Hm Book Ch 6: Human Anatomy And Physiology

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1. Muscles seldom act alone; they usually work in groups held together by sheets of a white fibrous tissue called fascia.  Muscles make up about one-half of the total body weight.  Their main functions are:      - Providing movement including internal fucntions such as peristalsis (rhythmic waves of muscular contraction within the intestines)      - Maintaining body posture through muscle tone, as in the muscles of the head, neck, and shoulders, which keep the head up      - Providing heat through chemical changes that take place during muscle activity, such as exercise that warms the body

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-33

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About This Quiz
Hm Book Ch 6: Human Anatomy And Physiology - Quiz

This quiz contains general knowledge and advancement related questions from the HM Manual, Chapter 6, Human Anatomy and Physiology.
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2. The tympanic membrane, or eardrum, is an oval sheet of fibrous epithelial tissue that stretches across the inner end of the external auditory canal.  The eardrum separates the outer and middle ear.  Sound waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate, and this vibration transfers the sounds from the external environment to the auditory ossicles.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-77
http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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3. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body.  It is composed of 206 bones and gives shape to the body, protects vital organs, and provides sites of attachment for tendons, muscles, and ligaments. 

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-14

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4. Urination is usually stimulated by the distention of the bladder as it fills with urine.  When the walls of the bladder contract, nerve receptors are stimulated and the urination reflex is triggered. The urination reflex causes the internal urethral sphincter to open and the external urethral sphincter to relax. This relaxation allows the bladder to empty. The bladder can hold up to 600 ml of urine. The desire to urinate may not occur until the bladder contains 250-300 ml.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-112

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5. Match the vein with its description below

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-53

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6. The __________ muscles are a broad, trapezium-shaped pair of muscles on the upper back, which raise or lower the shoulders.  They cover approximately one-third of the back.  They originate in a large area which includes the 12 thoracic vertebrae, the seventh cervical vertebra, and the occipital bone.  They have their insertion in the clavicle and scapula.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-42

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7. When the cells of the islets of Langerhans (located in the pancreas) are destroyed or stop functioning, the sugar absorbed from the intestine remains in the blood and excess sugar is excreted by the kidneys into the urine. This condition is called diabetes mellitus, or sugar diabetes. Insulin, a synthetic hormone, is given to patients having this disease as part of their ongoing treatment.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-86

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8. Match the muscle with its description below

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-42

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9. The male gonad is the testis (pl. testes), and the existence of the testes is the primary male sex characteristic. The testes produce and secrete the male hormone testosterone, which influences the development and maintenance of the male accessory sex organs and the secondary sex characteristics

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-87

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10. The interior of the heart is divided into two halves by a wall called the __________ __________(2 words).  In each half is an upper chamber called the atrium, which receives blood from the veins, and a lower chamber called the ventricle, which receives blood from the atrium and pumps it out into the arteries.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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11. Match the muscle with its description below

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-41

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12. The interior of the heart is divided into two halves by a wall called the interventricular septum.  In each half is an upper chamber called the __________, which receives blood from the veins, and a lower chamber called the ventricle, which receives blood from the atrium and pumps it out into the arteries.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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13. Match the term with its description below

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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14. The __________ is an internal muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and the ceiling of the abdominal cavity.  It is the primary muscle of respiration, modifying the size of the thorax and abdomen vertically.  It has three openings for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-43

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15. Fertilization of an ovum normally takes place in the __________ __________(2 words).

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-119

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16. Bone consists of a hard outer shell called __________ bone.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-14

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17. The interior of the heart is divided into two halves by a wall called the interventricular septum.  In each half is an upper chamber called the atrium, which receives blood from the veins, and a lower chamber called the ventricle, which receives blood from the atrium and pumps it out into the arteries. The openings between the chambers on each side of the heart are separated by flaps of tissue that act as valves to prevent backward flow of blood.  The valve on the right has three cusps and is called the tricuspid valve.  The valve on the left has two cusps and is called the __________ valve, but is sometimes also called the mitral valve.  The outlets of the ventricles are supplied with similar valves.  In the right ventricle, the pulmonary valve is at the origin of the pulmonary artery.  In the left ventricle, the aortic valve is at the origin of the aorta.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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18. The bicuspid valve of the heart is also known as the __________ valve.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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19. Erythrocytes, also known as __________ blood cells, are small, biconcave, non-nucleated disks, formed in the red bone marrow.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-45

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20. Between arteries and veins is a system of minute vessels that vary in structure but which are spoken of collectively as capillaries.  It is from these capillaries that the tissues of the body are fed.  There are approximately 60,000 miles of capillaries in the body.  As the blood passes through, it releases oxygen and nutritious substances to the tissues and takes up various waste products to be carried away by venules.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-50

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21. In each middle ear and located in the auditory ossicles are three small bones named the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and the _____________ (stirrup).  Their function is to transmit and amplify various vibrations to the ear drum and inner ear.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-19
Download the HM Manual at http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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22. In each middle ear and located in the auditory ossicles are three small bones named the __________ (hammer), incus (anvil), and the stapes (stirrup).  Their function is to transmit and amplify various vibrations to the ear drum and inner ear.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-19
Download the HM Manual at http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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23. The __________ is a small, dense, usually spherical body that controls the chemical reactions occuring within the cell.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-4

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24. Match the type of joint movement below with the correct description:

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-31

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25. Which of the following is an example of a long bone?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-15

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26. The __________ position refers to the lying position of the body with the face down.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-2

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27. The femur and humerus are two examples of long bones.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-15

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28. The femur and humerus are classified as __________ bones.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-15

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29. The prostate gland, made of smooth muscle and glandular tissue, surrounds the first part of the urethra. It resembles a chestnut in shape and size, and secretes a watery, milky-looking, and slightly acidic fluid to keep the sperm mobile. This substance is discharged into the urethra as part of the ejaculate, or semen, during the sexual act and constitutes about 30% of the fluid. Many older men suffer from an enlarged prostate which can squeeze the urethra to complete closure making it impossible to urinate.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 1-116

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30. The heart is enclosed in a membranous sac known as the pericardium.  The smooth surfaces of the heart and pericardium are lubricated by a serous secretion called pericardial fluid. 

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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31. The sympathetic and __________ nervous systems combined form the autonomic nervous system.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-72

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32. The male sex hormone, testosterone, is produced in the __________.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-114

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33. Most of our quizzes have hundreds of questions, but we've programmed them so that only a few show up each time the quiz loads. Once you're done taking the quiz, re-read the chapter in the Corpsman manual to see what you missed, and then hit refresh on your web browser.  A new set of questions will show up covering the same topics, but worded differently to make sure you know the subject. The best way to improve your score is to continue reading the references and taking our quizzes until you can take a few quizzes in a row scoring at least in the low 80s.

