Ivana Sociologija (70 - 117)

The correct answer is "Najvaznija politicka institucija kojom se stiti postojeci drustveni poredak i usmeravaju drustveni procesi." This answer suggests that the state is the most important political institution that protects the existing social order and directs social processes. It implies that the state has the power and authority to maintain social stability and regulate societal changes.

The correct answer states that a nation is an ethnic community of civil society that arises with the formation of a unified market, sovereign politics, legal organization, and distinct cultural identity. This definition highlights the idea that a nation is not just a biological or ethnic community, but also encompasses political, legal, and cultural aspects. It emphasizes the formation of a cohesive society with shared values and institutions.

The correct answer is "Sveukupnost drustvenih pojava (odnosa, delovanja i ponasanja) tj drustvo u najsirem smislu." This answer is correct because it states that the basic subject of sociology is the totality of social phenomena, including relationships, actions, and behaviors, which encompass society in its broadest sense. This answer captures the comprehensive scope of sociology as a discipline that studies all aspects of social life and the interconnectedness of various social phenomena.

Elita refers to a small group of selected individuals who hold top positions and have control over the majority of society. They are considered the leaders and have authority and power over others. This definition aligns with the given answer, which states that elita is a small group of chosen individuals who occupy top positions and dominate the majority of society.

The correct answer is "Na pojavu zemljoradnje, izdvajanje zanatstva od poljoprivrede i pojavu trgovine." This answer suggests that the historical division of labor can be traced back to the emergence of agriculture, the separation of craftsmanship from agriculture, and the emergence of trade. This explanation indicates that these three factors played a significant role in shaping the division of labor throughout history.

Politicki pokreti su organizovane grupacije politickih aktivista koji deluju izvan okvira politickih stranaka i imaju zajednicki politicki interes. Ovi pokreti mogu biti sire ili manje organizovani od stranaka, ali imaju isti cilj - ostvarivanje politickog interesa. Politicki pokreti se razlikuju od politickih partija, jer se ne bave samo poboljsanjem drustvenog zivota, vec imaju konkretnu politicku agendu i aktivno rade na njenom ostvarivanju.

The correct answer states that elita refers to a small group of chosen individuals who occupy top positions and govern the majority of society. This definition implies that the elite have power and influence over others, suggesting a hierarchical structure within society.

The stratification model is formed based on the individual's wealth, social power, and reputation. This means that the model categorizes individuals into different social classes or strata based on their economic status, influence in society, and how they are perceived by others. These factors play a significant role in determining an individual's position and status within the stratification system.

The correct answer states that drustvena proizvodnja is a purposeful social action through which people adapt nature to their needs and create material goods or influence other people by providing them with material and non-material services. This explanation highlights the concept of drustvena proizvodnja as a deliberate and goal-oriented activity that involves the production of material goods and the provision of services to others.

Microsociology studies the social interactions within small social groups, including the cultural patterns that shape and regulate individuals' interactions and determine the type of sociality within primary groups.

The correct answer is "Pojedinci koji obavljaju srodne drustvene uloge (profesionalne, ekonomske, politicke, verske skupine)". This answer suggests that functional groups are composed of individuals who perform similar social roles, such as professionals, economic actors, political actors, and religious groups. This definition aligns with the concept of functionalism, which emphasizes the interdependence of different social roles and their contribution to the overall functioning of society.

The correct answer is "Pogled na svet i vrednost sistema i orijentacija, institucija, jezika i materijalne oblasti." This answer includes all the elements mentioned in the question, which are the worldview and value system, orientation, institutions, language, and material areas. It suggests that a national culture is a holistic entity composed of these elements.

The correct answer is "Svojina i novac" because ownership and money are two fundamental components of economic power. Ownership refers to the control and possession of resources, assets, and property, which gives individuals or entities the ability to generate wealth and influence economic decisions. Money, on the other hand, is the medium of exchange and a measure of value in economic transactions. Together, ownership and money play a crucial role in determining economic power and influence.

