Internet Engineering 2 Midterm

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  • 1/141 Questions

    In UNIX terminology, a listener process that operates on a service to handle incoming requests for service is called ?

    • Listener
    • Monitor
    • Daemon
    • Service
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About This Quiz

The 'Internet Engineering 2 Midterm' quiz assesses knowledge on advanced Internet protocols and standards, including IPv6, PPP, and TCP\/IP. It targets understanding of key organizations like IETF and ICANN, crucial for professionals in network and Internet engineering.

Internet Engineering 2 Midterm - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Zero compression is a method that allows a word containing contiguous zeros in an IPv6 address to be replaced by double colons>

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Zero compression is a method used in IPv6 addressing to replace contiguous zeros with double colons. This helps in simplifying and shortening the address. For example, instead of writing 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab, we can write it as 2001:0db8::1428:57ab. Therefore, the statement "Zero compression is a method that allows a word containing contiguous zeros in an IPv6 address to be replaced by double colons" is true.

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  • 3. 

    It is up to the IP host that receives incoming ICMP messages to act on the content of the those messages

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network protocol that allows devices to send error messages and operational information about network conditions. When an ICMP message is received by an IP host, it is responsible for processing and acting on the content of that message. This can include taking appropriate actions such as adjusting network settings, sending error reports, or responding to the sender of the ICMP message. Therefore, it is up to the IP host that receives incoming ICMP messages to determine how to handle and respond to them.

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  • 4. 

    The process of combining multiple outgoing protocol streams at the Transport layer and the Network layers in TCP/IP is called?

    • Folding

    • Multiplexing

    • Unfolding

    • Demulitplexing

    Correct Answer
    A. Multiplexing
    Explanation
    Multiplexing is the process of combining multiple outgoing protocol streams at the Transport layer and the Network layers in TCP/IP. It allows multiple data streams to be transmitted simultaneously over a single communication channel, thereby increasing the efficiency of data transmission. Multiplexing involves assigning different identifiers to each data stream and then interleaving the data from these streams into a single stream for transmission. This enables multiple applications or protocols to share the same network resources and ensures that the data from each stream can be properly demultiplexed at the receiving end.

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  • 5. 

    The IPv4 header's Fragment Offset field is used, if the packet is a fragment, to show where to place the packets data when the fragments are reconstructed

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The Fragment Offset field in the IPv4 header is indeed used to indicate the position of the packet's data when the fragments are reassembled. This field specifies the offset, in units of 8 octets (64 bits), from the start of the original unfragmented packet where the data in the current fragment should be placed. By using this field, the receiving device can correctly reassemble the fragments and reconstruct the original packet. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 6. 

    For the IPv6 header traffic class field, what function does the precedence field serve?

    • It allows an application to differentiate traffic types based on priorities.

    • It allows forwarding routers to distinguish different flows of packets .

    • It allows upper-layer protocols to insert a value in the Traffic Class field

    • It reserves the last 4 bits of Traffic Class field for DS

    Correct Answer
    A. It allows an application to differentiate traffic types based on priorities.
    Explanation
    The precedence field in the IPv6 header traffic class field serves the function of allowing an application to differentiate traffic types based on priorities. This means that applications can assign different levels of importance or priority to their traffic, allowing for better management and handling of network traffic.

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  • 7. 

    Upon receipt of the other configuration flag in a Router Advertisement message, which of the following best represents how the host should respond? 

    • When set to , hosts may not use and address configuration protocol such as DHCPv6 to obtain non address configuration information

    • When set to 1, hosts must use an address configuration protocol such as DHCPv6 to obtain non address configuration information

    • When set to 1 hosts must use an address configuration protocol such as DHCPv6 to obtain address configuration information

    • When set to , hosts must not use an address configuration protocol such as DCHPv6 to obtain address configuration information

    Correct Answer
    A. When set to 1, hosts must use an address configuration protocol such as DHCPv6 to obtain non address configuration information
    Explanation
    When the other configuration flag in a Router Advertisement message is set to 1, it means that hosts must use an address configuration protocol such as DHCPv6 to obtain non-address configuration information. This indicates that the host should not rely on other methods or protocols to obtain this type of information and must specifically use DHCPv6 for this purpose.