Explanation

The given answer "Got it, thanks!" is the appropriate response to the information provided in the passage. The passage explains that the best way to improve one's score on the quizzes is to re-read the chapter and continue taking quizzes until scoring at least in the low 80s. By responding with "Got it, thanks!" the person acknowledges that they understand the advice given and appreciate it.

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34. This anatomy quiz has several hundred questions but only a few show up each time you load it.  Remember to hit the "refresh" button on your browser to load up a new set after you've completed your current quiz.

Explanation

The given statement is the response to the instruction given in the previous sentences. The instruction states that after completing the current quiz, the user should hit the "refresh" button on their browser to load a new set of questions. The response "Okay, I'll remember!" indicates that the person understood the instruction and will follow it.

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35. The __________ atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the__________ ventricle (both blanks are the same word).

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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36. The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac, stained dark green by the bile it contains. It is located in the hollow underside of the liver  Its duct, the cystic duct, joins the hepatic duct from the liver to form the common bile duct, which enters the duodenum.  The gallbladder receives bile from the liver and then concentrates and stores it. It secretes bile when the small intestine is stimulated by the entrance of fats.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-105

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37. Plasma is the liquid part of blood.  Plasma constitutes 55% of whole blood (plasma and cells).  It is a clear, slightly alkaline, straw-colored liquid consisting of about 92 percent _________.  The remainder is made up mainly of proteins.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-44

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38. The female gonads are the ovaries, and they produce the female sex hormones estrogen, and progesterone.  Estrogen influences the development and maintenance of the female accessory sex organs and the secondary sex characteristics, and promotes changes in the mucous lining of the uterus (endometrium) during the menstrual cycle. Progesterone prepares the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum and maintains the lining during pregnancy.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-87

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39. The interior of the heart is divided into two halves by a wall called the interventricular septum.  In each half is an upper chamber called the atrium, which receives blood from the veins, and a lower chamber called the ventricle, which receives blood from the atrium and pumps it out into the arteries. The openings between the chambers on each side of the heart are separated by flaps of tissue that act as valves to prevent backward flow of blood.  The valve on the right has three cusps and is called the __________ valve.  The valve on the left has two cusps and is called the bicuspid valve, but is sometimes also called the mitral valve.  The outlets of the ventricles are supplied with similar valves.  In the right ventricle, the pulmonary valve is at the origin of the pulmonary artery.  In the left ventricle, the aortic valve is at the origin of the aorta.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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40. Mastication is defined as the process of chewing food in preparaton for swallowing and digestion.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-37

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41. The cell is the smallest and most numerous structural unit that possess and exhibits the basic characterisitics of living matter.  A typical cell is made up of the plasma membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm.  Each cell is surrounded by a membrane called the plasma membrane which is selectively permeable.  It controls the exchange of materials between the cell and its environment by physical and chemical means.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-4

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42. Cells are composed largely of a gel-like substance called cytoplasm upon which depend all the vital functions of nutrition, secretion, growth, circulation, reproduction, excitability, and movement.  The cytoplasm is a gelatinous substance surrounding the nucleus and is contained by the plasma membrane.  The cytoplasm is made of various organelles and molecules suspended in a watery fluid called cytosol, or intracellular fluid.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-4

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43. Cells are composed largely of a gel-like substance called __________ upon which depend all the vital functions of nutrition, secretion, growth, circulation, reproduction, excitability, and movement.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-4

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44. The middle ear is a cavity in the temporal bone, lined with epithelium.  It contains three auditory ossicles, the malleus (hammer), the incus (anvil), and the stapes (stirup) which transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the fluid in the inner ear. The malleus is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum and connects with the incus, which in turn connects with the stapes.  The base of the stapes is attached to the oval window, the membrane-covered opening of the inner ear.  These tiny bones, which span the middle ear, are suspended from bony walls by ligaments.  This arrangement provides the mechanical means for transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-77
Need a copy of the Corpsman manual?
http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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45. Fertilization of an ovum normally takes place in the __________ __________(2 words).

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-119

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46. The sternocleidomastoid muscles are located on both sides of the neck.  Acting individually, these muscles rotate the head left or right.  Acting together, they bend the head toward the chest.  The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates in the sternum and clavicle and is inserted in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.  When this muscle becomes damaged, the result is a common condition known as "stiff neck."

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-41

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47. This anatomy quiz has several hundred questions but only a few show up each time you load it.  Remember to hit the "refresh" button on your browser to load up a new set after you've completed your current quiz.

Explanation

The given answer "Okay, I'll remember!" is the response of the person taking the anatomy quiz after being informed that only a few questions show up each time the quiz is loaded. The person acknowledges this information and agrees to remember to hit the refresh button on their browser to load a new set of questions after completing their current quiz.

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48. The vaginal  vestibule is the area enclosed by the labia minora that includes those vaginal and urethral openings. The vestibule contains a pair of vestibular glands, more commonly known as the Bartholin's glands. The Bartholin's glandslay on each side of the vaginal opening. The ducts of these glands secrete fluid that moistens and lubricates the vestibule. There are also the Skenes glands that are near the opening of the urinary meatus by way of two small ducts.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-120

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49. In man, some of the characteristic functions necessary for survival include the following:
  • Digestion: Involves the physical and chemical breakdown of food into its simplest form.
  • Metabolism: The process of absorption, storage, and use of foods for body growth, maintenance, and repair.
  • Homeostasis: The body's self-regulated control of its internal environment.  It allows the organism to maintain a state of constancy or equilibrium, in spite of vast changes in the external environment.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-3
http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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50. Blood is fluid tissue composed of formed elements (i.e. cells) suspended in plasma.  It is pumped by the heart through arteries, capillaries, and veins by all parts of the body.  Total blood volume of the average adult is 5 to 6 liters.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-44

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51. In man, some of the characteristic functions necessary for survival include the following:
  • Digestion: Involves the physical and chemical breakdown of food into its simplest form.
  • Metabolism: The process of absorption, storage, and use of foods for body growth, maintenance, and repair.
  • Homeostasis: The body's self-regulated control of its internal environment.  It allows the organism to maintain a state of constancy or equilibrium, in spite of vast changes in the external environment.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-3
http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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52. The mitral valve of the heart is also known as the __________ valve.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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53. The blood vessels of the dermis can dilate to contain a significant portion of the body's blood supply.  This ability, along with the actions of the sweat glands, forms the body's primary temperature-regulating mechanism.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-11

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54. Veins and venules form the venous system.  The venous system is comprised of vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and carry it back to the heart.  Veins begin as tiny venules formed from the capillaries.  Joining together as tiny rivulets, veins collect and form a small stream.  The force of muscles contracting adjacent to veins aids in the forward propulsion of blood on its return to the heart.  Valves spaced frequently along the larger veins, prevent the backflow of blood.  The walls of veins are similar to arteries but are thinner and contain less muscle and elastic tissue.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-51

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55. The heart is enclosed in a membranous sac called the "__________."

