Immunohaematology
- 1.
In the ABO blood system, you normally can be type :
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
ABO
- D.
A,B,AB,or O
Correct Answer
D. A,B,AB,or OExplanation
You can be type A, B, AB, or O but not ABO.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the ABO blood system?
- A.
People who have the A antigen normally would not produce the anti-A antibody.
- B.
People who are type AB normally produce both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
- C.
The only ABO type blood that normally does not have either A or B antigens is AB.
Correct Answer
A. People who have the A antigen normally would not produce the anti-A antibody.Explanation
If they produced anti-A antibodies, it would destroy their own blood. However, they do normally produce anti-B antibodies since B type blood would be alien to them.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The universal blood donor for ABO system are type :
- A.
A
- B.
O
- C.
AB
- D.
B
Correct Answer
B. OExplanation
Since type O blood normally lacks both A and B antigens, it will not be recognized as an alien type by the blood of anyone. As a result, anyone usually can be transfused with O blood without concern about rejection for this blood group.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of th following statements is true about the ABO blood system :
- A.
It was discovered in the 1950's.
- B.
It was discovered by Karl Landsteiner
- C.
Few people are actually typed for this system because of the difficulty of the procedure and high cost.
- D.
A and b
Correct Answer
B. It was discovered by Karl LandsteinerExplanation
Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO system in 1900 and 1901 while trying to understand why blood transfusions sometimes saved lives and at other times caused death.Rate this question:
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- 5.
An individual's ABO blood type is normally determined by?
- A.
The inheritance of 1 of 3 possible alleles (A, B, or O) from each parent
- B.
Genetic inheritance and environmental influences during life
- C.
Environmental influences alone
Correct Answer
A. The inheritance of 1 of 3 possible alleles (A, B, or O) from each parentExplanation
In most cases these alleles are totally responsible for determining blood type phenotypes. The inheritance usually follows simple Mendelian patterns. However, there are rare exceptions such as the Bombay Phenotype described in the tutorial.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In determining the phenotype for the ABO blood system
- A.
O is recessive
- B.
O is dominant over A
- C.
B is dominant over A
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. O is recessiveExplanation
The rules of dominance for the ABO system are that A and B are both dominant over O (i.e., O is recessive) and A and B are codominant.Rate this question:
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- 7.
If one of your parents is blood type A and the other is type B, which of the following blood types would you likely be?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
AB
- D.
O
- E.
Any of the above
Correct Answer
E. Any of the aboveExplanation
Since you could inherit A or O alleles from one parent and B or O alleles from the other, you could be any of the 4 ABO types. Look at the other answers to see how this could be true.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A mother of known blood type A has a child whose blood turns out to be B. From this it follows that the mother:
- A.
must really have the blood type AB
- B.
Is homozygous dominant for the trait
- C.
Is heterozygous for the trait
- D.
could have several possible genotypes
Correct Answer
C. Is heterozygous for the traitExplanation
Based on the given information, if a mother with blood type A has a child with blood type B, it suggests that the mother is heterozygous for the trait. This means that she carries both the dominant allele (A) and the recessive allele (B) for blood type. Since the child has blood type B, it means that the mother passed on the recessive allele to the child. Therefore, the mother must be heterozygous for the trait.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Could a man with type O blood and a Women with type AB blood produce a child with type O blood?
- A.
Possible
- B.
Not possible
Correct Answer
B. Not possibleExplanation
Type O blood is a recessive trait, meaning it can only be expressed if both parents contribute an O allele. Type AB blood, on the other hand, is a dominant trait and requires at least one A or B allele. Since the woman has type AB blood, she must have at least one A or B allele, making it impossible for her to pass on an O allele to the child. Therefore, it is not possible for a man with type O blood and a woman with type AB blood to produce a child with type O blood.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following statements is true of the Rh blood system?
- A.
It is more complex genetically than the ABO system.
- B.
It was the first blood type system to be discovered.
- C.
There are 45 Rh blood types.
- D.
A and c
Correct Answer
A. It is more complex genetically than the ABO system.Explanation
The Rh system apparently is much more complex genetically since it involves 45 different antigens on the surface of red cells that are controlled by 2 closely linked genes on chromosome 1. In most cases, the ABO system is controlled by only 2 antigens.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Mother-fetus Rh blood type incompatibility problems can occur if the mother is _____ and her fetus is _____ .
- A.
Rh positive; Rh positive
- B.
Rh positive; Rh negative
- C.
Rh negative; Rh positive
- D.
Rh negative; Rh negative
Correct Answer
C. Rh negative; Rh positiveExplanation
In order for the fetus to be Rh positive, the father must also be Rh positive. As a result, when the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive (or his Rh type is unknown), doctors usually assume that there will be a serious medical problem.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following is true of Rh positive people?
- A.
They are either homozygous dominant (DD) or heterozygous (Dd) for this trait.
- B.
