain rather than features people have added to the natural landscape.

    • D.

      Aerial photography is employed to speed up the production process.

    Correct Answer
    C. They portray the terrain rather than features people have added to the natural landscape.
    Explanation
    Topographic maps do not only portray the terrain but also the features that people have added to the natural landscape. These features include roads, buildings, and other man-made structures. Topographic maps are used by engineers, regional planners, and land use analysts to study and analyze the physical characteristics of an area, including both natural and man-made features. The contour line is the principal device used to indicate elevation on a topographic map. Aerial photography is employed to speed up the production process of creating topographic maps.

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  • 32. 

    An equidistant projection.

    • A.

      Shows true distance in all directions from one or two central points.

    • B.

      Has parallels and meridians intersecting at right angles.

    • C.

      Shows true directions from a single point to all other points.

    • D.

      Is almost always conformal.

    Correct Answer
    A. Shows true distance in all directions from one or two central points.
    Explanation
    This answer is correct because an equidistant projection is a type of map projection that accurately represents distances from one or two central points. This means that the distances between any two points on the map are proportional to their actual distances on the Earth's surface. Unlike other map projections, such as the Mercator projection, which distort distances, an equidistant projection maintains true distance measurements in all directions from the central point(s). Therefore, this answer accurately describes the characteristics of an equidistant projection.

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  • 33. 

    All of the following statements about small-scale maps are true EXCEPT that they:

    • A.

      Give a general idea of the relative locations of major features.

    • B.

      Shows significantly less detail than do larger scale maps.

    • C.

      Typically smooth out such features as coastlines and rivers.

    • D.

      Permit the accurate measurement of major features.

    Correct Answer
    D. Permit the accurate measurement of major features.
    Explanation
    Small-scale maps do not permit the accurate measurement of major features. This is because small-scale maps cover a larger area and therefore have less detail. They are designed to give a general idea of the relative locations of major features rather than providing precise measurements.

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  • 34. 

    Contour lines.

    • A.

      Can be detected by remote sensing.

    • B.

      Connect points of equal elevation above sea level.

    • C.

      Aren't useful for depicting mountainous regions.

    • D.

      Are less accurate than shaded relief in depicting terrain.

    Correct Answer
    B. Connect points of equal elevation above sea level.
    Explanation
    Contour lines are lines on a map that connect points of equal elevation above sea level. They are used to represent the shape and elevation of the land. By connecting points of equal elevation, contour lines provide a visual representation of the terrain, allowing users to understand the topography of an area. Remote sensing techniques can be used to detect and map contour lines by analyzing data collected from satellites or other sensors. While shaded relief can provide a more realistic depiction of terrain, contour lines are still valuable for accurately representing elevation information.

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  • 35. 

    The Land Ordinance of 1785 established a systematic survey known as the:

    • A.

      Base line system.

    • B.

      Township and range system.

    • C.

      Orthographic survey system.

    • D.

      Public lands identification system.

    Correct Answer
    B. Township and range system.
    Explanation
    The Land Ordinance of 1785 established a systematic survey known as the township and range system. This system divided land into a grid of townships, each measuring six miles by six miles, and further divided each township into 36 sections. The purpose of this system was to facilitate the orderly settlement and sale of public lands in the newly acquired western territories of the United States. It provided a consistent and efficient way to identify and describe land parcels, making it easier for settlers and land speculators to locate and purchase land.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following is the largest scale?

    • A.

      1: 8,000

    • B.

      1: 24,000

    • C.

      1: 50,000

    • D.

      1: 63,360

    Correct Answer
    A. 1: 8,000
    Explanation
    The largest scale is determined by the ratio between the distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground. In this case, the scale 1:8,000 means that 1 unit on the map represents 8,000 units on the ground. Therefore, this scale is larger than the other options given (1:24,000, 1:50,000, and 1:63,360), indicating that it covers a smaller area with more detail.

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  • 37. 

    Which of the following are lines of constant value?

    • A.

      Cartograms

    • B.

      Isolines

    • C.

      GPS lines

    • D.

      Projection lines

    Correct Answer
    B. Isolines
    Explanation
    Isolines are lines on a map that connect points of equal value, such as contour lines on a topographic map. They represent a constant value, whether it is elevation, temperature, or any other variable. Cartograms, GPS lines, and projection lines do not necessarily represent constant values and are not specifically designed for that purpose. Therefore, isolines are the only option that fits the description of lines of constant value.

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  • 38. 

    A map on which one square inch represents an identical number of square miles anywhere on the map is called:

    • A.

      Equidistant.

    • B.

      Conformal.

    • C.

      Azimuthal.

    • D.

      Equivalent.

    Correct Answer
    D. Equivalent.
    Explanation
    An equivalent map is one in which the scale is the same everywhere on the map, meaning that one square inch represents the same number of square miles regardless of the location on the map. This type of map is useful for accurately representing the area of different regions on the map.

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  • 39. 

    Which of the following sets of coordinates corresponds with a place on the earth?

    • A.

      57°N, 191°E

    • B.

      108°N, 126°W

    • C.

      180°N

    • D.

      34°N, 84°W

    Correct Answer
    D. 34°N, 84°W
    Explanation
    The set of coordinates 34°N, 84°W corresponds to a place on the earth. The first number represents the latitude, which measures how far north or south a location is from the equator. In this case, 34°N indicates that the place is 34 degrees north of the equator. The second number represents the longitude, which measures how far east or west a location is from the Prime Meridian. In this case, 84°W indicates that the place is 84 degrees west of the Prime Meridian. Therefore, the coordinates 34°N, 84°W correspond to a specific location on the earth.

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  • 40. 

    A map that accurately portrays the shapes of small areas is called:

    • A.

      Conformal.

    • B.

      Graphic.

    • C.

      Equivalent.

    • D.

      Gnomonic.

    Correct Answer
    A. Conformal.
    Explanation
    A map that accurately portrays the shapes of small areas is called "conformal." Conformal maps preserve the angles between lines on the map, meaning that the shapes of small areas are accurately represented. This type of map is commonly used in navigation and cartography to accurately depict the shapes of land masses, coastlines, and other features on a smaller scale.

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  • Jun 26, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Dec 10, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Jchau100
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