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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56. The male sex hormone, __________, is produced in the testes.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-114

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57. The blood vessels located in the dermis to contain a significant portion of the body's blood supply.  This ability, along with the actions of the sweat glands, forms the body's primary temperature-regulating mechanism.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-11

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58. There are seven cervical vertebrae in the neck.  The first is called the atlas and resembles a bony ring.  It supports the head.  The second is the high specialized axis.  It has a bony prominence that fits into the ring of the atlas, thus permitting the head to rotate from side to side.  The atlas and the axis are the only named vertebrae in the cervical section, all the others are numbered.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-20

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59. The sternocleidomastoid muscles are located on both sides of the neck.  Acting individually, these muscles rotate the head left or right.  Acting together, they bend the head toward the chest.  The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates in the sternum and clavicle and is inserted in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.  When this muscle becomes damaged, the result is a common condition known as "stiff neck."

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-41

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60. The thorax is formed by 12 ribs on each side and articulates posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae.  The first set of ribs are attached to the manubrium, a flat irregular bone atop the the sternum.  The first seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs.  The remaining five pairs are called false ribs because their cartilages do not reach the sternum directly.  The eigth, ninth, and tenth ribs are united by their cartilages and joined to the rib above.  The last two rib pairs, also known as floating ribs, have no cartilaginous attachments to the sternum.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-21

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61. This anatomy quiz has several hundred questions but only a few show up each time you load it.  Remember to hit the "refresh" button on your browser to load up a new set after you've completed your current quiz.

Explanation

The given statement "Okay, I'll remember!" is the correct answer to the question. The question is asking the user to remember to hit the "refresh" button on their browser to load up a new set of questions after completing the current quiz. The answer given indicates that the user understands and acknowledges this instruction.

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62. A person lying on his or her back is in what position?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-1
Download the HM Manual at http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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63. The chemical breakdown of food in the stomach is accomplished through the production of digestive juices (enzymes) by small (gastric) glands in the wall of the stomach. The principal digestive enzyme produced by the gastric glands is pepsinogen along with a secondary enzyme, hydrochloric acid.  Hydrochloric acid activates pepsin from pepsinogen, kills bacteria that enter the stomach, inhibits the digestive action of amylase, and helps regulate the opening and closing of the pyloric sphincter. Pepsin is a protein-splitting enzyme capable of beginning the digestion of nearly all types of dietary protein

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-100

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64. The interior of the heart is divided into two halves by a wall called the interventricular septum.  In each half is an upper chamber called the atrium, which receives blood from the veins, and a lower chamber called the __________, which receives blood from the atrium and pumps it out into the arteries.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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65. The interior of the heart is divided into two halves by a wall called the interventricular septum.  In each half is an upper chamber called the atrium, which receives blood from the veins, and a lower chamber called the ventricle, which receives blood from the atrium and pumps it out into the arteries. The openings between the chambers on each side of the heart are separated by flaps of tissue that act as valves to prevent backward flow of blood.  The valve on the right has three cusps and is called the tricuspid valve.  The valve on the left has two cusps and is called the bicuspid valve, but is sometimes also called the __________ valve.  The outlets of the ventricles are supplied with similar valves.  In the right ventricle, the pulmonary valve is at the origin of the pulmonary artery.  In the left ventricle, the aortic valve is at the origin of the aorta.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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66. Arteries are elastic tubes constructed to withstand high pressure.  They carry blood away from the heart to all parts of the body.  The smallest branches of the arteries are called arterioles.  The walls of arteries consist of layers of endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissue.  The smooth muscles of arteries constrict and dilate in response to electrical impulses received from the autonomic nervous system.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-50

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67. Lymph nodes, which are frequently called glands but are not true glands, are small bean-shaped nodules of lymphatic tissues found in groups of two to fifteen along the course of the lymph vessels.  Major locations of lymph nodes are in the following regions: cervical, axillary, inguinal, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, and thoracic cavity.  Lymph nodes vary in size and act as filters to remove bacteria and particles from the lymph stream.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-60

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68. The main purpose of the gallbladder is to store and concentrate bile produced by the __________. Its duct, known as the cystic duct, joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct, which enters the duodenum. This organ then secretes bile when the small intestine is stimulated by the entance of fats.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-105

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69. There are three layers of the meninges: DURA MATER - The strong, outer layer.  It connects to the inside of the skull. ARACHNOID MEMBRANE - The delicate middle layer. PIA MATER - The extremely vascular inner layer.  It adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-66
Download the HM Manual at http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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70. The functional unit of each kidney are called nephrons.  There are about 1 million nephrons in each kidney.  Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-109

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71. The approximate total capacity of the adult bladder is __________ ml.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-112

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72. The ____________ is the space between the axon of an activated nerve and the dendrite receptors of another neuron.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-64

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73. The thorax is formed by 12 ribs on each side and articulates posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae.  The first set of ribs are attached to the manubrium, a flat irregular bone atop the sternum.  The first seven pairs of ribs are called "true ribs."  The remaining five pairs are called "false ribs" because their cartilages do not reach the sternum directly.  The eight, ninth, and tenth ribs are united by the cartlilages and joined to the ribs above.  The last two rib pairs, also known as "floating ribs," have no cartilaginous attachments to the sternum.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-21

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74. Testosterone production is a function of the testes.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-114

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75. The heart acts as four interrelated pumps.  The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava.  It pumps the deoxygenated blood through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.  The right ventricle pumps the blood past the pulmonary valve through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it is oxygenated.  The left atrium receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle past the mitral valve.  The left ventricle pumps the blood to all areas of the body via the aortic valve and the aorta.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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76. Which of the following organs serve as ducts for the ovaries, providing a passageway for the eggs to reach the uterus?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 1-118