They are all homozygous dominant (DD).
- C.
They are all homozygous recessive (dd).
- D.
They are either homozygous recessive (dd) or heterozygous (Dd) for this trait.
Correct Answer
A. They are either homozygous dominant (DD) or heterozygous (Dd) for this trait.Explanation
The Rh blood factor is a dominant trait. Therefore, both DD and Dd people have the Rh antigen on the surface of their red cells which makes them Rh positive.Rate this question:
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- 13.
If the father of a fetus is Rh positive and the mother is Rh negative, what are the chances that there will be a mother-fetus incompatibility problem? Assume that the couple has already had a child and that there has been no medical treatment to prevent this problem.
- A.
100%
- B.
At least 50%
- C.
Less than 50%
- D.
0%
Correct Answer
B. At least 50%Explanation
If the father is homozygous dominant (DD) the chances of the fetus being Rh positive and an incompatibility problem occurring will be 100%. If the father is heterozygous (Dd), the chances are 50%. There will be no problem if the fetus is Rh negative.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Mother-fetus incompatibility problems result from:
- A.
The fetus' antibodies agglutinating its own red blood cells
- B.
The mother's antibodies agglutinating the fetus' Rh positive red blood cells
- C.
The fetus' antibodies agglutinating its mother's red blood cells
Correct Answer
B. The mother's antibodies agglutinating the fetus' Rh positive red blood cellsExplanation
As a result of fetal blood entering the mother`s system during her first pregnancy with an Rh positive baby, she will regularly produce antibodies to Rh antigens. They will pass through the placental barrier into her fetus and agglutinate its blood.Rate this question:
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- 15.
When a fetus' blood is agglutinated by its mother's Rh antibodies, the severe anemia that results is called:
- A.
Ectopic pregnancy
- B.
Percipitation
- C.
Immunization
- D.
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Correct Answer
D. Erythroblastosis fetalisExplanation
In addition to suffering life threatening anemia, they also are usually jaundiced, fevered, quite swollen, and have an enlarged liver and spleen.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Name the blood groups that are commonly termed ‘Universal Donor’ and ‘Universal Receiver’.
- A.
O;AB
- B.
O-;AB-
- C.
O+;AB+
- D.
O-;AB+
Correct Answer
D. O-;AB+Explanation
O- blood group can be used to supplement a patient of any other blood group. However, sometimes O blood contains antibodies against A and B; so it is actually used as a ‘Universal Donor’ only in vary rare circumstances where blood of the same blood group is not available.Rate this question:
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- 17.
According to International Red Cross Guidelines, a person cannot donate blood if-
- A.
He/she is above 18 years of age
- B.
His/her weight is above 110 pounds (ie 45 kg)
- C.
Both a and b
- D.
He/she has a history of hepatitis
Correct Answer
D. He/she has a history of hepatitisExplanation
- A person needs to be above 18 years of age with a healthy weight of more than 45 kg to be a blood donor. In certain rare cases, minors may be made to donate blood but only with parental consent. Also, it is essential to have a BP reading of above 120/80 and hemoglobin of above 12.5 Gms.
- A history of hepatitis infection disqualifies a person from being a blood donor.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What is the A1 antigen?
- A.
D-galactose
- B.
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
- C.
Acetylcholinesterase
- D.
Glycophorin A
Correct Answer
B. N-acetyl-D-galactosamineExplanation
The A1 antigen refers to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. This molecule is a component of the A antigen found on red blood cells. The A antigen is one of the blood group antigens used in the ABO blood typing system. Individuals who have the A1 antigen on their red blood cells are classified as blood type A. N-acetyl-D-galactosamine is responsible for the recognition and binding of antibodies in the immune response.Rate this question:
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- 19.
After the ABO blood group system, what is the second most clinically significant antigen system?
- A.
Lewis blood group system
- B.
Rh blood group system
- C.
Colton blood group system
- D.
Kell blood group system
Correct Answer
B. Rh blood group systemExplanation
The Rh blood group system is the second most clinically significant antigen system after the ABO blood group system. The Rh system is important in blood transfusion and pregnancy, as individuals who are Rh-negative can develop antibodies against Rh-positive blood. This can lead to complications during pregnancy, such as hemolytic disease of the newborn. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the Rh blood group of individuals to ensure safe blood transfusions and pregnancies.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What is the antigen missing in persons with the Bombay phenotype?
- A.
I antigen
- B.
B antigen
- C.
A antigen
- D.
H antigen
Correct Answer
D. H antigenExplanation
The Bombay phenotype is a rare blood type where individuals do not have the H antigen on their red blood cells. This means that they are unable to produce the A or B antigens, which are normally built on top of the H antigen. As a result, individuals with the Bombay phenotype can only receive blood from other individuals with the same phenotype, as their immune system will recognize any other blood type as foreign and potentially harmful. Therefore, the correct answer is H antigen.Rate this question:
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