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  • 8. 

    On any system, only those protocol numbers for protocols that are actually in use must be defined on that system.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    This statement is true because it is a standard practice for systems to only define protocol numbers for protocols that are actually in use. Defining protocol numbers for unused protocols would be unnecessary and could potentially create confusion or conflicts within the system. Therefore, it is logical for systems to only define protocol numbers for protocols that are actively being used.

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  • 9. 

    If a packet with TTL=1 arrives at a router, the router must discard the packet because it cannot decrement the TTL to 0 and forward the packet

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    When a packet arrives at a router with a TTL (Time to Live) value of 1, it means that the packet has already been through one router and its TTL has been decremented to 1. The purpose of the TTL field is to prevent packets from circulating indefinitely in a network. When a router receives a packet with a TTL of 1, it cannot decrement the TTL any further and must discard the packet to prevent it from being forwarded indefinitely. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following windows command line utilities performs connectivity or reachability tests?

    • Ping

    • Tracert

    • Traceroute

    • Ipconfig

    Correct Answer
    A. Ping
    Explanation
    Ping is a windows command line utility that performs connectivity or reachability tests. It sends a small packet of data to a specific IP address or domain name and measures the time it takes for the packet to travel back to the sender. This helps to determine if the target device or server is reachable and how long it takes to establish a connection.

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  • 11. 

    If a packet with TTL=1 arrives at a router, the router must discard the packet because it cannot decrement the TTL to 0 and forward the packet.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    When a packet arrives at a router with a Time to Live (TTL) value of 1, it means that the packet has already gone through one router. The TTL field is used to prevent packets from circulating indefinitely in a network. Each time a router receives a packet, it decrements the TTL value by 1. If the TTL reaches 0, the router must discard the packet to prevent it from looping endlessly. Therefore, if a packet with TTL=1 arrives at a router, the router cannot decrement the TTL to 0 and must discard the packet. Hence, the answer is true.

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  • 12. 

    ICMP reports errors about IP datagrams, Errors about error messages are not reported

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a network protocol that reports errors and provides diagnostic information about IP datagrams. It is used by network devices to communicate error messages and operational information. Therefore, it is true that ICMP reports errors about IP datagrams. However, errors about error messages themselves are not reported by ICMP.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following is an 8-bit number that denotes various portions of an IPv4 address?

    • Byte

    • Dotted decimal

    • Octet

    • Bit string

    Correct Answer
    A. Octet
    Explanation
    An octet is an 8-bit number that denotes various portions of an IPv4 address. In IPv4, an IP address is represented by four octets separated by periods, with each octet ranging from 0 to 255. Each octet represents a portion of the IP address, allowing for a total of 2^32 unique addresses in the IPv4 address space. Therefore, an octet is the correct answer as it accurately represents the 8-bit number used in IPv4 addressing.

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  • 14. 

    What is an update for the IPv6 routing protocol RIPing that did not exist in the IPv4 RIPv1 implementation?

    • Use of a 15 hop radius

    • Use of distance vector

    • Use of multicast for sending updates

    • Use of poison reverse

    Correct Answer
    A. Use of multicast for sending updates
    Explanation
    The update for the IPv6 routing protocol RIPing that did not exist in the IPv4 RIPv1 implementation is the use of multicast for sending updates. In IPv6, RIPing uses multicast addresses to send routing updates to neighboring routers, allowing for efficient and simultaneous communication with multiple routers. This is a significant improvement over IPv4 RIPv1, which relied on broadcast addresses for sending updates. Multicasting reduces network traffic and improves scalability by targeting only the routers that need to receive the updates, rather than broadcasting to all devices on the network.

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  • 15. 

    What version of IP supports 128 bit addresses

    • IPv1

    • IPv2

    • IPv4

    • IPv6

    Correct Answer
    A. IPv6
    Explanation
    IPv6 is the correct answer because it is the version of IP that supports 128-bit addresses. IPv6 was developed as a successor to IPv4 to address the issue of address exhaustion. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for a significantly larger number of unique addresses compared to the 32-bit addresses used in IPv4. This increase in address space is necessary to accommodate the growing number of devices connected to the internet.

