History Of Journalism Exam 2

Upton Sinclair was disappointed with the public reaction to The Jungle because he had intended it to spark public criticism of the capitalist system. This suggests that Sinclair had a specific purpose in mind when writing the book, hoping to expose the harsh conditions of the working class and the exploitative practices of capitalism. However, the public's reaction did not align with his intentions, leading to his disappointment.

During the war effort, it was common for nurses to be in high demand due to the need for medical care and support for injured soldiers. Therefore, it is likely that the first call in the campaign to recruit women for the war effort went to nurses, as they were essential in providing medical assistance and tending to the wounded.

During the House Un-American Activities Committee investigation of the entertainment industry, several movie producers, writers, and directors were blacklisted. This means that they were denied employment opportunities and their careers were effectively ruined due to their alleged communist affiliations or sympathies. The investigation aimed to root out individuals who were believed to have communist ties, and the blacklisting was a consequence of this investigation. This event had a significant impact on the entertainment industry, as it led to the suppression of certain ideas and perspectives, and created a climate of fear and censorship.

Julius and Ethel Rosenburg were convicted and then executed for treason. This means that they were found guilty of the crime of betraying their country and were subsequently sentenced to death. This outcome suggests that the evidence presented during their trial was sufficient to prove their guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The fact that they were executed indicates that the punishment for their crime was severe and irreversible.

During the Klan's formative years, young men joined the new organization because it offered them a sense of common brotherhood. This suggests that individuals sought a sense of belonging and camaraderie within the Klan, possibly due to feelings of isolation or a desire to be part of a group that shared similar beliefs and values. The sense of common brotherhood provided a support system and a shared identity that appealed to these young men.

During the muckraking period, there was a rise in greedy industrialists who took advantage of common laborers. This period was characterized by the exploitation of workers by powerful industrialists who prioritized their own profits over the well-being of their employees. This economic and social condition was a significant factor during this time, leading to increased awareness and calls for reform through investigative journalism. The other options mentioned, such as the lack of new immigrants and the end of political corruption, do not accurately reflect the prevailing conditions during the muckraking period.

Coughlin formed his own network of 60 stations nationwide because the major broadcasting networks refused to renew or offer him contracts for his show. This suggests that Coughlin had to take matters into his own hands and create his own network in order to continue broadcasting his show and reach his audience.

The correct answer is "History of the Standard Oil Company." The explanation for this answer is that the phrase "aforementioned 'Terror of the Trusts'" suggests that the person mentioned earlier in the question is known for their involvement in monopolistic trusts. The Standard Oil Company, led by John D. Rockefeller, was one of the most notorious trusts in American history. Therefore, it is logical to assume that the "Terror of the Trusts" referred to Rockefeller and that the monumental series written by him would be about the Standard Oil Company.

The correct answer is a novel about fictitious characters, although it contained accurate and factual descriptions. This is because Upton Sinclair's The Jungle is a work of fiction that tells the story of a Lithuanian immigrant named Jurgis Rudkus and his struggles in the meatpacking industry in Chicago. While the characters and events in the book are not real, Sinclair extensively researched the conditions of the meatpacking industry and included accurate and factual descriptions of the working and living conditions of the time. The book's intention was to expose the harsh realities of the industry and advocate for labor and social reforms.

The public reaction to these articles led to pressure on Congress to eventually pass the Pure Food and Drug Act. This act was a response to concerns raised by the exposés on patent medicines and food, and aimed to regulate and ensure the safety of these products. The public outcry and demand for action led to increased pressure on Congress, ultimately resulting in the passage of this important legislation.

The downfall of David Curtis Stephenson, a top Klan leader, is attributed to his conviction over the rape and murder of a young woman. This suggests that his criminal actions led to his downfall rather than any other factors such as failure to pay taxes, bribery of officials, or jealousy from other Klansmen. His conviction for such a heinous crime would have tarnished his reputation and credibility, leading to a loss of support and influence within the Klan.

During the racially charged year of 1919, many riots occurred due to erroneous press reports about alleged sexual assaults by Black men against White women. These reports, whether true or not, fueled racial tensions and led to violent outbreaks. The fear and anger generated by these allegations intensified racial divisions and contributed to the unrest and riots that occurred throughout the nation during that time.

The correct answer is A character in John Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" novel. The term "muckraker" originated in 1678 and referred to a character in John Bunyan's novel "Pilgrim's Progress." This character was known for raking muck or dirt in order to find hidden treasures. The term later gained a new meaning in the early 20th century to describe investigative journalists who exposed corruption and wrongdoing in society.

Clarence Darrow's unorthodox strategy in the Scopes trial involved calling upon the prosecutor to testify about passages in the Bible. This strategy aimed to challenge the validity of biblical teachings and highlight the conflict between religious beliefs and the scientific theory of evolution. By questioning the prosecutor about biblical passages, Darrow aimed to undermine the prosecution's argument and support the defense's position on the teaching of evolution in schools.

The social attitude toward a woman working outside the home before World War II was frowned upon because it suggested that the man of the house could not provide for his family. This belief was rooted in traditional gender roles and the idea that a man's role was to be the sole provider for his family. Women entering the workforce was seen as a threat to the male breadwinner model and the notion of a woman's place being solely in the home.

