HPMT 356- Immunology

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5. B cells mature in the thymus and T cells mature in the bone marrow before release

True

False

B cells mature in bone marrow, and T cells mature in the thymus

Explanation

B cells mature in bone marrow, and T cells mature in the thymus

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10. Foreign substance capable of stimulating an immune response

Antigen

Antibody

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12. The antibody molecule is composed of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains linked by disulfide bonds

True

False

13. Anamnestic response/ memory response occurs after

Trauma

Repeated exposure to the same antigen

Taking medication

None of the above

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15. Which of the following does immunology deal with

The study of molecules, cells organs and systems responsible for the recognition and disposal of nonself material

How body components respond and interact

Desirable or undesirable consequences of immune interactions

How the immune system can be manipulated to protect against or treat disease

All of the above

16. Which of the following is not apart of the first line of defense

Skin and mucous membranes

Normal flora

Secretions

Antibodies

Defensins

17. An overactive immune response can lead to

SIRS - severe inflammatory response syndrome

Septic shock

Death

All of the above

None of the above

18. Complement is most closely association with

Promotion of opsonization and lysis of foreign cells

Detection of self from nonself

Detection of damaged tissue

None of the above

19. Once complement has been activated, enzyme activation occurs

True

False

20. Complement received its name because it complements the action of antibodies

True

False

21. Innate immunity is required for initiation of adaptive response

True

False

22. Activates cascade

Agglutination

Neutralization

Opsonization

Complement activation

23. Recognition, remembrance and response to a specific stimulus or antigen is not a part of

Specific/adaptive immunity

3rd line of defense

Innate or inborn resistance

Cell mediated immunity

Humoral immunity

24. Acute phase reactant response is associated with

Increase in concentration of some proteins during inflammation

Disposal of waste

Opsonization

None of the above

25. Promotion of phagocytosis

Agglutination

Neutralization

Opsonization

Complement activation

26. Which of the following is not a phase of the primary antibody response

Lag phase

Plateau phase

Log phase

Decline phase

Competitive phase

27. Humoral immunity describes fluids that defend the body from microbial attack

True

False

28. The classical pathway of complement activation is triggered by

Allergen, foreign substance, or lipopolysaccharide

Mannose on cell surface

Antigen/ antibody

All of the above

None of the above

29. The three pathways of complement activation converge

Cleavage of C5 to C5b

Cleavage of C3 to C3b

Cleavage of Membrane attack complex

None of the above

30. Adequate Ag and Ab available- optimal precipitation, see large visible complexes

Zone of antigent excess (Post zone)

Zone of equivalence

Zone of antibody excess(prozone)

None of the above

31. The secondary (Anamnestic) response has the same 4 phases as the primary response and come with repeated exposure

True

False

32. T cells respond directly to antigens or proteins

True

False

Need antigen presenting cells with antigen in MHC

Explanation

Need antigen presenting cells with antigen in MHC

33. Not enough Antigen present to form precipitate- results in soluble complexes

Zone of antigent excess (Post zone)

Zone of equivalence

Zone of antibody excess(prozone)

None of the above

34. Concerning antigen presenting cells, which statement is true

Macrophages and dendritic cells present to T cells

T cells present to macrophages and dendritic cells

Macrophages present to dendritic and T cells

Dendritic cells present to macrophages and T cells

None of the above

35. Booster shots are a combination of primary and secondary response

True

False

36. This cell, under the stimulation of a Thelper cell, returns to the bone marrow to mature

Pro-b cell

Immature b cell

Mature b cell

Plasma cell

37. Which does not describe antibodies/ immunoglobulins

Found in blood plasma and some body fluids

May need other agents like complement for bacteria

Includes IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD and IgE

Made of 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains with a variable and constant region

None of the above

made of 2 light chains and 2 heavy chains

Explanation

made of 2 light chains and 2 heavy chains

38. Double negative thymocytes (DN) cells show no expression of CD4 or CD8 or TCR. These cells however go on to differentiate into CD4, CD8 and Natural Killer NK cells. Regarding this process, which of the following is not true.