The correct answer describes money as a specific commodity that receives a privileged social function to measure and express the value of every other commodity in the market. It also states that money acts as a general equivalent in commodity exchange.

The correct answer is "Mera vrednosti, prometno sredstvo, platezno sredstvo, blago i svetski novac". This answer correctly identifies the functions of money, which include being a measure of value, a medium of exchange, a store of value, a unit of account, and a global currency. Money serves as a common measure of the value of goods and services, facilitates the exchange of goods and services, can be used as a means of payment, can be stored for future use, and is accepted internationally as a form of currency.

The correct answer is "Skup ljudi koji u nekom vremenu naseljava neku odredjenu teritoriju njoj organizuje svoj drustveni zivot" because it accurately defines population as a group of people who inhabit a specific territory and organize their social life within it. This definition highlights the importance of both time and location in understanding population dynamics and the social interactions that occur within a specific community.

Ekologija je biološka i sociološka naučna disciplina koja proučava odnose bioloških organizama i vrsta, kao i odnose čoveka, društvenih grupa i zajednica sa prirodnom okolinom.

Sociologija kao zasebna društvena nauka pojavljuje se sredinom 19. veka. U tom periodu dolazi do velikih društvenih promjena, kao što su industrijalizacija, urbanizacija i modernizacija, koje su izazvale potrebu za proučavanjem društvenih fenomena i njihovim objašnjenjem. Osnivač sociologije smatra se August Comte, koji je 1838. godine prvi put upotrijebio sam pojam "sociologija". Od tada, sociologija se razvila kao zasebna disciplina koja proučava društvene strukture, procese i interakcije.

The correct answer states that social structure is a relatively stable and inclined relationship between the elements that make up a society, which connects all elements into one organized and enduring whole. This explanation emphasizes the stability and interconnectedness of the elements within a society, highlighting the idea that social structure is not just a simple collection of elements, but rather a complex system that maintains order and cohesion.

The correct answer is "Jezicki precizan i logican ispravan stav o objektivno postojecim opstim nuznim sustiniskim i relativno stalnim vezama i odnosima medju drustvenim pojavama." This answer accurately describes the definition of the sociological law, which is a linguistic, precise, logical, and correct attitude towards the objectively existing general necessary substantial and relatively constant relationships and connections among social phenomena.

Svojina refers to the unequal opportunities for individuals, groups, or collectives to appropriate, use, and dispose of limited natural and socio-cultural resources. It is a socially established unequal possibility for individuals and groups to make decisions that are not only in their own interest but also in the interest of others. It involves the possibility of collective social action in accordance with needs, interests, and values.

The key concepts of stratification divisions in society are social roles and social positions. Social roles refer to the expected behaviors and responsibilities associated with a particular position or status in society, while social positions refer to the specific positions individuals occupy in the social structure. These concepts help explain how individuals are categorized and differentiated based on their economic (wealth), political (power), and cultural (prestige) differences in society.

Art is an important form of human creative ability and the ability to experience the world aesthetically. It allows individuals to express themselves and interpret the world around them through various artistic mediums such as painting, sculpture, music, and literature. Art also serves as a means of transmitting cultural heritage from one generation to another and has the power to create new cultural values.

The correct answer explains that observation is a basic method for collecting data about social phenomena through direct sensory perception. This means that by observing and experiencing social phenomena firsthand, researchers can gather data and information about them. This method allows for a direct and immediate understanding of the subject being studied, providing valuable insights and information for scientific purposes.

The correct answer is "Pleme, narod, nacija." This answer correctly identifies three forms of ethnic grouping: tribe (pleme), people (narod), and nation (nacija). These terms refer to different levels of social and cultural organization based on shared ancestry, language, customs, and beliefs. Tribes are usually smaller and more localized groups, while nations are larger and often associated with a specific territory or state. The term "people" can be used to describe a broader ethnic or cultural group.

Vertikalna pokretljivost refers to the movement of individuals and groups within the hierarchical social structure. It involves individuals and groups shifting their position on the social ladder, either moving up or down in terms of social status. This movement can be influenced by factors such as education, occupation, income, and social connections. It does not refer to population migration or spontaneous individual movements.