Edward R. Murrow initially established his outstanding journalist reputation by covering WWII through his reports from London during the air bombings. This experience allowed him to provide firsthand accounts of the war and the impact it had on the people of London. His reporting was highly regarded for its accuracy and authenticity, and it helped to shape public opinion and understanding of the war. This coverage showcased Murrow's skills as a journalist and solidified his reputation as one of the most respected and influential reporters of his time.

Ida Tarbell was labeled the "Terror of the Trusts" because she was a prominent investigative journalist and writer who exposed the unfair practices of big corporations, particularly the oil industry, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Her groundbreaking work, "The History of the Standard Oil Company," published in 1904, revealed the monopolistic and unethical business practices of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company. Tarbell's in-depth research and fearless reporting contributed significantly to the public's awareness of corporate abuses and played a crucial role in the subsequent regulation of trusts and monopolies in the United States.

The correct answer is both A & B. The final results of her investigative work led to both Congressional passage of the Hepburn Act and Supreme Court rulings on industry violations of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This means that her work had a significant impact on both legislative and judicial actions, resulting in reforms and regulations in the industries under investigation.

The movie Birth of a Nation became controversial over its positive portrayal of the KKK. D.W. Griffith, one of the innovators of cinema, created this movie.

Norman Rockwell was a renowned American illustrator known for his realistic and detailed portrayals of American life. His illustrations often depicted everyday scenes and people, capturing the essence of American culture. "Rosie, the Riveter" was one of his famous works, created during World War II to represent the American workingwoman. Rockwell's portrayal of Rosie symbolized the strength, resilience, and contribution of women in the workforce during the war, making him the correct answer for this question.

The correct answer is The Protocols of the Elders of ZIon. This is a notorious anti-Semitic text that emerged in the early 20th century and claimed to expose a Jewish conspiracy to dominate the world. Despite being widely discredited as a forgery, it has had a significant influence on anti-Semitic beliefs and propaganda. Its publication and dissemination have fueled hatred and prejudice against Jews.

The correct answer is a meteoric rise and fall during the 1950s. This explanation suggests that Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy experienced a rapid and dramatic increase in power and influence during the 1950s, followed by a swift decline. This is likely referring to McCarthy's rise to prominence as a leader of the anti-communist movement and his subsequent downfall due to his controversial tactics and lack of evidence.

Murrow initially partnered with Fred W. Friendly, who later became the president of the CBS news division.

The correct answer is "The Shame of the Cities." This title is most fitting because it implies that the book exposes the corrupt and shameful aspects of urban areas. It suggests that the reporter's investigative work delves into the dark side of city life, highlighting the vices and wrongdoings that occur within urban communities.

McCarthy's use of advertiser pressure to get the press to air his viewpoints was NOT one of his techniques. The other options mentioned were his abuse of the concept of objectivity, his use of the wire services to distribute news, and his timing of pronouncements just before deadline to prevent press verification. These were all tactics employed by McCarthy to manipulate the media, but there is no evidence or mention of him using advertiser pressure to advance his agenda.

During the Progressive Era, journalists were exposing corruption and social issues through their investigative reporting. President Theodore Roosevelt coined the term "muckraking" as a sarcastic reference to these journalists. This suggests that Roosevelt did not appreciate their work and viewed it as digging up dirt or stirring up trouble. This term eventually became associated with the positive impact of investigative journalism, despite its initially derogatory connotation.

Ray Stannard Baker, a highly recognized reporter of his era, focused his investigations on the power of labor unions in the nation. This suggests that he dedicated his efforts to understanding and reporting on the influence and impact of labor unions on society, economy, and workers' rights. He likely delved into their organizational structure, bargaining power, and the role they played in shaping labor laws and policies. By focusing on this topic, Baker aimed to shed light on the dynamics and significance of labor unions in the broader context of American society during that time.

The correct answer is The Commercial Appeal in Memphis. This can be inferred from the question, which states that Editor C.P.J Mooney criticized the KKK as a profit-making scam. Since Mooney was the editor of The Commercial Appeal in Memphis, it can be concluded that this newspaper is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "unknown because many were unaccounted for." This is because during the Tulsa Riot, there was significant destruction and chaos, making it difficult to accurately determine the number of Blacks who were killed. Additionally, many individuals were unaccounted for, further complicating the process of establishing an exact number of fatalities.

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McClure's Magazine is identified as the "greatest of the muckraking journals" by the textbook author.

The correct answer is that all able-bodied women should be forced to seek employment. This is suggested by the statement that some publications were committed to increasing the number of working women. Advocating for all able-bodied women to be forced to seek employment aligns with the goal of increasing the number of working women.

McCarthy began his campaign in Feb. 1950 with unsubstantiated claims of Communist Party infiltration in government. This means that he made accusations without providing any evidence to support his claims. This tactic was used to create fear and paranoia about communist influence in the government, leading to a period known as the "Red Scare." McCarthy's allegations were later discredited, but they had a significant impact on American society and politics at the time.

