Geography 5 - UCLA Chapter 5/6/7
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Geography 5 at UCLA chapters 5,6, 7 Principles of Environmental Science
- 1.What are the most important determinants in biome distributions?
- 2.- Mostly between N and S latitude - characterized by low moisture levels and precipitation that is infrequent and unpredictable from year to year- exhibit water conservation characteristics
- A.
Grassland
- B.
Desert
- C.
Tundra
- D.
Conifer Forests
- 3.- Primo agricultural land- deep roots - very rich soils- few trees due to inadequate rainfall- large daily and seasonal temps- fires typical/sometimes necessary to conserve nutrients
- A.
Grassland
- B.
Desert
- C.
Tundra
- D.
Conifer Forests
- 4.- Far north- short growing season- permafrost- water locked up much of the year- low biological productivity
- A.
Desert
- B.
Grasslands
- C.
Tundra
- D.
Conifer Forest
- 5.- cone bearing trees with needle like leaves with waxy coatings to minimize water loss (not much water) - southern pine forests- taiga
- A.
Desert
- B.
Grassland
- C.
Tundra
- D.
Conifer Forest
- 6.- occur throughout the world where rainfall is plentiful- deciduous trees shed leaves when water is scarce/ground is frozen - rich variation of tree species - forest canopy covers diverse understory
- 7.Cover relatively little total area but biologically distinctive productive; extremely varied due to temperature, water quality, geomorphic and other differences
- 8.Thermocline?
- A.
Bottom sub-community with low oxygen levels
- B.
Distinctive temperature transition zone that separates warm upper layer and deeper cold layer
- C.
Connects other aquatic ecosystems
- 9.Bogs and Fens
- A.
Waterlogged soils that tend to accumulate peat
- B.
Land surface is saturated or covered with water at least part of the year
- C.
Wetlands with trees
- D.
Wetlands w/out trees
- 10.Equivalent of an aquatic rainforest, accumulates calcareous skeleton of colonial organisms; HIGHLY endangered ecosystm
- 11.Eras of Extinction: Permian Period
- A.
Dinosaurs and 50% of existing genera disappeared
- B.
2/3 of all marine species and early half of all plant and animal families died out
- C.
Fossil records suggest more than 99% of all species ever in existence are now extinct
- 12.Puts mineral back into the soil of rain forests for a year or two, not bad if there is a low population density and leave enough time for the forest to recover- most nutrients found in the frees
- 13.- banks, govts, and lending institutions hold nearly $1 trillion in loans to developing countries – conservation orgs buy debt obligations on the secondary market at a discount and then offer to cancel the debt if the debtor country will agree to protect or restore an area of biological importance o Particularly focused on tropical rainforests
- 14.Define clear cutting
- A.
A small percentage of mature trees are taken in each 10-20 year rotations, can retain many characteristics of mature, old growth forests
- B.
Harvesting all trees in a narrow corridor
- C.
Every tree in a given area is cut regardless of size - fast/efficient but wastes small trees, increases erosion, eliminates wildlife habitat
- 15.Intensive planting of a single species, an efficient wood production approach, but one that encourages pests and disease infestations and conflicts with wildlife habitat or recreation uses - rapid growth and easier harvest- low biodiversity
- 16.Denuding and degrading a once fertile land, initiating a desert-producing cycle that feeds on itself and causes long term changes in soil, climate, and biota of an area
- 17.Confining grazing animals in a small area for a short time to force them to eat weedy species as well as the more desirable grasses and forbes
- 18.Most prominent form of malnourishment?
- A.
Iron deficiency
- B.
Starch deficiency
- C.
Iodine deficiency
- D.
Obesity
- 19.Soil Layers
- 20.Dramatically increased agricultural productions brought about by "miracle" strains of grain: usually requires high inputs of water, plant nutrients, and pesticides
- 21.Contour Plowing?
- A.
Planting different crops in alternating strips along land contours
- B.
Plowing across slope to slow the flow of water
- C.
Shaping land to create level shelves of earth to hold water and soil
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