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77. The __________ is the longest muscle in the body.  It extends diagonally across the front of the thigh from its origin at the ilium, down to its insertion near the tuberosity of the tibia.  Its function is to flex the thigh and rotate it laterally, and to flex the leg and rotate it slightly medially.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-43

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78. Which of the following terms refers to the body's self-regulated control of its internal environment?  It allows the organism to maintain a state of constancy or equilibrium, in spite of vast changes in the external environment.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-2
http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

Submit
79. The female sex hormone estrogen influences the development and maintenance of the female accessory sex organs and the secondary sex characteristics, and promotes changes in the mucous lining of the uterus (endometrium) during the menstrual cycle.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-87

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80. The lips are covered externally by skin and internally by the same mucous membranes that line the oral cavity.  They form the anterior border of the mouth.  The area of the external lips where the red mucous membrane ends and normal outside skin of the face begins is known as the vermillion border.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-38

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81. __________ __________(2 words), which are frequently called glands but are not true glands, are small bean-shaped nodules of lymphatic tissues found in groups of two to fifteen along the course of the lymph vessels.  Major locations of these specialized tissues are in the following regions: cervical, axillary, inguinal, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, and thoracic cavity.  They vary in size and act as filters to remove bacteria and particles from the lymph stream.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-60

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82. The __________ is the middle part of the small intestine.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-101
Download the HM Manual at http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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83. The functions of the three major salivary glands are to keep the lining of the mouth moist and to bond with food particles creating a lubricant effect that assists in the swallowing process of food.  They act as a cleaning agent to wash away food particles that accumulate in the mouth and on the teeth. The salivary glands produce two to three pints of saliva daily, which greatly aids in the digestion process.  Enzymes are present in saliva; they act on food and start the breakdown process.  In dentistry, knowing exactly where the saliva glands and ducts are located is important in keeping the mouth dry when performing certain dental procedures.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-40

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84. In each middle ear and located in the auditory ossicles are three small bones named the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).  Their function is to transmit and amplify vibrations to the ear drum and inner ear.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-19

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85. The body takes a number of measures to prevent infection.  The body's primary defenses against infection include the skin, tears, stomach acid, urine, sweat, mucus, and saliva.  By having this range of both physical and chemical defenses, the body is able to defend against a range of pathogens. Secondary defenses bring about inflammation.  The swelling, redness, and warmth of the infected area cause the body to call in macrophages and neutrophils to consume the bacteria.  If the pathogen is a virus, interferon is produced so that other cells in that region of the body can block the virus from attacking any cells. The body's third line is the way the body remembers specific pathogens and their structures.  If the pathogen enters the body again, the body's response will be much quicker than the first time the pathogen invaded the body.  Antibodies, specific to each pathogen are ready to respond should this occur.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-60

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86. Salivary glands: Sublingual glands:  Located underneath the tongue, in the floor of the mouth.  They are the smallest of the salivary glands and secrete thick, stringy mucus. Submandibular glands:  Located in the posterior portion of the mandible, lingual to the mandibular incisors.  They are walnut sized glands that secrete  saliva that is thinner than the sublingual glands' saliva, but thicker than the parotid's. Parotid glands:  Located inside the cheeks, opposite the maxillary second molars.  They are the largest salivary glands and they secrete clear, watery fluid.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-41

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87. The innominate bone, commonly known as the hip, is a large, irregular bone composed of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and pubis.  In children these three parts are separate bones, but in adults they are firmly united to form a cuplike structure called the acetabulum, into which the head of the femur fits.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-25

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88. The vagina is a fibromuscular tube capable of great distention. The canal is approximately 7-8 cm long extending from the uterus to the outside. The vaginal orifice is partially closed by a thin membrane of tissue called the hymen.  The wall of the vagina consists of three layers. The inner mucosal layer does not have mucous glands; mucous found in the vagina comes from the glands of the cervix. The middle muscular layer consists mainly of smooth muscles fibers. At the lower end of the vagina is a thin band of smooth muscle that helps close the vaginal opening. The outer fibrous layer consists of dense fibrous connective tissue interlaced with elastic fibers.  These fibers attach the vagina to the surrounding organs.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 1-121

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89. The cardiac cycle is coordinated by specialized tissues that initiate and distribute electrical impulses.  The contractions of the heart are stimulated and maintained by the sinoatrial node, commonly known as the pacemaker of the heart. The SA node is an elongated mass of specialized muscle tissue located in the upper part of the right atrium.  The SA node sets off cardiac impulses, causing both atria to contract simultaneously.  The normal heart rate, or number of contractions, is about 80 beats per minute.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-49

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90. Axons of the peripheral nerves are commonly enclosed in a sheath called neurilemma, composed of Schwann cells.  Schwann cells wrap around the axon and act as an electrical insulator.  The membranes of the Schwann cell are composed largely of a lipid-protein called myelin, which forms a sheath on the outside of the axon, called white matter. The myelin sheath has gaps between adjacent Schwann cells called Nodes of Ranvier.  Nerve cells without Schwann cells also lack myelin and neurilemma sheaths which are called unmyelinated fibers, or gray fibers.  Myelin is important as it aids in conduction of the electrical impulse.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-63

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91. The gluteus are the large muscles of the buttocks, which extend and laterally rotate the thigh, as well as abduct and medially rotate it.  The gluteus is composed of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-42

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92. In the digestive system, the chief function of the columnar tissue is the secretion of digestive fluids and the absorption of nutrients from digested foods.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-7

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93. Mineralocorticoids are regulators of fluid and electrolyte balance. Sometimes called salt and water hormones because they regulate the excretion and absorption of sodium, chlorine, potassium, and water. In humans, aldosterone is the only physiologically important mineral corticoid. Its primary function is the maintenance of sodium homeostasis in the blood. Aldosterone accomplishes this by increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-85

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94. Most food absorption takes place in the small intestine. In general, food is not absorbed in the stomach. An exception is alcohol, which is absorbed directly through the stomach wall. It is for this reason that intoxication occurs quickly when alcohol is taken on an empty stomach.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-100

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95. The __________ is the middle layer of the eye. It is a highly vascular, pigmented tissue that provides nourishment to the inner structures.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-75

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96. The first section of the small intestine is known as the duodenum.  It is approximately 25 cm (10 inches) long and forms a C-shaped curve around the head of the pancreas, posterior to the liver.  It has enzymes that start the breakdown of foods and receives enzymes from the pancreas that assist in digestion.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-101

