Lesson 7. Legal Translation Exercise

The phrase "en efectivo o en especie" is a translation of "in cash or in kind" in Spanish. "En efectivo" means "in cash" and "en especie" means "in kind" or "in species." This phrase is commonly used to refer to different forms of payment or compensation. It suggests that something can be paid for or received either with physical currency or with goods or services instead of money.

"Regardless of" is the correct answer because it means the same as "independientemente de" and "in spite of". It is used to indicate that something is not affected or influenced by a particular factor or condition. It implies that no matter what the circumstances are, something will still happen or be true.

The given statement suggests that the assembly will order the issuance of shares as a result of increases in social capital from subsequent contributions by shareholders. This means that the assembly will authorize the creation and distribution of new shares to shareholders who have made additional contributions to the company's capital. This process is commonly known as "issuing of shares."

The phrase "Under the same requirements" is the correct answer because it accurately translates the Spanish phrase "Mediante los mismos requisitos." This phrase suggests that the process of decreasing the variable capital of the company can be done in accordance with the same conditions or criteria that were previously established.

The phrase "Las partes deberán someterse a las autoridades judiciales" in Spanish translates to "The parties must submit themselves to the judicial authorities" in English. The verb "someterse" means to submit or to subject oneself to something. In this context, it is referring to the parties involved in a legal matter submitting themselves to the jurisdiction and decisions of the judicial authorities. Therefore, the correct answer is "submit themselves."

The correct answer is "expressly waives" because the phrase "renuncia expresamente" in the given sentence translates to "expressly waives" in English. This means that the seller is giving up or relinquishing a right that they have, as stated in the article mentioned.

The given text states that the documents will be signed by the president and the secretary of the Board of Directors, or by the sole administrator if applicable. This suggests that the correct answer is "Board of Directors" as it aligns with the mentioned signing authority.

The phrase "por la capitalización de primas sobre acciones" translates to "for the capitalization of bonuses on shares." This suggests that the given amounts are related to bonuses rather than any other type of compensation. Therefore, the correct answer is "bonuses."

The phrase "sin que ello implique modificación de los Estatutos de la Sociedad" in Spanish translates to "without implying modification of the Company's Bylaws" in English. Therefore, the correct answer is "Articles of Incorporation" because they are the legal documents that establish the formation and structure of a corporation, including details about its purpose, shareholders, and governance. The phrase suggests that this document does not need to be modified in the given context.

The correct answer is "resolved". The sentence states that both increases and decreases in the variable part of the share capital can be agreed upon in the General Ordinary Shareholders' Meeting. The word "resolved" implies that these decisions are made and settled in the meeting, indicating that the correct answer is "resolved".