Immunologi 27004 - 2015

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| By Lars Hellgren
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Lars Hellgren
Community Contributor
Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 368
| Attempts: 223
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  • 1/15 Questions

    Angiv om dette påstand er rigtigt: Cytokiner er signalmolekyler som immunceller bruger til at kommunikere med.

    • True
    • False
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Immunologi 27004 - 2015 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Hvilken af disse sætninger beskriver bedst det innate immunforsvar

    • Den del af immunsystemet som forårsager specifikke respons i mod forskellige bakterier

    • Den del af immunsystemet, som husker tidligere infektioner, og derved gør at immunresponset bliver meget hurtigere den andre gang man bliver inficeret

    • Det uspecifikke immunrespons som udgør "den føreste skjold" i mod inficerende mikroorganismer

    • Den del af immunsystemet som producerer antistoffer

    Correct Answer
    A. Det uspecifikke immunrespons som udgør "den føreste skjold" i mod inficerende mikroorganismer
    Explanation
    The correct answer describes the innate immune response as the nonspecific immune response that acts as the first line of defense against invading microorganisms. This response is not specific to any particular bacteria and provides immediate protection upon infection. It includes physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular components like neutrophils and macrophages that engulf and destroy pathogens. This response is rapid and does not require prior exposure or memory of previous infections.

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  • 3. 

    Hvad menes med "Mønstergenkendelse receptorer" ("pattern-recognition receptors" - (PRR) ?

    • Receptorer, f eks Toll like receporer som genkender specifikke strukturer fra bakterien, f eks cellevægs komponenter og bakterie DNA

    • Receptorer som sidder på immunceller og genkender det mønster af cytokiner som udskilles af dendritiske celler

    • Receptorer i tarmen som genkender særlige mønster af næringsstoffer, som kan modulere immunresponset

    • Receptorer på mikroorganismer som genkender strukturer på immunceller

    Correct Answer
    A. Receptorer, f eks Toll like receporer som genkender specifikke strukturer fra bakterien, f eks cellevægs komponenter og bakterie DNA
    Explanation
    Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are receptors that recognize specific structures from bacteria, such as cell wall components and bacterial DNA. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an example of PRRs that specifically recognize these structures. PRRs are found on immune cells and play a crucial role in initiating immune responses against pathogens. They help in detecting patterns or signatures associated with microbial infection and activating the immune system accordingly.

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  • 4. 

    Hvilken funktion har de dendritiske celler i immunsystemet

    • De producerer antistoffer

    • De aktiverer makrofager til at optage og nedbryde bakterier

    • De er antigenpræsenterende celler

    • De dræber virus inficede celler

    Correct Answer
    A. De er antigenpræsenterende celler
    Explanation
    The dendritic cells in the immune system have the function of presenting antigens. This means that they capture and process foreign substances (antigens) and then present them to other immune cells, such as T cells. This presentation helps activate the immune response and allows other immune cells to recognize and respond to the antigens appropriately.

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  • 5. 

    Hvilken af disse celletyper udvikles til antistof producerende celler ?

    • Natural Killer Cells

    • B-celler

    • T-celler

    • Monocytter

    Correct Answer
    A. B-celler
    Explanation
    B-celler udvikles til antistof producerende celler. B-celler er en type hvide blodlegemer, der spiller en vigtig rolle i immunsystemet. Når de aktiveres af et antigen, differentierer de sig til plasmaceller, der er specialiseret i at producere og frigive antistoffer. Disse antistoffer binder sig til antigener og hjælper med at neutralisere eller ødelægge dem. Således er B-celler afgørende for kroppens evne til at bekæmpe infektioner og opretholde immunforsvaret.

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  • 6. 

    Hvilke af disse celler indgår i det adaptive immunrepsons?

    • Makrofager

    • Neutrophiler

    • B-celler

    • Dendritske celler

    • T-celler

    • Eosinophiler

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. B-celler
    A. T-celler
    Explanation
    B-cells and T-cells are both types of cells that are involved in the adaptive immune response. B-cells are responsible for producing antibodies, which help to neutralize pathogens and toxins. T-cells, on the other hand, play a role in cell-mediated immunity, helping to coordinate and regulate the immune response. Both B-cells and T-cells are able to recognize specific antigens and mount a targeted response against them.

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  • 7. 

    Hvad heder det protein som indgår i processen hvor dendritiske cellers aktivererer naive T celler  ?

    • IL-4

    • Histamin

    • Koplement protein

    • MHC II

    • MHC I

    Correct Answer
    A. MHC II
    Explanation
    MHC II (Major Histocompatibility Complex II) is the correct answer. MHC II proteins are involved in the process where dendritic cells activate naive T cells. These proteins present antigens to T cells, which triggers an immune response. IL-4 is a cytokine involved in immune responses, but it is not specifically related to the activation of naive T cells by dendritic cells. Histamine is a molecule involved in allergic reactions and inflammation, but it is not directly involved in the activation of T cells. Complement proteins are part of the immune system, but they do not play a role in activating naive T cells. MHC I proteins are involved in presenting antigens to cytotoxic T cells, not naive T cells.