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97. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, somewhat larger than the closed fist, located anteriorly on the chest and to the left of the midline.  It is shaped like a cone, its base directed upward and to the right, the apex down and to the left.  Lying obliquely in the chest, much of the base of the heart is immediately posterior to the sternum.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-46

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98. The color of the red blood cell is determined by the hemoglobin content.  Bright red (arterial) blood is due to the combination of oxygen and hemoglobin.  Dark red (venous) blood is the result of hemoglobin combining with carbon dioxide.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-45

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99. The thorax is formed by 12 ribs on each side and articulates posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae.  The first set of ribs are attached to the manubrium, a flat irregular bone atop the the sternum.  The first seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs.  The remaining five pairs are called false ribs because their cartilages do not reach the sternum directly.  The eigth, ninth, and tenth ribs are united by their cartilages and joined to the rib above.  The last two rib pairs, also known as floating ribs, have no cartilaginous attachments to the sternum.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-21

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100. The scapula is a triangular bone that lies in the upper part of the back on both sides, between the second and seventh ribs, forming the posterior section of the pectoral girdle.  Its lateral corner forms part of the shoulder joint, articulating with the humerus.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-22

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101. The deltoid muscle raises the arm and has its origin in the clavicle and the spine of the scapula  Its insertion is on the lateral side of the humerus.  It fits like a cap over the shoulder and is a frequent site of intramuscular injections.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-42

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102. The interior of the heart is divided into two halves by a wall called the interventricular septum.  In each half is an upper chamber called the atrium, which receives blood from the veins, and a lower chamber called the ventricle, which receives blood from the atrium and pumps it out into the arteries. The openings between the chambers on each side of the heart are separated by flaps of tissue that act as valves to prevent backward flow of blood.  The valve on the right has three cusps and is called the tricuspid valve.  The valve on the left has two cusps and is called the bicuspid valve, but is sometimes also called the mitral valve.  The outlets of the ventricles are supplied with similar valves.  In the right ventricle, the pulmonary valve is at the origin of the pulmonary artery.  In the left ventricle, the aortic valve is at the origin of the aorta.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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103. The occipital bone forms the back part of the skull and the base of the cranium.  It joins with the parietal and temporal bones.  In the center, underside (inferior) portion of the cranium, there is a large opening called the foramen magnum through which never fibers from the brain pass and enter into the spinal cord.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-16

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104. The diaphragm is an internal muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and the ceiling of the abdominal cavity.  It is the primary muscle of respiration, modifying the size of the thorax and abdomen vertically.  It has three openings for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-43

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105. Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the cells of the body. There are two phases of respiration:      -1- Physical or mechanical respiration (external respiration) involves the motion of the diaphragm and rib cage. The musculoskeletal action, which resembles that of a bellows, causes air to be inhaled or exhaled.      -2- Physiological respiration (internal respiration) involves an exchange of gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide, a t two points in the body. The first is the transfer that occurs in the lungs between the incoming oxygen and the carbon dioxide present in the capillaries of the lungs (external respiration). The second transfer occurs when oxygen brought into the body replaces carbon dioxide build up in the cellular tissue (internal respiration)

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-88

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106. The pharynx, or throat, serves both the respiratory and digestive systems and aids in speech. It has a mucous membrane lining that traps microscopic particles in the air and aids in adjusting temperature and humidifying inspired (inhaled) air. The pharynx connects with the mouth and nasal chambers posteriorly. According to its location, the pharynx is referred to as the nasopharynx (posterior to the nasal chambers), the oropharynx (posterior to the mouth), or the laryngopharynx (posterior to the pharynx).

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-90

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107. About halfway down the interventricular septum, the right and left branches of the bundle of His terminate into Purkinje fibers.  These fibers spread from the interventricular septum into the papillary muscles which project inward from the ventricular walls.  As the cardiac impulse passes through the Purkinje fibers, these fibers in turn stimulate the cardiac muscle of the ventricles.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-50

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108. The chemical level is the simplest organization level of the organism.  There are more than 100 different chemical building blocks of nature called atoms that make up every living thing in the universe. The organelle level is second level of organization in the organism.  Organelles consist of chemical structures organized within larger units (cells) to perform a specific function.  It is within a cell and allows the cell to live; without it, the cell is unable to live. The cellular level is the third level of organization in the organism.  Cells consist of the smallest and most numerous structural unit that posess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter.  Although all cells have certain features in common, they specialize to perform specific functions within the body. The tissue level is the fourth level of organization within the organism.  Tissues are a group of many similar cells that all develop together to form the same part of an embryo and all perform a certain function.  Tissues are the "fabric" of the body. The organ level is the second-most complex level of organization within the organism.  An organ is defined as a structure made up of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that, together, they can perform a special function.  Each organ is unique in shape, size, appearance, and placement in the body. The system level is the most complex level of organizational units of the body.  The system level of organization involves varying numbers of kinds of organs arranged so that, together, they can perform complex functions for the organism. There are 11 major systems that make up the human body:  Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive. The organism is a collection of interactive parts that are capable in surviving in hostile environments with the ability to reproduce and repair damaged parts.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-3

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109. The vas deferens is a small tube that connects the epididymis and ejaculatory duct. It can be palpated through the scrotal sac as a a smooth movable cord. It ascends as part of the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal of the lower abdominal wall into the pelvic cavity and transmits the sperm to the ejaculatory ducts. The sperm can stay here up to a month without any loss of fertility depending upon sexual activity.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-115

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110. The right and left temporal mandibular joints (TMJs) are formed by the articulation of the temporal bone and the mandible.  This is where TMJs connect with the rest of the skull. The mandible is joined to the cranium by ligaments of the temporal mandibular joint. The TMJ consists of three bony parts:      - Glenoid fossa:  Oval depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandibular condyle      - Articular eminence:  Ramp-shaped segment of the temporal bone located anterior to the glenoid fossa      - Condyle: The knuckle-shaped portion of the mandibular ramus found on the end of the condyloid process.  It is positioned underneath the glenoid fossa and makes up the hinge joint of the TMJ

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-33

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111. The __________ __________(2 words) divides the body into right and left halves on its vertical axis. 

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-1

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112. Small muscles known as the arrector muscles fasten to the side of hair follicles and are responsible for the gooseflesh appearance of the skin as a reaction to cold or fear.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-12

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113. This quiz has over 600 different questions in the question bank and is doing a fine job of helping you advance.Knowing that revenue from the ads on the sides of this page is our main source of income, which of the following is the best way to help keep us afloat and paying the bills?

