Ling1010 - Fall 2008 - Practice Questions For The Bonus Exam

1.

In which of the following brain regions does auditory processing occur?
- A.
  
  Parietal lobe
- B.
  
  Frontal lobe
- C.
  
  Temporal lobe
Correct Answer
C. Temporal lobe

Explanation
Auditory processing occurs in the temporal lobe of the brain. This region is responsible for receiving and interpreting auditory information, including processing sound, recognizing and distinguishing different sounds, and understanding speech. The temporal lobe contains the primary auditory cortex, which is involved in the initial processing of auditory stimuli, as well as other areas that are important for higher-level auditory processing, such as sound localization and language comprehension. The parietal lobe is primarily involved in sensory integration and spatial awareness, while the frontal lobe is responsible for executive functions and higher-order cognitive processes.

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2.

A structure-independent rule for making yes/no-questions, such as ‘Move the First Infl’ rule:
- A.
  
  Generates all and only the grammatical yes/no-questions.
- B.
  
  Both undergenerates and overgenerates.
- C.
  
  Results in overregularization errors.
Correct Answer
B. Both undergenerates and overgenerates.

Explanation
The given correct answer states that the structure-independent rule for making yes/no-questions, such as the 'Move the First Infl' rule, both undergenerates and overgenerates. This means that the rule fails to generate some grammatical yes/no-questions while also producing some non-grammatical ones. Additionally, it may result in overregularization errors, which refers to the application of a rule in situations where it should not be applied.

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3.

Which of the following is TRUE of Wernicke’s aphasia?
- A.
  
  Resulting from an injury to the right parietal lobe, it causes echolalia.
- B.
  
  Characterized by slow, effortful speech, it causes an inability to comprehend grammatical distinctions.
- C.
  
  Caused by an injury in the perisylvian region, it is characterized by difficulty in finding specific words.
Correct Answer
C. Caused by an injury in the perisylvian region, it is characterized by difficulty in finding specific words.

Explanation
Wernicke's aphasia is a language disorder caused by an injury in the perisylvian region of the brain. It is characterized by difficulty in finding specific words, known as anomia. People with Wernicke's aphasia often have fluent but nonsensical speech, with little comprehension of their own errors. They may also have difficulty understanding and producing grammatical distinctions. However, echolalia is not a characteristic of Wernicke's aphasia and it is not caused by an injury to the right parietal lobe.

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4.

How many times can one apply the rule V’ → V CP in a single sentence?
- A.
  
  Only once
- B.
  
  Only twice
- C.
  
  Without limit
Correct Answer
C. Without limit

Explanation
The rule V' → V CP can be applied without limit in a single sentence. This means that there is no restriction on the number of times this rule can be used in a sentence. Therefore, the correct answer is "Without limit."

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5.

The relation between the specifier of an XP and the X' node is:
- A.
  
  Sisterhood
- B.
  
  Motherhood
- C.
  
  Grandmotherhood
Correct Answer
A. Sisterhood

Explanation
The correct answer is "sisterhood" because the relationship between the specifier of an XP and the X' node is similar to the relationship between sisters. Just like sisters share a common parent, the specifier and the X' node share a common node in the syntactic structure. This relationship is known as sisterhood.

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6.

Given the sentences below, we can infer that the sentence in (1) ________ the sentence in (2). (1) Not everyone attended the lecture on quantification. (2) Someone attended the lecture on quantification.
- A.
  
  Entails
- B.
  
  Implicates
- C.
  
  Repeats
Correct Answer
B. Implicates

Explanation
The sentence in (1) "Not everyone attended the lecture on quantification" implies or suggests that there were people who did not attend the lecture. This is consistent with the sentence in (2) "Someone attended the lecture on quantification", which indicates that at least one person attended the lecture. Therefore, the sentence in (1) implicates the sentence in (2).

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7.

The term ______________ refers to the ability to discriminate between situations in which a declarative sentence is true from those in which it is false.
- A.
  
  Truth-condition
- B.
  
  Deep Structure
- C.
  
  Truth-value judgment
Correct Answer
C. Truth-value judgment

Explanation
Truth-value judgment refers to the ability to discriminate between situations in which a declarative sentence is true from those in which it is false. It involves evaluating the truth or falsity of a statement based on the given context or circumstances. This process requires assessing the logical coherence and factual accuracy of the statement to determine its truth value.

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8.

An entailment is a type of linguistic inference defined as follows: “A group of sentences G entails a sentence S if and only if ____.”
- A.
  
  Whenever every member of G is false, S is true.
- B.
  
  Whenever every member of G is true, S is also true.
- C.
  
  Whenever every member of G is true, S is false.
Correct Answer
B. Whenever every member of G is true, S is also true.

Explanation
The correct answer is "whenever every member of G is true, S is also true." This means that if all the sentences in the group G are true, then the sentence S must also be true for there to be an entailment. In other words, the truth of the sentences in G guarantees the truth of S.

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9.

Which of the following utterances is TRUE in the situation represented by the picture below?
- A.
  
  No man cry.
- B.
  
  Every man cries.
- C.
  
  Not every man cries.
Correct Answer
B. Every man cries.

Explanation
The picture represents a situation where all the men are crying. Therefore, the utterance "Every man cries" is true in this situation.

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Ling1010 - Fall 2008 - Practice Questions For The Bonus Exam

In which of the following brain regions does auditory processing occur?

A structure-independent rule for making yes/no-questions, such as ‘Move the First Infl’ rule:

Which of the following is TRUE of Wernicke’s aphasia?

How many times can one apply the rule V’ → V CP in a single sentence?

The relation between the specifier of an XP and the X' node is:

Given the sentences below, we can infer that the sentence in (1) ________ the sentence in (2). (1) Not everyone attended the lecture on quantification. (2) Someone attended the lecture on quantification.

The term ______________ refers to the ability to discriminate between situations in which a declarative sentence is true from those in which it is false.

An entailment is a type of linguistic inference defined as follows: “A group of sentences G entails a sentence S if and only if ____.”

Which of the following utterances is TRUE in the situation represented by the picture below?