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  • 16. 

    Which of the following router designations helps makes OSPF more efficient than RIP when it comes to managing local routing behavior 

    • Default gateway setting

    • Designated router setting

    • Router Links Advertisement

    • Network Links Advertisement

    Correct Answer
    A. Designated router setting
    Explanation
    The designated router setting in OSPF helps make it more efficient than RIP in managing local routing behavior. In OSPF, the designated router is responsible for maintaining the link-state database and exchanging routing information with other routers in the network. By designating a specific router for this task, OSPF reduces the amount of routing information exchange and processing required by each individual router, making the overall routing process more efficient.

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  • 17. 

    According to the text, what is the protocol most commonly used by ISP's to link their customers to the Internet

    • Ethernet

    • Frame relay

    • Point to Point (PPP)

    • Token ring

    Correct Answer
    A. Point to Point (PPP)
    Explanation
    The text states that the protocol most commonly used by ISP's to link their customers to the Internet is Point to Point (PPP).

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  • 18. 

    The first byte or 8 bits of an IPv6 multicast address must be set to the following?

    • 0000

    • 1111

    • 1010

    • Ffff

    Correct Answer
    A. 1111
    Explanation
    The first byte or 8 bits of an IPv6 multicast address must be set to "1111" because this is the reserved prefix for multicast addresses in IPv6. Multicast addresses are used to send data from one sender to multiple receivers in a network. The "1111" prefix ensures that the address is recognized as a multicast address by network devices.

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  • 19. 

    What is the purpose of the Precedence bits in an IPv4 header's DSCP field?

    • Precedence is used by routers to prioritize traffic through router queues

    • Precedence is used by MTU Discovery to adjust packet size for link MTU's

    • Precedence is used by routers to follow a specified path type

    • Precedence is used by upper layer protocols for error checking

    Correct Answer
    A. Precedence is used by routers to prioritize traffic through router queues
    Explanation
    The purpose of the Precedence bits in an IPv4 header's DSCP field is to prioritize traffic through router queues. By assigning different levels of precedence to packets, routers can determine the order in which packets are processed and transmitted, ensuring that higher priority traffic is given preferential treatment and is sent more quickly through the network. This helps to optimize network performance and ensure that critical or time-sensitive data is delivered efficiently.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following protocols translates a numeric IP address to a physical address? 

    • ICMP

    • IP

    • ARP

    • RARP

    Correct Answer
    A. ARP
    Explanation
    ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is the correct answer because it is a protocol used to translate a numeric IP address to a physical address. It is responsible for mapping an IP address to a corresponding MAC address in a local network. When a device wants to communicate with another device on the same network, it uses ARP to obtain the MAC address of the destination device based on its IP address. This mapping is necessary for data to be properly transmitted at the physical layer of the network.

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  • 21. 

    Which of the following definitions best explains split horizon?

    • All routes that ornate elsewhere are set to infinite distance

    • IT prevents a router from advertising a network to the interface that provides the original network information

    • It avoids routing loops

    • IT creates routing loops

    Correct Answer
    A. IT prevents a router from advertising a network to the interface that provides the original network information
    Explanation
    Split horizon is a technique used in computer networking to prevent routing loops. It works by preventing a router from advertising a network to the interface that provides the original network information. By doing so, it ensures that routes are not sent back to the same interface they originated from, thus avoiding loops in the network. This helps in maintaining a stable and efficient routing system.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following organizations manages Internet domain names and network addresses?

    • ICANN

    • IETF

    • IRTF

    • ISOC

    Correct Answer
    A. ICANN
    Explanation
    ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) is the correct answer because it is the organization responsible for managing domain names and network addresses on the Internet. ICANN coordinates the allocation and assignment of unique identifiers, such as domain names and IP addresses, to ensure the stable and secure operation of the Internet's naming system. The other options, IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), IRTF (Internet Research Task Force), and ISOC (Internet Society), are also involved in various aspects of Internet governance and development, but they do not specifically manage domain names and network addresses like ICANN does.