Explanation

Paying attention to the advertisements and visiting the ones that genuinely interest you is the best way to help keep the company afloat and paying the bills. By actively engaging with the ads, users can generate revenue for the company through ad clicks and conversions. This financial support is crucial for the company's sustainability and ability to continue providing the quiz and other services.

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114. The chemical action of muscle fibers consist of two stages: In the contraction stage, actin and myosin react to provide energy through the breakdown of glycogen into lactic acid.  In the recover stage, oxygen reacts with lactic acid to release carbon dioxide and water.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-34

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115. The islands (islets) of Langerhans contain three types of endocrine cells: ALPHA CELLS - Secrete the hormone glucagon which causes a temporary rise in blood sugar levels. BETA CELLS - Secrete insulin which is essential for carbohydrate metabolism.  It lowers blood sugar levels by increasing tissue utilization of glucose and stimulating the formation and storage of glycogen in the liver. DELTA CELLS - Secrete the hormone somatostatin, which helps regulate carbohydrates by inhibiting the secretion of glucagon.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-86

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116. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, somewhat larger than the closed fist, located anteriorly on the chest and to the left of the midline.  It is shaped like a cone, its base directed upward and to the right, the apex down and to the left.  Lying obliquely in the chest, much of the base of the heart is immediately posterior to the sternum.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-46

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117. Areolar connective tissue consists of a meshwork of thin fibers that interlace in all directions, giving the tissue both elasticity and tensile strength.  This type of connective tissue is extensively distributed throughout the body, and its chief function is to bind parts of the body together.  It allows a considerable amount of movement to take place because of its elasticity.  It is found between muscles and as an outside covering for blood vessels and nerves.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-8

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118. The ___________ is the primary muscle of respiration.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-95

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119. Skeletal muscle fiber is striated, or striped, and is under the individual's will.  For this reason it is often called "voluntary" muscle tissue.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-8

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120. There are 12 vertebrae in the thoracic region.  The thoracic vertebrae articulate with the posterior portion of the 12 ribs to form the posterior wall of the thoracic region (chest) or rib cage.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-20

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121. Which of the following anatomical terms means "nearest to the point of origin or towards the trunk?"

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-2
http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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122. The jejunum is the middle part of the small intestine; it is approximately 2.5 meters (8.2 feet) long. Its enzymes continue the digestive process.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-101

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123. Most of the absorption of food occurs in the small intestines, where fingerlike projections (villi) provide a large absorption surface.  After ingestion, it takes 20 minutes to 2 hours for the first portion of the food to pass through the small intestine to the beginning of the large intestine.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-102

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124. All tissues of the body are continuously bathed in interstitial fluid.  This fluid is formed by leakage of blood plasma through minute pores of the capillaries.  There is a continual exchange of fluids of the blood and tissue spaces with a free interchange of nutrients and other dissolved substances. Most of the tissue fluid returns to the circulatory system by means of capillaries, which feed into larger veins.  Large protein molecules that have escaped from arterial capillaries cannot reenter the circulation through the small pores of the capillaries, however, these large molecules, as well as white blood cells, dead cells, bacterial debris, infected substances, and larger particulate matter can pass through the larger pores of the lymphatic capillaries, and thus enter the lymphatic circulatory system with the remainder of the tissue fluid.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-56

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125. The diaphysis is the elongated, cylindrical portion (or "shaft") of the bone that is between the epiphyses (or end) of the bone.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-15

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126. Small muscles known as the arrector muscles fasten to the side of hair follicles and are responsible for the gooseflesh appearance of the skin as a reaction to cold or fear.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-12

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127. Which of the following bones is commonly known as the "collar bone?"

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-122
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128. Which of the following terms is used to describe a patient in a lying position with the face up?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-2

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129. The heart muscle, known as the "myocardium," is striated like the skeletal muscles of the body, but involuntary in action, like the smooth muscles.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47

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130. The cerebellum is concerned chiefly with bringing balance, harmony, and coordination to the motions initiated by the cerebrum.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-65

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131. What is the primary muscle of respiration?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-95

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132. Which of the following terms refers to the self balancing of the body's internal environment?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-80
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133. There are seven cervical vertebrae in the neck.  The first is called the atlas and resembles a bony ring.  It supports the head.  The second is the highly specialized axis.  It has a bony prominence that fits into the ring of the atlas, thus permitting the head to rotate from side to side.  The atlas and the axis are the only named vertebrae; all others are numbered. Each cervical vertebrae has a transverse (or intervertebral foramen) to allow passage of nerves, the vertebral artery, and a vein.  The seventh cervical vertebare has a prominent projection that can easily be felt at the bottom of the neck making it possible for Medical Officers and IDCs to count and indentify the vertebrae above and below it.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-20

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134. Each testis is encapsulated by a tough, white, fibrous tissue called the tunica albuginea. The interior of the testis is divided into 200 or more cone shaped lobules (small lobes). Each lobule contains 1 to 3 highly coiled, convoluted tubules called seminiferous tubules.These tubules unite to form a complex network of channels called the rete testis.  The rete testis give rise to several efferent ductules that join a tube called the epididymis

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-114

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135. What is the main function of the kidneys?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-110
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136. The salivary glands produce 2-3 pints of saliva every day.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-40

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137. Which of the following terms refers to the lying positino of the body, with the face down?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-2

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138. The pancreas has two functions:   It serves both the endocrine system and the digestive system. The digestive portion of the pancreas produces digestive juices (amylase, proteinase, and lipase) that are secreted through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum. These digestive juices break down carbohydrates (amylase), proteins (proteinase), and fats (lipase) into simpler compounds.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-103

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139. The palatine bones are the L-shaped bones located behind the maxillary bones.  They form the posterior section of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-19

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140. The wrist bones and ankle bones are classified as __________ bones.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-15

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141. Somatotropin, the growth hormone, influences body growth and development.  During the growth years, an overproduction of somatotropin causes Giantism, while the lack of it causes Dwarfism.  An overproduction after the growth years causes acromegaly, which is characterized by the development of abnormally large hands, feet, and jaw.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-82
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142. The anterior part of the outer layer of the sclera is transparent and called the cornea, or the "window of the eye."

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-75

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143. Metabolism is the process of absorption, storage, and use of digested foods for body growth, maintenance, and repair.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-3

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144. This anatomy quiz has several hundred questions but only a few show up each time you load it.  Remember to hit the "refresh" button on your browser to load up a new set after you've completed your current quiz.

