Gtf E Learning November

GERD stands for Gastro Esophageal Reflux disease. It is a chronic digestive disorder in which stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and regurgitation. The other options mentioned in the question, reflux esophagitis, LES disease, and regurgitation, are related to GERD but do not fully encompass the condition itself. Therefore, the correct answer is Gastro Esophageal Reflux disease.

Clavulanic Acid in Gramocef CV is a beta lactamase inhibitor. Beta lactamase is an enzyme produced by bacteria that can break down certain antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. Clavulanic Acid inhibits the activity of beta lactamase, allowing the antibiotic Cefixime in Gramocef CV to remain effective against bacteria that produce this enzyme. This helps to enhance the overall effectiveness of the medication in treating bacterial infections.

Microdox LBX is a medication that is useful in treating various conditions including Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), Acne, and Dental Infections. It contains doxycycline, which is an antibiotic that helps to fight against bacterial infections. In PID, Microdox LBX can help to reduce inflammation and treat the infection in the pelvic area. It can also be effective in treating acne by reducing the bacteria on the skin and decreasing inflammation. Additionally, it can be used to treat dental infections caused by bacteria. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as Microdox LBX can be beneficial in treating all of these conditions.

DOLO 650 is a medication commonly used to relieve fever. It contains paracetamol, which is effective in reducing fever caused by various conditions, including malaria, chikungunya, H1N1, and typhoid. Therefore, it can be used to treat fever caused by any of these conditions, making the statement "All of the above" the correct answer.

Dolowin Spas is indicated in abdominal spasm caused by intestinal colic, biliary colic, renal colic, and dysmenorrhea. This means that Dolowin Spas can be used to relieve abdominal spasms in all of these conditions. It is a versatile medication that can effectively treat spasms in various parts of the body, including the intestines, gallbladder, kidneys, and during menstrual cramps.

Cefixime in Gramocef OF acts by inhibiting peptidoglycan (cell wall synthesis). This means that it prevents the bacteria from forming a strong cell wall, which is necessary for their survival and replication. By inhibiting this process, cefixime effectively kills or slows down the growth of the bacteria, making it an effective antibiotic. This mechanism of action is specific to cefixime and is not applicable to all antibiotics. Additionally, the statement does not mention that cefixime is superior to ofloxacin or that it is very useful in STD infections.

Montelukast in Ebast M exerts its anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting leukotriene. Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators that play a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergies. By inhibiting leukotriene, Montelukast helps to reduce inflammation in the airways and control allergy symptoms. Additionally, Montelukast is non-sedative, which means it does not cause drowsiness or sedation. It also provides longer inhibition of Wheal & Flare, indicating its effectiveness in reducing allergic reactions.

Lactobacillus in Microdox LBX reduces the risk of diarrhea and improves stool consistency during antibiotic therapy. This is because antibiotics can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the gut, leading to diarrhea. Lactobacillus, a type of beneficial bacteria, helps restore this balance and promotes healthy bowel movements. By including Lactobacillus in Microdox LBX, the medication can effectively prevent or alleviate diarrhea symptoms that may occur as a side effect of antibiotic treatment.

Levosulpiride is known to be effective in providing better control of diabetic gastroparesis, a condition characterized by delayed emptying of the stomach in individuals with diabetes. This medication helps improve gastric motility and reduces symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and bloating. It acts by blocking dopamine receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to enhanced coordination and movement of the digestive system. Levosulpiride is not specifically indicated for gastric or duodenal ulcers, nor is it a globally accepted proton pump inhibitor (PPI).

Phenylephrine in Ebast DC is a proven nasal decongestant. This means that it has been tested and shown to effectively relieve nasal congestion caused by allergies or colds. Nasal decongestants work by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and congestion. Therefore, Phenylephrine in Ebast DC can be trusted to provide relief from nasal congestion.

EBAST is indicated for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR), Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR), and Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria. This means that EBAST can be used to treat all three conditions mentioned. Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis refers to allergies that occur during specific seasons, such as hay fever. Perennial Allergic Rhinitis refers to year-round allergies, while Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria refers to long-term hives with an unknown cause. Therefore, EBAST is suitable for treating all of these conditions.

Drotaverine is classified as a smooth muscle relaxant. Smooth muscle relaxants are drugs that act on the smooth muscles of the body, causing them to relax. This can help to relieve muscle spasms and cramps. Drotaverine specifically targets the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, helping to relax them and improve blood flow. It does not have any neurotransmitter or antimuscarinic actions, nor does it directly act on the nervous system.

