ICT - Chapter 4 Theory

Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are used to represent the flow of data within a system. They provide a visual representation of how data moves from one process to another. DFDs can be created at different levels of detail, depending on the complexity of the system being analyzed. Higher-level DFDs provide a broader overview of the system, while lower-level DFDs provide more detailed information about individual processes and data flows. Therefore, it is true that data flow diagrams have different levels of detail.

In a data flow diagram, different components such as processes, data stores, and data flows are represented using different pictures or graphics. This is done to visually differentiate between the various elements and make the diagram easier to understand. By using distinct visuals for each component, it becomes easier for stakeholders to identify and analyze the flow of data within the system. Therefore, the statement "Different components in a data flow diagrams have different pictures/graphics to represent it" is true.

The feasibility study is indeed the first step of a system's life cycle. It involves evaluating the practicality and viability of a proposed system or project. This study helps determine whether the system is technically, economically, and operationally feasible. It assesses various factors such as cost, resources, time, and potential risks to determine if the project should proceed or not. By conducting a feasibility study, organizations can make informed decisions and avoid investing in projects that are not feasible or likely to fail.

Doing more than one method to collect data about the current system can actually be beneficial. By using multiple methods, you can gather a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the system. Each method may provide different insights and perspectives, helping to identify potential issues or areas for improvement. Additionally, cross-validating data collected through different methods can enhance the reliability and validity of the findings. Therefore, it is not necessarily bad to use multiple methods for data collection.

The Hawthorne Effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals alter their behavior when they are aware that they are being observed. This change in behavior can result in increased productivity or improved performance as individuals strive to meet the expectations of the observer. The effect was first observed during a series of studies conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago in the 1920s and 1930s. The studies found that workers' productivity increased not only when changes were made to their working conditions but also when they were aware that they were being monitored.

System flowcharts are not necessarily better to depict the old system since their accuracy depends on how well they are designed and documented. Other types of diagrams, such as data flow diagrams or entity relationship diagrams, can also accurately represent the old system. The choice of which diagram to use depends on the specific requirements and objectives of the analysis or documentation process. Therefore, the statement that system flowcharts are more accurate for depicting the old system is false.

In interviews, it is not necessary to interview every single person in the company to ensure accuracy. The interview process typically involves selecting specific individuals who are relevant to the position or have valuable insights to offer. Conducting interviews with every single person would be impractical and time-consuming. Therefore, the statement is false.

The given answer suggests that the two methods of collecting information about current systems are through interviews and document examination. Interviews involve directly speaking with individuals involved in the system to gather information and insights. Document examination involves analyzing relevant documents and records to understand the current systems. These two methods provide valuable information and can help in identifying strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement in the current systems.

The correct answer is "Requirements Specification" because a requirements specification is a document that outlines the specific features and functionalities that a new system needs to have. It provides detailed information about the system's requirements, including user needs, technical specifications, and any constraints or limitations. The other options, such as Feature List, Requirements Checklist, and Features Specification, may be related to the requirements specification but do not specifically refer to the document itself.

The given answer, "Store, Terminator," is correct because these are examples of different components of Data flow diagrams. In a Data flow diagram, a "Store" represents a data store or a database where information is stored and retrieved. A "Terminator" represents an external entity that interacts with the system being modeled. These components are used to illustrate the flow of data between different entities and processes in a system.