1.
Which do not have intervertebral disks? (select 2)
Correct Answer(s)
A. C1/C2
C. Sacral
Explanation
C1/C2 and sacral do not have intervertebral disks. The intervertebral disks are located between the vertebrae in the spine, acting as shock absorbers and allowing for flexibility. C1/C2 refers to the first and second cervical vertebrae, which are responsible for supporting the head. These vertebrae do not have intervertebral disks as their main function is to provide stability rather than flexibility. The sacral region refers to the lower part of the spine, which is made up of fused vertebrae. As a result of fusion, there are no intervertebral disks present in this region.
2.
Which stabilizing ligament connects the dens to the occipital condyles?
Correct Answer
C. Alar ligament
Explanation
apical- dens/occipital bone; alar- dens/occipital condyles ; cruciate- dens/lateral mass atlas; tectorial membrane- body axis/foramen magnum
3.
Select the vertebra that contain foramen transversarium.
Correct Answer
C. Cervical
Explanation
The correct answer is cervical. The cervical vertebrae are the bones in the neck region of the spine. They are unique because they have a foramen transversarium on each side, which is a hole that allows important blood vessels to pass through. The other options, such as coccygeal, lumbar, thoracic, and sacral, do not have a foramen transversarium.
4.
The anulus fibrosus is the central region on an intervertebral disk.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
the nucleus pulposus is the central region.
5.
The primary curvature of the spine is developed post birth.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
the primary curvature is developed in the fetus
6.
The atlanto-occipital joint allows "yes,yes" movement
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
atlantoaxial allows "no,no" movement
7.
Which of the following injuries can cause neurological defects?
Correct Answer
C. Dens fracture
Explanation
A dens fracture is a type of injury that occurs in the neck, specifically in the dens, which is a bony projection at the second cervical vertebra (C2). This injury can cause neurological defects because the dens is located near the spinal cord, and any damage to the dens can potentially compress or injure the spinal cord. This can result in neurological symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or paralysis in the body parts supplied by the affected nerves. Therefore, a dens fracture can cause neurological defects.
8.
There are 7 pairs of cervical spinal nerves.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
there are 8 pairs of spinal nerves and 7 cervical vertebrae
9.
The sacral cornuae which contains the filum terminale externum is the termination of the sacral canal.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
sacral hiatus is the end of sacral canal and also contains the filum terminale externum.
10.
Which two are the most mobile regions of the spine?
Correct Answer
C. Lumbar, cervical
Explanation
The lumbar and cervical regions are the most mobile regions of the spine. The lumbar region, located in the lower back, allows for a significant range of motion and flexibility. It supports the weight of the upper body and provides stability during activities such as bending, twisting, and lifting. The cervical region, located in the neck, is also highly mobile and allows for a wide range of motion in all directions. It supports the head and allows for movements such as nodding, rotating, and tilting.
11.
Which ligament is a continuation of the ligamentum nuchae?
Correct Answer
A. Supraspinous ligament
Explanation
The ligamentum nuchae is a strong fibrous structure that runs along the back of the neck and connects the base of the skull to the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae. The supraspinous ligament is a continuation of the ligamentum nuchae in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine. It runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and helps to stabilize the spine. Therefore, the supraspinous ligament is the correct answer as it is a continuation of the ligamentum nuchae.