Murrow's "See It Now" program in 1951 was immediately preceded by his "Hear It Now" program on CBS radio. This indicates that "Hear It Now" was the program that came before "See It Now" in Murrow's career.

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During the 1920s, the state of Indiana became known as "The Klan State" because it had a strong presence and influence from the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan was a white supremacist organization that promoted racism, anti-immigration, and anti-Catholic sentiments. Indiana had a large number of Klan members and even elected several Klan-supported politicians into office. The Klan's influence was so significant in Indiana during this time that the state earned the nickname "The Klan State." This period marked a dark chapter in Indiana's history, characterized by racial intolerance and discrimination.

The correct answer is a massive parade down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C. This event demonstrates the extent of Klan power in the United States by 1925 because it shows their ability to organize and gather a large number of supporters in the nation's capital. Holding a parade in such a prominent location indicates that the Klan had significant influence and was able to openly display their power and presence.

During this era of Klan development, Protestant Ministers supported Klan members who provided the churches with financial gifts. This implies that the ministers were aware of the Klan's activities and were willing to accept their support in order to benefit their churches financially. It suggests a level of complicity or at least tolerance for the Klan's actions, as the ministers did not actively oppose or denounce the Klan from the pulpit.

The young man regularly made his way to the second floor of the Drexel Building because it was the nearest place where he was allowed to use the bathroom. This suggests that there were limited options for him to access a bathroom, possibly due to racial segregation or discrimination. It implies that the young man had to go to this specific location in order to fulfill a basic bodily need, highlighting the unequal treatment and lack of facilities available to him as a black person.

The given correct answer is "guilty of violating Tennessee state law." This means that the Daytona jury in the "Monkey Trial" found the schoolteacher responsible for breaking the law in Tennessee.

Rose Will Monroe of Ypsilanti, Mich. was the real-life "Rosie, the Riveter" who was discovered by actor Walter Pidgeon. This answer is correct because Rose Will Monroe was the woman who inspired the iconic image of Rosie the Riveter during World War II. She worked as a riveter in a factory in Michigan and was chosen to star in a promotional film about war efforts. This film caught the attention of Hollywood actor Walter Pidgeon, who then brought her to the attention of the media. Rose Will Monroe became a symbol of female empowerment and the important role women played in the workforce during the war.

Publications changed the visual image of working women by glamorizing the female labor force through inaccurate portrayals of working conditions. This means that these publications presented a distorted and idealized version of what it was like to work as a woman, making it seem more glamorous and appealing than it actually was. By doing so, they created a false perception of the reality of working conditions for women, potentially influencing public opinion and perpetuating stereotypes about women in the workforce.

During World War II, many women joined the labor force to support the war effort. Among these women, one third were mothers who faced challenges in finding suitable daycare services for their children. This suggests that the lack of available childcare options compelled these mothers to take up jobs, as they were unable to rely on traditional caregiving arrangements.

Margaret Bourke-White became renowned for her photographs capturing women working in factories. Her work was featured in various publications, including The Army's Stars and Stripes newspaper, The Saturday Evening Post, and Look Magazine. However, she gained widespread recognition for her work in Life Magazine, which showcased her powerful and impactful images of women in the workforce.

The correct answer is the televised coverage of the Army-McCarthy hearings. The confrontation between Sen. McCarthy and Joseph Welch took place during the televised coverage of the Army-McCarthy hearings. This was a significant moment in the hearings as Welch, who was representing the Army, famously questioned McCarthy's tactics and ethics, leading to McCarthy's downfall. The televised coverage of the hearings played a crucial role in exposing McCarthy's controversial methods to the public and ultimately contributed to his decline in popularity.

Lincoln Steffens was widely recognized as the first muckraker or reporter to practice tough investigative journalism. He was known for his in-depth reporting and exposés on political corruption and social issues. Steffens' work paved the way for future investigative journalists and helped bring attention to the need for reform in American society.

The correct answer is "arrested by the FBI for conspiracy to overthrow the US government." This is evident from the information provided in the question, which states that members of Coughlin's Christian Front organization were arrested by the FBI. The reason for their arrest was their involvement in a conspiracy to overthrow the US government.

The correct answer is "all of the above." African Americans in Tulsa in the 1920s had possessed long-standing ties to the region for generations, as they had been living there for many years. They were also the descendants of runaway slaves who had sought freedom in the area. Additionally, some of their ancestors had followed Native Americans to the territory during the Indian relocation. Therefore, all of these options are true in relation to African Americans in Tulsa during the 1920s.

The members of the press who covered the Scopes trial showed their bias by standing and cheering after a court argument by a defense attorney that turned into a speech. This behavior indicates that they were not impartial observers but rather supporters of the defense's position. Their actions demonstrate a lack of objectivity and professionalism, as journalists should strive to report the facts without favoring one side over the other.

The correct answer is Pulaski, Tennessee. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was founded in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865 by six Confederate veterans. The group was formed as a secret society with the aim of restoring white supremacy and opposing the civil rights of African Americans. It quickly spread throughout the Southern United States and became notorious for its acts of violence and intimidation against African Americans and other minority groups. The Klan's origins in Pulaski, Tennessee mark the beginning of its long and troubled history in the United States.