CD8 cells must have partial recognition of MHC class I

Nk have expression of CD4 but not CD8

CD4 cells must have recognition of MHC class II

Must recognize self

NK cells show no expression of CD4 or CD8

Explanation

NK cells show no expression of CD4 or CD8

39. Prevent microbial attachment to host

Agglutination

Opsonization

Neutralization

Complement activation

40. Which of the following would not be considered active humoral immunity

Natural exposure to pathogen

Given serum or plasma with high concentration of preformed antibody

Vaccination

Host makes antibodies

when the antibodies are acquired from an outside source it provides passive immunity which is immediate but temporary

Explanation

when the antibodies are acquired from an outside source it provides passive immunity which is immediate but temporary

41. Adaptive immunity is the ______line of defense

1st

2nd

3rd

42. Antigenic binding portion of the antibody

Fab and Fc regions

2 heavy chains

2 light chains

Variable region

Constant region

43. Crosslinkages of antigen-antibody compleses are reversible

True

False

44. Pattern recognitions receptors on cell membranes of phagocytic and other mammalian cells allow them to identify foreign cells. Which of the following is not a pattern recognition receptor

Toll-like receptor

Protein kinase r

Mannose receptor

Epitope

CD14

epitope is a part of an antigen/ antigen determinant

Explanation

epitope is a part of an antigen/ antigen determinant

45. Which is not true about the Mannose binding lectin pathway

Associated with MASP1 and MASP 2 protease

Activated by antigens/antibodies

Initiated by binding with mannose groups on bacterial cell surfaces

All of the above

None of the above

46. Complement is present in circulation in active form but can be inhibited by control proteins

True

False

complement circulates in inactive form and control proteins inhibit automatic activation

Explanation

complement circulates in inactive form and control proteins inhibit automatic activation

47. The alternate pathway of complement activation is triggered by

Contact with foreign surface

Antigen/antibody

Mannose

All of the above

None of the above

48. The final stage of humoral immunity that features the attack of cells and their destruction without engulfing

Opsonization

Antibody-dependent cell mediated toxicity

Complement activation

Neutralization

49. Delayed type hypersensitivity is mediated by CD4+ cells and features interaction between phagocytic cells and T lymphocytes. which of the following would not be considered a delayed type hypersensitivity

Slow appearance of secondary response in the skin

PPD

Rash from Poison Ivy

Allergy

Granulomas from M. Tuberculosis

50. Which of the following is not a goal of innate immunity

Recognize microbes encountered by host

Prevent infection of host

Initiate adaptive immune responses adjusted to invading microorganisms

Serve as effector mechanism for adaptive response

None of the above

51. Markers that distinguish Ig classes, sites can bind and activate complement

Variable region

Heavy chain

Hinge

Fc region

Fab region

also has Fc receptor

Explanation

also has Fc receptor

52. Structure in the membrane or molecular component that the body recognizes as foreign

Epitope

Antigen determinants

All of the above

None of the above

53. Innate immunity can do all of the following except

Increase production of antimicrobial peptides

Secretion of inflammatory mediators

Complement activation

Clotting cascade activation

None of the above

54. Ag-Ab complexes too small to precipitate, results in soulble complexes

Zone of antigent excess (Post zone)

Zone of equivalence

Zone of antibody excess(prozone)

None of the above

55. Which of the following is not a function of complement

Host defense against infection

Interference between innate and adaptive immunity

Disposal of wastes

All of the above

None of the above

56. Antibody recognize and bind microbial epitopes

Agglutination

Opsonization

Neutralization

Complement activation

57. Regarding changes in complement levels, which of the following is not true

Can lead to tissue damage

Can cause intravascular thrombosis

Can lead to infection or autoantibody

All of the above

None of the above

58. Which is not a part of the second line of defense

Phagocytosis

Complement

Secretions

Acute inflammatory reaction

Interferon and lysozome

59. Often the innate immune system is able to destroy cancerous cells before they develop into more dangerous problems, this is an example of the innate immune system's ability to

Detect damaged tissue

Recognize self from nonself

Detect missing or changed self

All of the above

None of the above