Support & Movement

The human skeleton consists of 206 bones. This includes bones from the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, and rib cage) and the appendicular skeleton (shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs). These bones provide support, protection, and facilitate movement in the human body.

The femur is the longest bone in the body. It is located in the thigh and extends from the hip to the knee. This bone is responsible for supporting the body's weight and plays a crucial role in walking, running, and other lower body movements. Its length and strength make it the longest and largest bone in the human body.

The picture is displaying a joint that allows for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. This type of joint is known as a ball and socket joint. It consists of a rounded bone (the ball) that fits into a cup-like socket, allowing for movement in all directions, including rotation. This type of joint is commonly found in the shoulders and hips.

Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue that is not under conscious control, making it involuntary. It is responsible for various bodily functions, such as the movement of food through the digestive system. Smooth muscle also lines the organs in the abdominal cavity, providing support and allowing them to contract and relax as needed. Therefore, the statement that smooth muscle is involuntary and lines the organs in the abdominal cavity is true.

The skull is made up of several bones that are fused together, forming a rigid structure that protects the brain. These bones, known as cranial bones, are immovable or only have limited movement. This immobility is essential for providing stability and protection to the brain and other vital structures within the skull. In contrast, the vertebrae are the bones of the spinal column, which are movable to allow flexibility and movement of the spine. The ulna is one of the bones in the forearm, which also allows for movement at the elbow joint.

Cardiac muscle is both striated and involuntary. Striations refer to the presence of alternating light and dark bands in the muscle fibers, which are characteristic of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Involuntary means that the muscle contracts without conscious control. Cardiac muscle, found in the walls of the heart, exhibits both of these features, making the statement true.

The bone that is colored yellow in the diagram above is the sternum.

Skeletal muscles work in pairs to create movement. When one muscle contracts, it pulls on the bone, while the other muscle in the pair contracts and extends to allow for smooth movement. This is known as antagonistic muscle action. Therefore, the statement "Skeletal muscles work in pairs; one contracts and pulls, the other contracts and extends" is true.

The statement is true. The glutes, specifically the gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus, are the muscles located in the back of the body. These muscles are responsible for various movements such as hip extension, abduction, and rotation. They play a crucial role in maintaining posture, stability, and overall lower body strength.

The correct answer is "involuntary" because cardiac muscle tissue is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the heart, which occurs automatically and without conscious control. This makes it different from skeletal muscle tissue, which is voluntary and can be consciously controlled.

The bones of the hand in the green area are called carpels.

The diagram is asking for the names of the red and blue bones. Looking at the options, the correct answer is "humerus, patella" because the humerus is a bone in the upper arm and the patella is the kneecap.

The bones of the hand in the red area are called metacarpels.

Skeletal muscles are striated, meaning they have a striped appearance due to the arrangement of their muscle fibers. However, skeletal muscles are voluntary, meaning they are under conscious control. This means that we can consciously decide to contract or relax our skeletal muscles. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect as skeletal muscles are voluntary, not involuntary.

Tendons are the correct answer because tendons are the bands of connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. Ligaments, on the other hand, are the bands of connective tissue that connect bones to other bones. Therefore, tendons are the appropriate term to describe the connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

The picture is displaying the pelvis and femur bones. The pelvis is the large bone structure located at the base of the spine, while the femur is the thigh bone. These two bones are important for stability and movement in the lower body.

The gastrocnemius muscle is indeed known as the 'calf' muscle. It is a large muscle located at the back of the lower leg and is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot, which is the action of pointing the toes downward. This muscle is commonly referred to as the calf muscle because it forms the bulk of the calf region.

Muscles require regular use and exercise to maintain their strength and size. When muscles are not used, they can undergo a process called atrophy, where the muscle fibers decrease in size and the overall muscle mass decreases. This can result in muscle weakness and loss of muscle tone. Therefore, it is true that muscles will shrink if they are not used.

Calcium and phosphorus are important minerals in giving bones their strength. Calcium is the main mineral found in bones and helps to provide the structural framework. It is essential for bone formation and maintenance. Phosphorus is also a key mineral in bones, working together with calcium to form a mineral complex called hydroxyapatite, which gives bones their strength and hardness. Both minerals are necessary for healthy bone development and maintaining bone density.