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  • 23. 

    Using the DSCP identifier, IPv4 traffic can be prioritized by an end node or boundary device, such as a router, and queued and forwarded according to this value DSCP EF ensures that routers expedite the packet forwarding and don't lower the priority value. Of the following, which service most requires DSCP EF?

    • E-mail

    • Instant messaging

    • VoIP

    • Web Browsing

    Correct Answer
    A. VoIP
    Explanation
    DSCP EF (Differentiated Services Code Point Expedited Forwarding) is a value used to prioritize and expedite packet forwarding in IP networks. VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a service that requires real-time communication and low latency. By using DSCP EF, routers can prioritize VoIP packets and ensure that they are forwarded quickly and with high priority, resulting in a better quality of voice communication. Therefore, VoIP is the service that most requires DSCP EF.

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  • 24. 

    IPv6 packet headers are much larger in size than IPv4 packet headers, even though the IPv6 header structure us less complex. What is the main cause of the size of the increase?

    • The larger IPv6 address space

    • The addition of the extension headers

    • Mandatory checksum calculation for IPv6 packet headers using the UDP upper layer protocol

    • The hop limit field's measurement of hops as a distance rather than time.

    Correct Answer
    A. The larger IPv6 address space
    Explanation
    The main cause of the increase in size of IPv6 packet headers is the larger IPv6 address space. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, compared to the 32-bit addresses used in IPv4. This increased address space requires more bits to represent each address, resulting in larger packet headers. The other options mentioned in the question, such as the addition of extension headers, mandatory checksum calculation, and hop limit field's measurement, do not directly contribute to the increase in size of IPv6 packet headers.

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  • 25. 

    An IPv6 node uses NDP to discover the link-layer address of the next hop router by sending a router Router Solicitation message as what kind of network message?

    • Anycast

    • Broadcast

    • Mulitcast

    • Unicast

    Correct Answer
    A. Mulitcast
    Explanation
    An IPv6 node uses NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) to discover the link-layer address of the next hop router by sending a Router Solicitation message as a multicast network message. In a multicast message, a single packet is sent to a group of destination addresses, allowing multiple nodes to receive the message simultaneously. This is different from unicast messages, which are sent to a specific destination address, and broadcast messages, which are sent to all nodes on the network.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following path discovery Windows OS command line parameters turns off reverse DNS lookups?

    • -a

    • -d

    • -h

    • -w

    Correct Answer
    A. -d
    Explanation
    The correct answer is -d. The -d parameter is used in Windows OS command line to turn off reverse DNS lookups. Reverse DNS lookup is a process that resolves an IP address to a domain name. By using the -d parameter, the reverse DNS lookup feature is disabled, which can be useful in certain situations where you don't want the IP address to be resolved to a domain name.

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  • 27. 

    The ICMP redirection process serves only IP routers, not IP hosts.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The ICMP redirection process serves both IP routers and IP hosts. ICMP redirection is a mechanism used by routers to inform hosts about a better next-hop for a particular destination IP address. This allows hosts to update their routing tables and send subsequent packets directly to the new next-hop. Therefore, the given statement is false.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following represents the five states of neighbor cache entry?

    • INCOMPLETE, UNREACHABLE, STALE, DELAY, PROBE

    • INCOMPLETE, REACHABLE, STALE, DELAY,PROBE

    • INCOMPATABLE, REACHABLE, STALE, DELAY, PROBE

    • INCOMPLETE, REACHABLE, STRONG, ONTIME, PROBE

    Correct Answer
    A. INCOMPLETE, REACHABLE, STALE, DELAY,PROBE
    Explanation
    The correct answer is INCOMPLETE, REACHABLE, STALE, DELAY, PROBE. This represents the different states of a neighbor cache entry. The INCOMPLETE state indicates that the entry is being resolved. The REACHABLE state indicates that the entry has been resolved and is reachable. The STALE state indicates that the entry has not been used recently. The DELAY state indicates that the entry is being verified. The PROBE state indicates that the entry is being actively probed.

