Itn 208 Chapter 7 Review Questions

The Neighbor Discovery protocol in IPv6 supports stateless autoconfiguration of attached nodes. This means that nodes can automatically configure their IPv6 addresses and other network parameters without the need for a central server or manual configuration. This protocol allows nodes to discover and communicate with their neighbors on the network, making it easier for devices to connect and communicate in an IPv6 network.

The A Flag, also known as the Autonomous Flag, needs to be set to "on" in order for the node to perform Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC). SLAAC is a method used by IPv6 hosts to automatically configure their own unique IPv6 addresses without the need for manual configuration or DHCP servers. The A Flag indicates whether the host is allowed to use SLAAC to generate its own addresses. If the A Flag is set to "off", the host will not perform SLAAC and will instead rely on other methods to obtain its IPv6 address.

Delegation authority is the process where a DNS server higher in the domain name hierarchy transfers responsibility for portions of the global DNS database to DNS servers lower in its hierarchy. This allows for the distribution of workload and management of specific portions of the database by different servers, ensuring efficient and reliable functioning of the DNS system.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that operates at the transport layer of the Internet protocol suite. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a network management protocol used to dynamically assign IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. DHCP uses UDP ports 67 and 68 for communication between the DHCP server and client. Therefore, the correct answer is 67 and 68.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) does not only manage IP addresses, but also other network configuration settings such as subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses. It is responsible for automatically assigning and managing these settings to devices on a network, making it easier to configure and manage large networks. Therefore, the statement that DHCP only manages IP addresses is false.

When a DHCP client sends a discover packet to the DHCP server, it is essentially requesting an IP address. In response to this discover packet, the DHCP server sends an offer packet to the client. The offer packet contains the IP address that the server is willing to assign to the client, along with other configuration information such as subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers. The client can then choose to accept or decline the offered IP address.

The DNS resource record used for IPv6 host addresses is AAAA. This record is used to map a domain name to its corresponding IPv6 address. It allows the DNS resolver to find the correct IPv6 address associated with a hostname, enabling communication with IPv6-enabled hosts on the internet.

The DHCP server sends a DHCP Acknowledgement (ACK) packet to the client to denote the completion of the DHCP Discovery process. This packet is sent in response to the DHCP Request packet sent by the client after receiving the DHCP Offer packet from the server. The ACK packet confirms that the client's request for an IP address has been accepted and the lease has been granted.

The correct answer is 546 and 547. DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6) is a network protocol used to configure IPv6 addresses and other network parameters. It operates over UDP (User Datagram Protocol) using port numbers 546 and 547. Port 546 is used by DHCPv6 clients to send requests, while port 547 is used by DHCPv6 servers to receive and respond to those requests.

In a DHCPv6 server, IPv6 addresses are bound to the DUID (DHCP Unique Identifier) of the host. The DUID is a unique identifier assigned to each DHCPv6 client and is used to identify and distinguish clients on the network. By binding the IPv6 address to the DUID, the DHCPv6 server ensures that the client receives the same IPv6 address every time it connects to the network, allowing for consistent communication and network configuration.

Clients are the best suited for dynamic IP address assignment. This is because clients are typically devices that connect to a network, such as computers, smartphones, or tablets. Dynamic IP address assignment allows the network to assign a temporary IP address to each client device when it connects to the network. This allows for efficient use of IP addresses and makes it easier to manage a large number of devices on the network. Servers and routers, on the other hand, often require persistent IP addresses to remain easily accessible on the internet.

IPv6 uses a source address selection algorithm and a destination address selection algorithm to provide source and destination address selection.

A DHCP relay forwards the DHCP server's reply to a client's initial address request by using the MAC layer address for the requester. This means that the relay uses the client's unique MAC address to ensure that the reply is delivered to the correct device. By using the MAC layer address, the relay can accurately route the server's response to the specific client that made the initial request.

The DHCP client accepts an offer from a DHCP server by issuing a DHCP Request packet. This packet is sent by the client to the server to officially request the offered IP address and other configuration parameters. The client includes the server's offer information in the request packet, indicating its acceptance of the offer. This allows the server to reserve and assign the IP address to the client, completing the DHCP lease process.