The correct answer is "Obicajni, crkveni, gradjanski i fakticki." This answer suggests that marriage can be established and maintained through customary practices, religious ceremonies, civil procedures, and de facto relationships. These different types of marriages reflect the various cultural, religious, and legal norms that exist in different societies.

Politicki pokreti su organizacije koje obuhvataju šire i manje organizovane grupe i stranke koje deluju zajedno kako bi ostvarile zajedničke političke interese. Ovi pokreti mogu biti usmereni ka različitim ciljevima, kao što su promene u društvenom životu, unapređenje političkog sistema ili ostvarivanje određenih političkih ciljeva. Ova definicija političkih pokreta se razlikuje od političkih partija, koje su formalno organizovane političke entitete, kao i od grupa za pritisak, koje se obično fokusiraju samo na poboljšanje društvenog života.

The correct answer is "Ideologiju, politicki program i statut" (Ideology, political program, and statute). This answer is correct because it accurately describes the components that make up the organizational structure of a political party. Ideology refers to the set of beliefs and values that guide the party's actions and policies. The political program outlines the party's goals and objectives, as well as the strategies and actions it will take to achieve them. The statute is a set of rules and regulations that govern the party's internal operations and procedures. These three elements are essential for defining the structure and functioning of a political party.

Populaciona politika refers to a set of measures by which society directs its demographic development. These measures aim to align the natural and mechanical movement of the population with the overall developmental goals and the available natural and socio-economic conditions for a decent quality of life for people. In other words, it is a strategy implemented by society to manage and guide population growth and distribution in line with the social and economic needs and resources.

Futurologija je nauka koja se bavi proučavanjem budućnosti ljudskih društava. Ona se fokusira na predviđanje i analizu mogućih razvoja i promena u društvu, tehnologiji, ekonomiji i drugim sferama života. Futurolozi koriste različite metodologije i alate kako bi predvideli buduće trendove i scenarije, što može biti od velike koristi za donošenje odluka i planiranje u različitim oblastima.

The given answer is "Klase, slojevi, elite." This answer is correct because it lists different social groups based on social and economic status. "Klase" refers to social classes, which are divisions of society based on factors like wealth, occupation, and social status. "Slojevi" refers to social strata or layers within a society, which can be based on factors like income, education, and occupation. "Elite" refers to a small group of people who hold a high position of power and privilege in society. These groups play a significant role in shaping social dynamics and power structures within a community.

The correct answer is "Relativno trajne skupine ljudi, medjusobno povezanih zajednickim drustvenim delovanjem, poreklom i drustvenim polozajem." This answer accurately describes social groups as relatively permanent groups of people who are interconnected through common social actions, origins, and social positions. It emphasizes the duration and interconnectedness of social groups, as well as the shared social activities and characteristics that bind them together.

The correct answer is "Primarne i sekundarne". This answer suggests that groups can be divided based on the level of intimacy among group members. Primary groups are characterized by close, personal relationships, such as family or close friends, while secondary groups are more impersonal and task-oriented, such as coworkers or classmates. This categorization helps to understand the different dynamics and purposes of different types of groups.

The correct answer is "Kvantitativno oznacavanje pojava na osnovu precizno utvrdjenih pravila" which translates to "Quantitative marking of phenomena based on precisely established rules." This suggests that measurement involves assigning numerical values to phenomena based on specific rules or criteria. It implies a systematic and objective approach to quantifying and evaluating different aspects or characteristics of a phenomenon.

The correct answer is "Intervju, anketa." These two types of conversations, interviews and surveys, are commonly used in research and data collection. An interview involves a one-on-one interaction between an interviewer and an interviewee, where questions are asked and responses are recorded. On the other hand, a survey is a method of gathering information from a larger group of people, where participants respond to a set of questions. Both interviews and surveys are valuable tools for collecting data and gaining insights on various topics.