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  • 29. 

    What is the title of RFC 5000? 

    • Index of official protocols

    • Index of internet official protocols

    • Internet official protocol standards

    • The Internet standards Process

    Correct Answer
    A. Internet official protocol standards
    Explanation
    The title of RFC 5000 is "Internet official protocol standards".

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  • 30. 

    Configuring hosts to be weak or strong can be performed on both IPv4 and IPv6 network nosed

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement suggests that the configuration of hosts to be weak or strong can be done on both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. This means that regardless of the version of the network protocol being used, it is possible to adjust the strength of the hosts.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following definitions best describes a network that is in a converged state?

    • Routers are waiting for table updates to finish propagating

    • All routers know current available networks and their associated costs

    • All routers use static routing tables

    • All routers us link-state routing protocols

    Correct Answer
    A. All routers know current available networks and their associated costs
    Explanation
    A network that is in a converged state refers to a situation where all routers in the network have exchanged information and have updated their routing tables with the current available networks and their associated costs. This means that the routers have reached a consistent and synchronized state, and they are aware of the network topology and the best paths to reach different destinations. This allows for efficient and accurate routing of data packets within the network.

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  • 32. 

    A host invoking the duplicate address detection process sends what type of message?

    • Router advertisement

    • Neighbor solicitation

    • Neighbor advertisement

    • Broadcast query

    Correct Answer
    A. Neighbor solicitation
    Explanation
    When a host invokes the duplicate address detection process, it sends a neighbor solicitation message. This message is used to determine if another host on the network is already using the same IP address. By sending a neighbor solicitation, the host is essentially asking if there is a duplicate address in use. This allows the host to avoid conflicts and ensure that it has a unique address on the network.

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  • 33. 

    The loopback address for a network interface using  IPv4 is 127.0.0.1 and lets the computer user test the interface. What is the loopback address using IPv6?

    • 1

    • ::1

    • ::1::1

    • :1:

    Correct Answer
    A. ::1
    Explanation
    The loopback address for a network interface using IPv6 is "::1". This address is equivalent to the IPv4 loopback address 127.0.0.1 and is used to test the network interface on the computer.

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  • 34. 

    Which of the following routing protocols is a link-state protocol?

    • OSPF

    • IGRP

    • BGP

    • RIP

    Correct Answer
    A. OSPF
    Explanation
    OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol. It is designed to determine the shortest path for routing data packets in a network. OSPF routers exchange information about their directly connected links, including their state and cost, to build a complete map of the network. This information is then used to calculate the shortest path to each destination. Unlike distance-vector protocols like RIP and IGRP, OSPF uses a more sophisticated algorithm based on link-state databases, making it more efficient and scalable for larger networks. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a path-vector protocol, not a link-state protocol.

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  • 35. 

    What functions does the session layer provide?

    • Segmentation and reassembly

    • Session set up, maintenance and teardown

    • Check point controls

    • Data format converions

    Correct Answer
    A. Session set up, maintenance and teardown
    Explanation
    The session layer provides functions for session set up, maintenance, and teardown. This means that it is responsible for establishing a session between two communicating devices, maintaining the session while data is being exchanged, and finally tearing down the session once the communication is complete. This layer ensures that both devices are synchronized and can effectively communicate with each other.

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  • 36. 

    The Flags field in an IPv4 header can be set to different values, depending on fragmentation requirements. Of the following, which is correct about the options that can be set in this field?

    • The values can be set to allow more fragmentation but not prohibit fragmentation

    • The values can be set to prohibit more fragmentation but not allow further fragmentation

    • The values can be set to allow more fragmentation or prohibit more fragmentation, depending on the networks requirements

    • The value can only be set to Reserved (bit 0), with no other available options

    Correct Answer
    A. The values can be set to allow more fragmentation or prohibit more fragmentation, depending on the networks requirements
    Explanation
    The Flags field in an IPv4 header can be set to allow more fragmentation or prohibit more fragmentation, depending on the network's requirements. This means that the sender can choose whether to allow the packet to be fragmented into smaller pieces or to prohibit further fragmentation. The decision to allow or prohibit fragmentation is based on factors such as the network's capabilities and the desired performance.