The bicep and tricep muscles are not a muscle group that contract at the same time. In fact, they are antagonist muscles, meaning that when one contracts, the other relaxes. The bicep muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow, while the tricep muscle is responsible for extending the elbow. Therefore, they work in opposition to each other rather than contracting simultaneously.

Muscles have the ability to fully contract, not just partially. When a muscle contracts, the muscle fibers shorten, resulting in the movement of the body part it is attached to. This contraction can be either voluntary or involuntary. Therefore, the statement that a muscle can only partially contract is incorrect.

The given statement is false. The Pectoralis Major is not a muscle of the lower leg. It is actually a large muscle located in the chest area. It is responsible for movements of the shoulder joint, such as flexion, adduction, and internal rotation.

The correct answer is cardiac, smooth, and striated. These three types of muscle tissue are differentiated based on their structure and function. Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood. Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels, and it helps in the movement of substances through these structures. Striated muscle tissue, also known as skeletal muscle tissue, is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements of the body.

In the diagram, the bone colored green is the fibula. The tibia and femur are not colored green in the diagram. The fibula is a bone located on the outside of the lower leg, parallel to the tibia. It is thinner and smaller than the tibia and plays a role in providing support and stability to the leg.

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a small bone located in front of the knee joint. It plays a crucial role in protecting the knee joint and providing stability. The hinge joint is a type of joint that allows movement in only one direction, similar to a door hinge. In the case of the knee joint, it allows flexion and extension of the lower leg. Therefore, the correct answer is patella; hinge.

Moving, especially walking, requires the coordinated effort of numerous muscles in our body. Muscles in our legs, hips, back, and core all work together to enable us to walk. Additionally, muscles in our arms and shoulders help with balance and momentum while walking. Overall, the body utilizes over 500 muscles to perform the complex task of walking, making the statement true.

The Sartorius muscle is the longest muscle in the body. It is a long, thin muscle that runs from the hip to the knee and is responsible for flexing, abducting, and rotating the thigh. It is named after the Latin word for tailor, as it was believed to be the muscle used by tailors when sitting cross-legged. The Deltoid muscle is located in the shoulder and is responsible for arm abduction, while the Biceps muscle is located in the upper arm and is responsible for flexing the elbow joint.

The sarcomere is the functional unit of a muscle. It is a highly organized structure within a muscle fiber that is responsible for muscle contraction. It is composed of two types of protein filaments, actin and myosin, which slide past each other during contraction. This sliding filament mechanism allows for the shortening of the sarcomere and ultimately the muscle as a whole, resulting in movement. Therefore, the sarcomere plays a crucial role in the functioning of muscles.

The muscles of the upper arm are responsible for the movement and stability of the arm. The biceps muscle is located in the front of the upper arm and is responsible for flexing the elbow joint. The triceps muscle is located at the back of the upper arm and is responsible for extending the elbow joint. The deltoid muscle is a large muscle that covers the shoulder joint and is responsible for various movements of the arm, including lifting it to the side and rotating it. Therefore, the correct answer is Biceps, Triceps, and Deltoid.

When a muscle is cramping, it is actually in a state of involuntary contraction or spasm, not full reflection. Cramping occurs when the muscle fibers contract and remain contracted, causing pain and discomfort. This is different from full reflection, which refers to the relaxation or lengthening of a muscle. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

The principle of "All or none" in muscle contraction states that when a muscle receives a nerve impulse, it either contracts fully or does not contract at all. This means that there is no partial contraction of the muscle. Once the muscle receives the impulse, it contracts completely and then relaxes, waiting for the next impulse to contract again. This principle ensures that the muscle generates enough force to perform its function effectively.

The correct answer is "irregular" or "Irregular." The shape of vertebrae is irregular because they are not uniform in size or shape. Each vertebra is uniquely shaped to fit together with the adjacent vertebrae, forming the spinal column. The irregular shape allows for flexibility and movement, as well as providing support and protection to the spinal cord.

The correct answers are I am glad for Christmas Break, Like muscle, my brain can be exercised, Humans are the crown of God's Creation, and Bones are for support. These statements are all true because they express personal feelings (being glad for Christmas break), make a comparison between brain and muscle (both can be exercised), state a belief about humans being the crown of God's creation, and provide a fact about the purpose of bones (support).