Vertikalna drustvena pokretljivost moze da bude ulazna i silazna, što znači da osoba može da se kreće prema gore ili prema dole u društvenoj hijerarhiji. Ulazna pokretljivost se odnosi na mogućnost osobe da se uzdigne na viši društveni status, dok silazna pokretljivost se odnosi na mogućnost osobe da se spusti na niži društveni status. Individualna, grupna, unutargrupna i unutargeneracijska pokretljivost se ne odnose na vertikalnu pokretljivost, već na druge aspekte društvene mobilnosti.

The correct answer is "Proucavanje globalne drustvene strukture (drustvenog sistema) i globalnih drustvenih promena". This answer is correct because it accurately identifies the two main subjects of study in macrosociology, which are the examination of the global social structure (social system) and global social changes.

The correct answer is "Nacin - pu" because the word "metod" is defined as a way or a manner of doing something. "Nacin" in Serbian means "way" or "manner," and "pu" is an abbreviation for "putem," which translates to "by" or "through." Therefore, "Nacin - pu" accurately describes the concept of a method as a specific way or manner of achieving something.

Scientific observation differs from ordinary observation because it is conducted according to a predetermined plan and with a predetermined goal. This means that scientific observation is not random or haphazard, but rather follows a systematic and organized approach. By having a clear plan and goal in mind, scientific observation is more reliable, precise, and consistent. This allows researchers to gather accurate data and draw valid conclusions from their observations.

The correct answer includes a comprehensive list of contemporary sociological perspectives, including functionalism, structuralism, contemporary Marxism, critical sociology, social phenomenology, and symbolic interactionism. These perspectives represent different theoretical approaches and frameworks for understanding social phenomena and analyzing society. By including all of these perspectives, the answer demonstrates a broad understanding of the various sociological viewpoints that exist in contemporary sociology.

The correct answer is "Nad predmetima za licnu potrosnju (licna svojina) i nad sredstvima za drustvenu proizvodnju." This means that ownership can be both personal (over objects for personal consumption) and social (over means of social production). It includes both individual ownership over personal items and collective ownership over resources for social production.

Aristotel smatra da je dobra vlast ona koja ne vlada u svom, individualnom interesu, već u opštem interesu. Ovo znači da vlast treba da se brine o dobrobiti svih građana i da donosi odluke koje su u najboljem interesu celokupne zajednice, umesto da se fokusira samo na lične interese ili interese manjine. Aristotel je jedan od najpoznatijih filozofa antičke Grčke i njegova politička filozofija naglašava važnost pravedne i dobre vlasti za prosperitet društva.

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Marks is the correct answer because he is known for his theory of social class and the importance of the social and economic factors in shaping society. He believed that social class played a crucial role in determining one's position and opportunities in society, and that the struggle between different classes was a driving force behind historical change.

The correct answer states that management is a skill of combining production factors to achieve set goals. This definition highlights the key aspect of management, which is the ability to effectively utilize resources and coordinate actions to accomplish objectives.

The correct answer is "Jevresjka religija, budizam, hriscanstvo i islam." This answer states that the monotheistic religions are Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. It includes all the mentioned religions that believe in the existence of only one god.

Social mobility refers to the changes in individuals' or groups' roles and positions within a social structure, while the network/role and position remain unchanged. This means that individuals and groups may experience upward or downward movement in terms of their social status, but the overall structure and relationships within society remain the same. This concept highlights the potential for individuals to change their social standing without altering the overall social structure.

The correct answer explains that comparative method in sociology is applied when comparing variations of one phenomenon within the same society, comparing the same phenomenon in different societies of the same level of development, or comparing similar social phenomena in various societies.

The correct answer is "Sabornoscu i autokefalnoscu." This means that the Orthodox Church is characterized by conciliarity and autocephaly. Conciliarity refers to the practice of making decisions collectively through church councils, while autocephaly refers to the self-governing nature of individual churches within the Orthodox Church. These characteristics highlight the decentralized and democratic nature of the Orthodox Church, where decisions are made collectively and each church has its own autonomy.