When the preferred lifetime timer expires, it means that the host can no longer use the IPv6 address for new connections. However, if the valid lifetime timer is still valid, it means that the host can continue to use the IPv6 address for existing connections. Therefore, when the preferred lifetime timer expires and the valid lifetime timer is valid, the IPv6 address moves from the preferred state to the deprecated state.

A DHCP client is a software component that is responsible for requesting and obtaining IP addresses and other network configuration information from a DHCP server. A DHCP server is a software component that assigns IP addresses and other network configuration information to DHCP clients. A DHCP relay is a software component that forwards DHCP messages between DHCP clients and DHCP servers in different network segments. Therefore, DHCP client, DHCP server, and DHCP relay are all valid DHCP software components.

The M flag, which stands for Managed address configuration, needs to be set to "on" in an RA (Router Advertisement) for a host to send a request to a DHCPv6 server. This flag indicates that the host should use DHCPv6 to obtain its IPv6 address configuration from a DHCPv6 server.

Servers and routers often depend on DNS which must be manually updated when addresses change. This means that if DHCP was used to manage server and router addresses, any changes in IP addresses would require manual updates in the DNS system. This would be time-consuming and prone to errors. Therefore, DHCP was not traditionally used for managing server and router addresses to avoid the need for manual updates in the DNS system.

An address pool is a range of IP addresses that are managed by a DHCP server and can be assigned to devices on a network. An address scope is another term used to describe a single group of IP addresses managed by DHCP. Both terms refer to the same concept of a range of IP addresses that can be dynamically assigned to devices on a network. Address group and Address superscope are not accurate terms to describe a single group of IP addresses managed by DHCP.

A DHCP Discover packet is broadcast to the local network segment because the address of a DHCP server is not known. This broadcast allows the client to discover and communicate with a DHCP server, which will assign it an IP address. By broadcasting the packet, the client ensures that it reaches all devices on the network segment, including any potential DHCP servers.

When a node sends an RS (Router Solicitation), it is sending an anycast message. An anycast message is a type of message that is sent to a group of nodes, but only one node in the group will receive and process the message. In the case of an RS, the message is sent to a group of routers, and only one router in the group will respond with an RA (Router Advertisement). This allows the node to discover the presence and configuration of routers on the network.

When a DHCP server is not available on the same network segment as the DHCP client, the DHCP client's initial DHCP broadcast requests can be serviced by configuring internal routers to forward DHCP requests from network segments or broadcast domains where DHCP clients reside to segments where DHCP servers reside. This technique allows the DHCP client to reach the DHCP server even if they are not on the same network segment, ensuring that the client can obtain an IP address and other configuration information from the server.

The well-known link-local prefix fe80::/64 is used for creating link-local addresses. The 64-bit randomly generated address and the 64-bit modified EUI-64 address are both valid methods for creating the Interface Identifier (IID) portion of the link-local address. The 64-bit randomly generated address is generated using a random number generator, while the 64-bit modified EUI-64 address is derived from the MAC address of the network interface card. Both methods provide a unique identifier for the node on the link-local network.

A Windows Server 2012 R2 DHCPv6 server can supply an IPv6 address, a DNS server IPv6 address, and the domain name to a node in response to a DHCPv6 request.

The correct answer includes multiple valid enhancements found in DHCPv6 and related enhancements in the basic IPv6 environment. IPv6 interfaces supporting multiple addresses in DHCPv6 allows for flexibility in assigning and managing addresses. IPv6 nodes listening for address updates supports automatic renumbering, which is important for network maintenance and scalability. DHCPv6 servers and routers being configured to send advertisements in authenticated form enhances security. DHCPv6 can be set up to dynamically update DNS records, which simplifies the management of DNS in IPv6 networks.

If a Windows 10 host does not receive a Router Advertisement (RA) in response to its Router Solicitation (RS), its next step in the IPv6 address autoconfiguration process is to send a DHCPv6 solicit message. This message is used to request configuration parameters, including an IPv6 address, from a DHCPv6 server. By sending this message, the host is attempting to obtain the necessary information to configure its IPv6 address.

During the process of IPv6 autoconfiguration, the node checks its calculated link-local address with a Neighbor Solicitation to ensure that the address is not already in use. The node also makes a Router Solicitation (RS) to obtain Router Advertisements (RAs) from attached routers. These RAs contain important information such as the network prefix, default gateway, and DNS server addresses, which are necessary for the autoconfiguration process. Therefore, both of these activities occur during IPv6 autoconfiguration.