Explanation

The given answer "Okay, I'll remember!" is the response to the instruction given in the question. The question states that the anatomy quiz has several hundred questions but only a few show up each time you load it. It further instructs the user to hit the "refresh" button on their browser to load up a new set of questions after completing the current quiz. The answer indicates that the person understands and acknowledges the instruction, indicating their willingness to remember and follow it.

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145. Which of the following anatomical terms means "near or toward the mid-sagittal plane of the body?"  

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-2
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146. The pectoralis major is the large triangular muscle that forms the prominent chest muscle?  It rotaes the arm inward, pulls a raised arm downward toward the chest, and draws the arm across the chest?  It originates in the clavicle, sternum, and cartilages of the true ribs, and the external oblique muscles.  Its insertion is in the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-42

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147. All muscles respond to stimulus.  this property is called excitability or irritability.  The mechanical action of shortening or thickening (also called a contraction) is activated by a stimulus sent through a motor nerve.  All muscles are linked to nerve fibers that carry messages from the central nervous system.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-34

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148. The two parietal bones are located behind the frontal bone.  These bones form the greater part of the right and left sides and the roof of the skull.  They each have four bordrs and are shaped like a curved plate.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-16

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149. Sensory nerves - Nerves that conduct impulses into the brain or spinal cord Motor nerves - Nerves that carry impulses to muscles and glands

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-64

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150. Straightening or unbending, as in straightening the forearm, leg, or fingers.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-31

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151. The chemical action of muscle fibers consists of two stages, contraction and recovery. In the contraction stage, two proteins (actin and myosin) react to provide energy through the breakdown of glycogen into lactic acid.  In the recovery stage, oxygen reacts with lactic acid to release carbon dioxide and water.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-34

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152. Lymphatic trunks drain lymph from large regions in the body.  The lymphatic trunks are usually named after the region they serve, such as the subclavian trunk that serves the arm.  There are many lymphatic trunks throughout the body.  These trunks then join one of two collecting ducts, the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct, and from there lymph drains into either the left or right subclavian veins.  Note that the thoracic duct serves about 75% of the body.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-59

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153. The cells in the organ of Corti change mechanical vibrations into nerve impulses that travel through the vestibulocochlear (8th cranial nerve) to the auditory area of the cortex in the temporal lobe of the brain.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-78
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154. The palate forms the roof of the mouth and is divided into two sections: Hard palate:  This section is formed by the palatine process of the maxillary bones and is located in the anterior portion of the roof the mouth.  It has irregular ridges or folds behind the central incisors known as rugae. Soft palate:  This section forms a soft muscular arch in the posterior part of the palate.  The uvula is located on the back portion of the soft palate.  When swallowing, the uvula is drawn upward and backward by the muscles of the soft palate.  This process blocks the opening between the nasal cavity and pharynx, not allowing food to enter the nasal cavity.  The soft palate must function properly to allow good speech quality.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-40

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155. The main purpose of the __________ is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver.  Its duct, known as the cystic duct, joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct, which enters the duodenum.  This organ then secretes bile when the small intestine is stimulated by the entance of fats.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-105
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156. The thyroid gland, shaped like a butterfly, lies in the anterior part of the neck, below the larynx.  It consists of two lobes, one on each-64). It consists of two lobes, one on each side of the upper trachea, connected by a strip of tissue called the isthmus.  The thyroid secretes the iodine containing hormone thyroxin (TSH), which controls the rate of cell metabolism.  Excessive secretion of thyroxin raises the metabolic rate and causes hyperthyroidism. This condition is characterized by a fast pulse rate, dizziness, increased basal metabolism, profuse sweating, tremors, nervousness, and a tremendous appetite coupled with weight loss.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-83

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157. Which of the following is the best way to keep our site up and running?

Explanation

The best way to keep the site up and running is to do all of the mentioned actions. Setting the site as your homepage and using the Google search bars helps increase traffic and visibility. Visiting the site and engaging with the advertisements generates revenue for the site's expenses. Using the links to Amazon.com for downloads and purchases also contributes to revenue. Additionally, making a donation through the PayPal link supports the site financially. Therefore, doing all of the above actions is the best way to ensure the site's sustainability.

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158. The vertebral column consists of 24 movable or true vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx or tail bone.  The vertebrae protect the spinal cord and the nerves the branch out from the spinal cord.  Each vertebra has an anterior portion called the body, which is the large solid segment of the bone.  This vertebral body supports not only the spinal cord but other structures of the body as well.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-20

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159. Circulation and respiration are controlled primarily by the __________ __________(2 words), located near the center of the brain.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-65

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160. The ilium forms the outer prominence of the hip bone (the crest of the ilium).

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-26

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161. The two parietal bones are located behind the frontal bone.  They form the greater part of the right and left sides, and the roof of the skull.  They each have four borders and are shaped like a curved plate.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-16

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162. The trapezius muscles are a broad, trapezium-shaped pair of muscles on the upper back, which raise or lower the shoulders?  They cover approximately one-third of the back.  They originate in a large area which includes the 12 thoracic vertebrae, the seventh cervical vertebra, and the occipital bone.  They have their insertion in the clavicle and scapula.

Explanation

The trapezius muscles are indeed a broad, trapezium-shaped pair of muscles on the upper back. They are responsible for raising or lowering the shoulders. They cover approximately one-third of the back and have their origin in a large area which includes the 12 thoracic vertebrae, the seventh cervical vertebra, and the occipital bone. Their insertion is in the clavicle and scapula. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately describes the trapezius muscles.

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163. Leukocyte

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-45

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164. Columnar epithelial cells are longer than they are wide.  They are composed of a single layer of cells whose nuclei are located at the same level as the nuclei in their neighboring cells.  Columnar epithelial cells can be found in the linings of the uterus, in various organs of the digestive system, and in the passages of the respiratory system.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-7

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165. Which of the following is the rest period of the heart?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-47
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166. Diffusion is a process during which elements achieve equilibrium by moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-4

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167. Red blood cells (RBC), or erythrocytes, are small, biconcave, non-nucleated disks, formed in the red bone marrow.  Blood of the average man contains 5 million red cells per cubic millimeter.  Women have few red cells, 4.5 million per cubic millimeter.  Emotional stress, strenuous exercise, high altitudes, and some diseases may cause an increase in the number of RBCs.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-45

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168. Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the small intestine?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-101

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169. Regarding the anatomy and physiology of the eye, the term "accommodation" is the process by which the lens increases or decreases its curvature to refract light rays into focus on the fovea centralis.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-76
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170. We know our quizzes are tough.  Damn tough.  We do it on purpose because our philosophy is that if you study hard before the test, you'll fly through the test.  Our recommendation is simple:  Take the quiz with the material next to you.  Look up the questions that you get wrong.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Okay, I'll think about it!" because the passage states that the quizzes are tough and the recommendation is to take the quiz with the material next to you and look up the questions that you get wrong. By saying "Okay, I'll think about it!" the person is indicating that they will consider the recommendation and take the necessary steps to study and prepare for the quiz.