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  • 37. 

    A network node that understands Jumbo Payload option will process a packet as a jumbo gram under what condition?

    • The packet header payload length field is set to greater than 0

    • The next header field is set to greater than 0

    • The link layer framing indicates that additional octets exist beyond the IPv6 header

    • The fragment extension header is present

    Correct Answer
    A. The link layer framing indicates that additional octets exist beyond the IPv6 header
    Explanation
    When the link layer framing indicates that additional octets exist beyond the IPv6 header, a network node that understands Jumbo Payload option will process a packet as a jumbo gram. This means that if the link layer framing specifies that there are more octets (bytes) in the packet beyond the IPv6 header, the network node will consider it as a jumbo gram and process it accordingly. The other conditions mentioned in the question (payload length field, next header field, and fragment extension header) are not relevant in determining whether a packet should be processed as a jumbo gram.

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following ICMP Type numbers identify echo and echo reply messages?

    • 0

    • 1

    • 3

    • 8

    • 30

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. 0
    A. 8
    Explanation
    ICMP Type numbers 0 and 8 identify echo and echo reply messages. ICMP Type 0 is used for echo request messages, which are sent by a host to check if another host is reachable. ICMP Type 8 is used for echo reply messages, which are sent by the host in response to an echo request. These messages are commonly used in network troubleshooting to determine if a host is responsive and reachable.

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  • 39. 

    Which of the following activities may occur during the protocol analysis process?

    • Tapping into network connections

    • Capturing packets " of the wire"

    • Gathering statistics

    • Decoding packets into readable form

    • Retransmitting captured packets for testing

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Tapping into network connections
    A. Capturing packets " of the wire"
    A. Gathering statistics
    A. Decoding packets into readable form
    A. Retransmitting captured packets for testing
    Explanation
    During the protocol analysis process, several activities may occur. These include tapping into network connections to gain access to the data being transmitted, capturing packets "of the wire" to analyze their content, gathering statistics to analyze network performance, decoding packets into a readable form to understand their contents, and retransmitting captured packets for testing purposes. These activities are essential in understanding and troubleshooting network protocols.

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  • 40. 

    An ICMPv6 Duplicate Address Detection message is closely related to which ICMP message?

    • Reverse ARP

    • Foreward ARP

    • Gratuitous ARP

    • Grateful ARP

    Correct Answer
    A. Gratuitous ARP
    Explanation
    A Gratuitous ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) message is a type of ARP message that is sent by a device to announce its own IP address. It is not a type of ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) message. Therefore, there is no direct relationship between an ICMPv6 Duplicate Address Detection message and a Gratuitous ARP message.

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  • 41. 

    Which of the following is a TCP/IP Transport layer protocol?

    • IP

    • DNS

    • TCP

    • Frame Relay

    Correct Answer
    A. TCP
    Explanation
    TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a TCP/IP Transport layer protocol. It provides reliable, connection-oriented communication between devices over an IP network. TCP ensures that data packets are delivered in the correct order and without errors. It also handles congestion control and flow control to optimize network performance. IP (Internet Protocol) is a Network layer protocol responsible for addressing and routing packets, while DNS (Domain Name System) is an application layer protocol used to translate domain names into IP addresses. Frame Relay is a data link layer protocol used for wide area networks.

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  • 42. 

    For IPv6 multicast address, how bits are assigned to the group ID?

    • 32

    • 64

    • 96

    • 112

    Correct Answer
    A. 112
    Explanation
    In IPv6 multicast address, the group ID is assigned 112 bits. This means that out of the 128 bits of an IPv6 address, the first 112 bits are used to identify the multicast group. The remaining 16 bits are reserved for the flags and scope of the multicast address.

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  • 43. 

    Which of the following are basic rules of operations for nodes(routers and hosts) concerning redirect messages?

