Geography 5 - UCLA Chapter 5/6/7

21 Questions | By Ilsaal | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 249

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Geography 5 at UCLA chapters 5,6, 7 Principles of Environmental Science

Questions and Answers

1.

What are the most important determinants in biome distributions?
2.

- Mostly between N and S latitude - characterized by low moisture levels and precipitation that is infrequent and unpredictable from year to year- exhibit water conservation characteristics
- A.
  
  Grassland
- B.
  
  Desert
- C.
  
  Tundra
- D.
  
  Conifer Forests
3.

- Primo agricultural land- deep roots - very rich soils- few trees due to inadequate rainfall- large daily and seasonal temps- fires typical/sometimes necessary to conserve nutrients
- A.
  
  Grassland
- B.
  
  Desert
- C.
  
  Tundra
- D.
  
  Conifer Forests
4.

- Far north- short growing season- permafrost- water locked up much of the year- low biological productivity
- A.
  
  Desert
- B.
  
  Grasslands
- C.
  
  Tundra
- D.
  
  Conifer Forest
5.

- cone bearing trees with needle like leaves with waxy coatings to minimize water loss (not much water) - southern pine forests- taiga
- A.
  
  Desert
- B.
  
  Grassland
- C.
  
  Tundra
- D.
  
  Conifer Forest
6.

- occur throughout the world where rainfall is plentiful- deciduous trees shed leaves when water is scarce/ground is frozen - rich variation of tree species - forest canopy covers diverse understory
7.

Cover relatively little total area but biologically distinctive productive; extremely varied due to temperature, water quality, geomorphic and other differences
8.

Thermocline?
- A.
  
  Bottom sub-community with low oxygen levels
- B.
  
  Distinctive temperature transition zone that separates warm upper layer and deeper cold layer
- C.
  
  Connects other aquatic ecosystems
9.

Bogs and Fens
- A.
  
  Waterlogged soils that tend to accumulate peat
- B.
  
  Land surface is saturated or covered with water at least part of the year
- C.
  
  Wetlands with trees
- D.
  
  Wetlands w/out trees
10.

Equivalent of an aquatic rainforest, accumulates calcareous skeleton of colonial organisms; HIGHLY endangered ecosystm
11.

Eras of Extinction: Permian Period
- A.
  
  Dinosaurs and 50% of existing genera disappeared
- B.
  
  2/3 of all marine species and early half of all plant and animal families died out
- C.
  
  Fossil records suggest more than 99% of all species ever in existence are now extinct
12.

Puts mineral back into the soil of rain forests for a year or two, not bad if there is a low population density and leave enough time for the forest to recover- most nutrients found in the frees
13.

- banks, govts, and lending institutions hold nearly $1 trillion in loans to developing countries – conservation orgs buy debt obligations on the secondary market at a discount and then offer to cancel the debt if the debtor country will agree to protect or restore an area of biological importance o Particularly focused on tropical rainforests
14.

Define clear cutting
- A.
  
  A small percentage of mature trees are taken in each 10-20 year rotations, can retain many characteristics of mature, old growth forests
- B.
  
  Harvesting all trees in a narrow corridor
- C.
  
  Every tree in a given area is cut regardless of size - fast/efficient but wastes small trees, increases erosion, eliminates wildlife habitat
15.

Intensive planting of a single species, an efficient wood production approach, but one that encourages pests and disease infestations and conflicts with wildlife habitat or recreation uses - rapid growth and easier harvest- low biodiversity
16.

Denuding and degrading a once fertile land, initiating a desert-producing cycle that feeds on itself and causes long term changes in soil, climate, and biota of an area
17.

Confining grazing animals in a small area for a short time to force them to eat weedy species as well as the more desirable grasses and forbes
18.

Most prominent form of malnourishment?
- A.
  
  Iron deficiency
- B.
  
  Starch deficiency
- C.
  
  Iodine deficiency
- D.
  
  Obesity
19.

Soil Layers
20.

Dramatically increased agricultural productions brought about by "miracle" strains of grain: usually requires high inputs of water, plant nutrients, and pesticides
21.

Contour Plowing?
- A.
  
  Planting different crops in alternating strips along land contours
- B.
  
  Plowing across slope to slow the flow of water
- C.
  
  Shaping land to create level shelves of earth to hold water and soil