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171. Vertebrae, the mandible, and the pelvic bones are classified as which type of bone?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-15

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172. The vomer bone is connected to the ethmoid bone and together they form the nasal septum (the wall separating the two nasal cavities).

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-19

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173. The swallowing of food is known as deglutition.  It is divided into the following three phases: Phase one:  The collection and swallowing of masticated food. Phase two:  Passage of food through the pharynx into the beginning of the esophagus. Phase three:  The passage of food into the stomach.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-41

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174. The anterior part of the outer layer of the sclera is transparent and called the cornea, or the "window of the eye."

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-75

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175. The epidermis is the outer skin layer.  It is made up of tough, flat, scale-like epithelial cells.  The five sub-layers or strata of epidermal have been identified, and, listed from superficial to deep are:      Stratum corneum      Stratum lucidum (not always present)      Stratum granulosum      Stratum spinosum      Stratum basale

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-11

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176. The outer layer of the eye is the sclera.  It is the tough, fibrous protective porition of the globe, called the "white" of the eye.  The anterior outer layer of the sclera is transparent and called the cornea, or the "window" of the eye.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-75
http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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177. The sartorius is the longest muscle in the body.  It extends diagonally across the front of the thigh from its origin at the ilium, down to its insertion near the tuberosity of the tibia.  Its function is to flex the thigh and rotate it laterally, and to flex the leg and rotate it slightly medially.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-43

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178. The spermatic cords help suspend the testes inside of the scrotum.  They are made up of the vas deferens, arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerves.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-114

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179. The synapse is the space between the axon of an activated nerve and the dendrite receptors of another neuron.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-64
Download the HM Manual at http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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180. The antidiuretic hormone, ADH, promotes the conservation of water by the kidney.  ADH stimulates contraction of muscles in the wall of small arteries thus increasing blood pressure by retaining fluids in the vasculature.  When ADH is not produced in adequate amounts, the daily urine volume increases to 10 to 15 liters instead of the normal 1.5 liters.  This condition is known as diabetes insipidus.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-83

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181. The mental protubuerance is also referred to as the "chin" and is located at the midline of the mandible.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-19

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182. There are one million nephrons in each kidney.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-109

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183. The lining tissue of the body is called epithelium.  It forms the free surface of the skin as well as the lining of the blood vessels, respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary tracts.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-6

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184. Rods respond to low light intensities of light and are responsible for night vision. Cones require higher light intensities for stimulation and are most densely concentrated in the fovea centralis.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-76
http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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185. At the ends of the long bones is a smooth, glossy tissue that forms the joint surfaces.  This tissue is called articular cartliage because it articulates (or joins) with, fits into, or moves in contact with similar surfaces of other bones.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-14

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186. What term is given to the small, bean-shaped nodules of lymphatic tissues found in groups of two to fifteen along the course of the lymph vessels?  They are found in large groups in the following regions: cervical, axillary, inguinal, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, and thoracic cavity.  They vary in size and act as filters to remove bacteria and particles from the lymph stream.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-60

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187. Which of the following terms refers to the body's self-regulated control of its internal environment?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-3

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188. Regarding the anatomy and physiology of the eye, the term "refraction" is the deflection or bending of light rays that results when light passes through substances of varying densities in the eye (cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor). 

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-76
http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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189. Which substance is is combined with red blood cells to help them carry oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-45

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190. This quiz has several hundred questions in its test bank, however, we've programmed it so that only between 40-50 show up each time it loads. Therefore, when you're done, hit refresh to get a new set of random questions.  You'll have to hit reload several times in order to see every question on it.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Okay, I'll hit refresh to make sure I see every question and really know the subject!" because the passage states that only between 40-50 questions show up each time the quiz loads. Therefore, hitting refresh multiple times is necessary in order to see every question and have a comprehensive understanding of the subject.

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191. Which of the following terms refers to the vertebrae in the neck?

Explanation

The term "cervical" refers to the vertebrae in the neck. The cervical vertebrae are located in the uppermost part of the spine and support the head and neck. They are numbered C1 to C7, with C1 being the atlas and C2 being the axis. The cervical vertebrae are unique in their structure and function, allowing for a wide range of movement and flexibility in the neck.

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192. The female sex hormone progesterone prepares the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum and maintains the lining during pregnancy.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B, page 6-87

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193. Approximately five-sixths of the eyeball lies recessed in the orbit, protected by a bony socket.  Only the small anterior surface of the eyeball is exposed.  The eye is not a solid sphere but contains a large interior cavity that is divided into two cavities, anterior and posterior.  The anterior cavity is further subdivided into anterior and posterior chambers.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-74
http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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194. The middle layer of the eye is the choroid.  It is a high vascular, pigmented tissue that provides nourishment to the inner structures.  Continuous with the choroid is the ciliary body which is formed by a thickening of the choroid and fits like a collar into the area between the Retina and Irish.

Explanation

The choroid is indeed the middle layer of the eye. It is a highly vascular and pigmented tissue that provides nourishment to the inner structures of the eye. The ciliary body, which is continuous with the choroid, is formed by a thickening of the choroid and fits like a collar between the retina and iris. Therefore, the statement that the middle layer of the eye is the choroid is true.

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195. When blood components are separated, the white blood cells and platelets form a thin layer called the "buffy coat" between the layers of plasma and red blood cells.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-44

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196. Blood of the average woman contains approximately 4.5 million red cells per cubic millimeter.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-45

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197. Bone is made up of inorganic mineral salts, with calcium and phosphorous being the most prevalent.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-14
Download the HM Manual at http://www.battalionaidstation.com/HM_Manual_14295B.html

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198. The maxillary bones form the upper jaw, the anterior roof of the mouth, the floors of the orbits, and sides and floor of the nasal cavity.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-18

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199. The zygomatic bones are responsible for the prominence of the cheeks.  The zygomatic bones serve as part of the posterior section of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-19

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200. The parotid glands are the largest salivary glands.  They are located in the cheeks and secrete a clear, watery fluid that forms the bulk of saliva.

Explanation

HM Manual 14295B page 6-41

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Leukocyte
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