    • Routers update their routing tables if they receive Redirect messages Hosts can send redirect messages

    • Routers do not update their routing tables if the recieve redirect messages, hosts can send Redirect messages

    • Routers do not update their routing tables if they receive Redirect messages Hosts do not send Redirect messages

    • Routers update their routing tables if the received Redirect messages, Hosts do not send Redirect messages.

    Correct Answer
    A. Routers do not update their routing tables if they receive Redirect messages Hosts do not send Redirect messages
    Explanation
    Routers do not update their routing tables if they receive Redirect messages because Redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts about better routes to a particular destination. The routers themselves do not need to update their routing tables as they already have the necessary information. On the other hand, hosts do not send Redirect messages as it is the responsibility of routers to handle route updates.

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  • 44. 

    Which RFC most completely defines Neighbor Discovery for IPV6?

    • 4191

    • 4361

    • 4862

    • 4861

    Correct Answer
    A. 4861
    Explanation
    RFC 4861 is the most complete definition of Neighbor Discovery for IPV6. Neighbor Discovery is a protocol used in IPV6 networks to determine the link-layer addresses of hosts, find routers, and maintain reachability information. RFC 4861 specifically outlines the Neighbor Discovery protocol, including its mechanisms for address resolution, router discovery, and duplicate address detection. It provides a comprehensive specification for how IPV6 hosts and routers should interact and exchange information on the network.

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  • 45. 

    Which OSI model layer handles the conversion of outgoing data from bits that computers use in the signals that network use

    • Network

    • Presentation

    • Physical

    • Data Link

    Correct Answer
    A. Physical
    Explanation
    The Physical layer of the OSI model handles the conversion of outgoing data from bits that computers use into signals that the network uses. This layer is responsible for the transmission and reception of raw data bits over a physical medium, such as cables or wireless signals. It defines the electrical, mechanical, and procedural aspects of the physical connection between devices, ensuring that data can be transmitted and received accurately.

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  • 46. 

    What to most analyzers have the indicate unusual network events or errors?

    • Sessions

    • Sockets

    • Alarms

    • Ports

    Correct Answer
    A. Alarms
    Explanation
    Alarms are the correct answer because they are typically used by analyzers to indicate unusual network events or errors. Analyzers monitor network traffic and analyze data packets to detect any abnormal or suspicious activities. When such events or errors are detected, analyzers generate alarms to alert network administrators or operators. These alarms provide valuable information about the nature and severity of the network issue, allowing for prompt investigation and resolution.

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  • 47. 

    What is the common name for PDUs at the Data Link Layer?

    • Frames

    • Packets

    • Segments

    • Data Link PDUs

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Frames
    Explanation
    Frames are the common name for PDUs at the Data Link Layer. In networking, a frame is a unit of data that includes both the data being transmitted and the necessary control information. At the Data Link Layer, frames are used to encapsulate packets of data received from the Network Layer. Frames contain the source and destination MAC addresses, as well as other control information required for reliable transmission over the physical medium. Therefore, frames are the correct answer for the common name of PDUs at the Data Link Layer.

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  • 48. 

    Which of the following types of IPv4 addresses includes the most host addresses?

    • Class A

    • Class B

    • Class C

    • Class D

    • Class E

    Correct Answer
    A. Class A
    Explanation
    Class A IPv4 addresses include the most host addresses because they have a very large network portion and a small host portion. The first octet of a Class A address is reserved for the network ID, allowing for 126 possible networks. The remaining three octets are used for the host ID, providing for approximately 16 million possible host addresses per network. This makes Class A addresses suitable for large organizations or internet service providers that require a large number of host addresses.

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  • 49. 

    A class A network address of 12.0.0.0 is written as 12.0.0.0/8 in prefix notation?

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The given statement is true. In prefix notation, the /8 indicates that the first 8 bits of the IP address are the network address, while the remaining bits are available for host addresses. In this case, the class A network address 12.0.0.0 has the first 8 bits as the network address, making it 12.0.0.0/8.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Oct 4, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Oct 04, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jan 03, 2018
    Quiz Created by
    Bengill

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