Gibilisco - Integrated Circuits

A comparator is commonly used to determine whether two DC voltages are the same or different. A comparator is an electronic circuit that compares two voltage inputs and outputs a digital signal indicating which input is larger. It can be used to compare the voltages and determine if they are equal or not. Comparators are widely used in various applications such as in voltage level detection, signal conditioning, and control systems.

By applying the signal to the inverting input of an op amp, the phase of the sine wave signal can be shifted 180°. This is because the inverting input of an op amp produces an output that is the opposite polarity of the input signal. Thus, when the input signal is positive, the output will be negative, and vice versa. This results in a 180° phase shift in the signal.

Volatility refers to the property of memory where the data contents are lost or erased when power is removed from a chip. This means that the information stored in the memory will not be retained once the power source is disconnected. Therefore, the correct answer is volatility.

All three component types (resistors, capacitors, and diodes) are practical for direct fabrication on a chip. This means that all three can be manufactured directly on the chip during the fabrication process, without the need for separate assembly or integration. This is possible due to advancements in microfabrication techniques and materials, allowing for the miniaturization and integration of various electronic components onto a single chip. Therefore, all three component types can be conveniently and efficiently incorporated into chip designs.

A multiplexer/demultiplexer is used to combine multiple signals into one channel for transmission or separate a single signal from multiple channels for reception. In this scenario, where several signals are being carried on a communications channel, a multiplexer/demultiplexer would be the appropriate choice to single out one specific signal for reception. It allows for the efficient and organized transfer of signals, ensuring that the desired signal is isolated and received accurately.

The correct answer is "higher switching speeds are attainable." This is because ICs (integrated circuits) are made up of multiple components and circuits that are integrated onto a single chip. Due to their compact size and close proximity, the electrical signals can travel shorter distances, resulting in faster switching speeds. Additionally, the reduced parasitic capacitance and inductance in ICs also contribute to the higher attainable switching speeds.

ROM stands for Read-Only Memory, which means that it is designed to store data that can only be read and not modified or written into. The data in a ROM chip is permanently programmed during manufacturing and cannot be changed or erased by the user. Therefore, it is easier to read data from a ROM chip because it is already stored and readily available, while writing data into it would require special programming equipment and processes.

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer memory that allows for quick and easy access to data. It is designed to be both easy to read data from and easy to write data into. This is because RAM uses electronic circuits to store and retrieve data, which allows for fast and efficient data access. Therefore, it is easy to read data from a RAM chip and just as easy to write data into it.

Transistor-transistor logic (TTL) is the correct answer because it is designed to have a high noise immunity. TTL uses a current-mode logic, where the output current is directly controlled by the input voltage levels. This design allows for better noise rejection compared to other types of digital ICs. Base-coupled logic, emitter-coupled logic, and N-channel-coupled logic are not specifically designed to minimize noise, making them more susceptible to noise interference.

An EPROM chip must be physically removed from the circuit to have its memory contents changed because it uses a special type of memory that can be erased and reprogrammed only through exposure to ultraviolet light. Once the EPROM chip is removed from the circuit, it can be placed under a UV light source to erase its memory contents, and then reprogrammed with new data. Unlike other types of memory chips, such as EEPROM, SRAM, and DRAM, which can be electronically erased and reprogrammed while remaining in the circuit, an EPROM chip requires physical removal for memory changes.

In a large radio broadcast transmitter, the final amplifier is responsible for amplifying the signal before it is transmitted. This amplifier needs to handle high power levels, which is not suitable for an integrated circuit (IC) as it would not be able to handle the power requirements. Therefore, an IC would never be found as the main component in the final amplifier of a large radio broadcast transmitter.

An op amp circuit usually employs negative feedback to control the gain. Negative feedback is a technique used to stabilize and regulate the output of an amplifier by feeding a portion of the output signal back to the input in a phase-inverted manner. By adjusting the amount of feedback, the gain of the op amp circuit can be controlled and maintained at a desired level. This helps in achieving stability, reducing distortion, and improving the overall performance of the circuit.

CMOS chips are known for their low power consumption, making them suitable for portable devices and battery-powered applications. They are also sensitive to damage by electrostatic discharge, which means they can be easily damaged by static electricity. Additionally, CMOS chips are able to work at high speeds, allowing for fast data processing. However, they are not designed to handle extremely high power levels, as this can cause overheating and damage to the chip. Therefore, the ability to handle extremely high power is not a characteristic of CMOS chips.

The correct answer is "the size of the semiconductor atoms." The size of the semiconductor atoms determines the minimum feature size that can be achieved in integrated circuit (IC) technology. As the size of the atoms decreases, the components can be packed more densely onto the IC, allowing for higher component density. This is because smaller atoms allow for smaller transistors and other components to be fabricated, leading to increased functionality and performance in ICs.

Capacitors are not used to store data in timers, op amps, or multiplexers. Capacitors are passive electronic components that store and release electrical energy in the form of an electric field. They are commonly used in electronic circuits for various purposes such as filtering, smoothing, coupling, and energy storage. However, they are not specifically used for data storage in any of the mentioned devices. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the above."

VLSI stands for Very Large Scale Integration, which refers to the technology of creating integrated circuits with a large number of transistors on a single chip. MSI stands for Medium Scale Integration, which refers to the technology of creating integrated circuits with a moderate number of transistors on a single chip. The question asks for the number of orders of magnitude larger VLSI is compared to MSI. An order of magnitude is a factor of 10. Since VLSI has a significantly larger number of transistors than MSI, the correct answer is Four.

The correct answer is "Lower gain". This means that one disadvantage of ICs compared to discrete components is that they generally have lower gain. In other words, ICs may not amplify signals as effectively as discrete components. This can be a limitation in certain applications where high gain is required. However, ICs still offer advantages such as higher component density, ease of maintenance, and lower current consumption, making them popular in many electronic devices.

Flip-flops are not specifically used to store data in timers, op amps, or multiplexers. Flip-flops are sequential logic circuits that can be used to store a single bit of information, typically in digital systems, and are commonly used in applications such as registers, counters, and memory units. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the above" as none of the options provided accurately describe the purpose of flip-flops.