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  • 8. 

    Hvad er de regulatoriske T-cellers funktion (de så kaldte Treg)?

    • De akitverer alle andre T-celler

    • De nedregulerer immunresponset i mod deres specifikke antigen, og skaber derved immunologisk tolerance overfor det specifikke antigen

    • De regulerer antistofproduktionen ved at aktivere B-celler

    • De nedregulerer aktiviteten i dendritiske celler, og dæmper således den generelle aktivitet i immunsystemet

    Correct Answer
    A. De nedregulerer immunresponset i mod deres specifikke antigen, og skaber derved immunologisk tolerance overfor det specifikke antigen
    Explanation
    Regulatory T-cells, also known as Treg, function by downregulating the immune response against their specific antigen. This leads to the development of immunological tolerance towards that specific antigen.

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  • 9. 

    Hvilken anden celletype end dendritiske celler er specialiserede til denne funktion  ? :

    • CD8 + T celler

    • Makrofager

    • NK celler

    • Mast celler

    • CD4+ T celler

    Correct Answer
    A. Makrofager
    Explanation
    Macrophages are specialized cells that play a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing and digesting pathogens, dead cells, and cellular debris. They also help in presenting antigens to other immune cells, activating the immune response. Unlike dendritic cells, which are also involved in antigen presentation, macrophages are not specialized in capturing and processing antigens from the environment. Therefore, macrophages are the correct answer as they are another cell type specialized for this function.

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  • 10. 

    Hvad karakteriserer de særlige receptorer man finder på eller i cellerne i det innate immunsystem  ?

    • De er meget variable, så at de i princip findes en receptor som genkender hvert antigen vi kan eksponeres for under vores levetid

    • De genkender evolutionært velbevarede molekyler som karakteriserer invaderende patogener, for eksempel gram-negative eller gram-positive bakterier samt virus

    • De genkender specifikke patogene bakterier, for eksempel salmonella eller campylobacter

    • De aktiverer antistof-produktion i cellen

    Correct Answer
    A. De genkender evolutionært velbevarede molekyler som karakteriserer invaderende patogener, for eksempel gram-negative eller gram-positive bakterier samt virus
    Explanation
    The correct answer states that the special receptors found on or in the cells of the innate immune system recognize evolutionarily conserved molecules that characterize invading pathogens such as gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria and viruses. This means that these receptors are able to detect and respond to common features shared by a wide range of pathogens, allowing the immune system to mount a rapid and effective response against them.

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  • 11. 

    Hvilke celler bliver aktiverede af dendtritiske celler i lymfeknuderne

    • CD4+ T celler

    • Makrofager

    • NK celler

    • CD8+ T celler

    • Makrofager

    • Granulocytter

    Correct Answer
    A. CD4+ T celler
    Explanation
    Dendritiske celler aktiverer CD4+ T celler i lymfeknuderne. CD4+ T celler er en type lymfocytter, der spiller en central rolle i immunresponsen. Når dendritiske celler præsenterer antigener for CD4+ T celler, kan det føre til aktivering af disse T celler, der derefter kan initiere en specifik immunrespons mod den pågældende antigen.

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  • 12. 

    Et Th1-type af immunresponse betyder at immunresponset  (det er to rigtige svar):

    • Rettet i mod intracellulære patogener

    • Er rettet i mod extracellulære patogener, f eks parasiter

    • Aktiverer makrofager

    • Aktiverer B-celler

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Rettet i mod intracellulære patogener
    A. Aktiverer makrofager
    Explanation
    A Th1-type immune response is directed against intracellular pathogens and activates macrophages. This type of response is characterized by the activation of T-helper 1 cells, which release cytokines that promote the activation of macrophages. These activated macrophages are crucial for eliminating intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and certain bacteria, by engulfing and destroying them. Therefore, the correct answer choices are "rettet i mod intracellulære patogener" (directed against intracellular pathogens) and "aktiverer makrofager" (activates macrophages).

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  • 13. 

    Et Th2-type af immunresponse betyder at immunresponset  (det er to rigtige svar):

    • Rettet i mod intracellulære patogener

    • Er rettet i mod extracellulære patogener, f eks parasiter

    • Aktiverer makrofager

    • Aktiverer B-celler

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Er rettet i mod extracellulære patogener, f eks parasiter
    A. Aktiverer B-celler
    Explanation
    A Th2-type immune response is directed against extracellular pathogens, such as parasites, and activates B-cells. It does not target intracellular pathogens or activate macrophages.

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  • 14. 

    Beskriv med egne ord kort de dendritiske cellers funktion

  • 15. 

    Hvilken rolle spiller M-cellerne i tarmepithelet for tarmens immunrespons?

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  • Jul 22, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Jan 08, 2013
    Quiz Created by
    Lars Hellgren
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