Ofloxacin in Gramocef OF acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. DNA gyrase is an enzyme that is responsible for the supercoiling and uncoiling of DNA during replication and transcription. By inhibiting this enzyme, ofloxacin prevents the bacteria from replicating and transcribing their DNA, ultimately leading to their death. This mechanism of action makes ofloxacin an effective antibiotic against a wide range of bacteria.

The correct answer is Acelclofenac 100mg, Paracetamol 325mg, Serratiopeptidase 15mg. This is because the composition of Dolowin Forte includes Acelclofenac as the main active ingredient at a dose of 100mg, Paracetamol at a dose of 325mg, and Serratiopeptidase at a dose of 15mg. The other options provided have variations in the dose of Paracetamol, but the correct composition is specifically mentioned as Acelclofenac 100mg, Paracetamol 325mg, Serratiopeptidase 15mg.

Domperidone is a medication that has prokinetic action, meaning it enhances the movement of the digestive system. It does not reduce secretion of HCl or inhibit proton pump, as these actions are typically associated with medications used to treat acid reflux or ulcers. Domperidone primarily acts on the parietal cells of the stomach, which are responsible for producing stomach acid. Therefore, the correct answer is "Has Prokinetic Action."

Silybon has antiviral action, antifibrotic activity, and the ability to regenerate partially damaged hepatocytes. This means that it can help fight against viral infections, prevent fibrosis in the liver, and promote the healing and regeneration of liver cells.

Silybon is indicated for the treatment of viral hepatitis in both adults and children. It is also used for the management of alcoholic cirrhosis, a condition caused by long-term alcohol abuse that leads to liver damage. Additionally, Silybon is prescribed for the treatment of DASH (drug-induced acute liver injury with hyperbilirubinemia), a condition characterized by liver injury caused by certain medications. Therefore, all of the mentioned indications are correct.

Levobact has been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia and CAP. Nosocomial Pneumonia refers to pneumonia that is acquired in a hospital or healthcare setting, while CAP stands for Community-Acquired Pneumonia, which is acquired outside of a healthcare setting. Levobact is not indicated for the treatment of STD infections, URTI, or SSTI.

Peptic ulcer refers to the formation of open sores in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, known as the duodenum. Duodenal ulcers specifically occur in the duodenum, while gastric ulcers occur in the stomach. The correct answer, "Both 1 & 2," indicates that peptic ulcers can occur in both the duodenum (answer 1) and the stomach (answer 2).

The correct answer is "Free from harmful excipients." This means that Dolo drops do not contain any harmful additives or ingredients that could potentially cause harm to the user. This is an important factor to consider when choosing a medication, as harmful excipients can have negative side effects or interactions with other medications. By being free from harmful excipients, Dolo drops are considered safe for use.

Dolo 650 is suitable for elderly patients because it does not cause gastric irritation. This means that it is less likely to cause stomach discomfort or inflammation in older individuals who may already have sensitive stomachs or digestive issues. This makes it a safer and more tolerable option for pain relief in the elderly population.

Levosulpiride in Esofag L has prokinetic action, which means it helps to improve gastrointestinal motility and movement. It also has antiemetic action, which means it helps to prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting. In addition, it is considered safer than cisapride and metoclopramide, which are other medications used for similar purposes but may have more side effects or drug interactions. Therefore, Levosulpiride in Esofag L has all of the mentioned actions.

UDCA (Ursodeoxycholic acid) is the active ingredient in Udibon. It has multiple actions including cholorectic action, which means it helps in the secretion of bile and improves liver function. It also aids in the dissolution of gallstones by reducing the cholesterol content in bile and preventing the formation of new stones. Additionally, UDCA has antioxidant properties, which help in reducing oxidative stress and protecting the liver from damage. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as UDCA exhibits all these actions in Udibon.

Aceclofenac in DOLOWIN acts by inhibiting COX, which is an enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation. It also inhibits Interleukin 1 and TNF alpha, which are pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the inflammatory response. Additionally, it inhibits metalloproteinase, which is an enzyme involved in tissue breakdown. Therefore, all of the above options are correct as they describe the different mechanisms of action of Aceclofenac in DOLOWIN.

Drotaverine has an advantage over Dicyclomine because it does not have any anticholinergic effects, it can be taken twice a day (BID dose), and it acts at the cellular level. This means that Drotaverine does not cause the side effects associated with anticholinergic medications, it has a convenient dosing schedule, and it works directly on the cells involved in muscle relaxation. Therefore, all of the above options are advantages of Drotaverine over Dicyclomine.