Pathology Of Gallbladder! Trivia Quiz! Test

Gallstones can occur as a single stone or multiple stones in the gallbladder. This means that a person can have either one large stone or several smaller stones. Therefore, the statement "Gallstones may be solitary or multiple" is true.

Approximately 75% of gallstones in the USA are primarily composed of cholesterol. This means that the majority of gallstones found in the US population are made up of cholesterol rather than other substances. This information suggests that high cholesterol levels may be a significant risk factor for developing gallstones in the USA.

A low fat diet can help reduce the frequency of gallbladder (GB) attacks. This is because a high fat diet can stimulate the gallbladder to release more bile, which can trigger attacks in individuals with gallbladder issues. By consuming less fat, the gallbladder is not stimulated as much, leading to fewer attacks. Therefore, it is true that a low fat diet tends to lessen the frequency of GB attacks.

Patients with sludge may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms similar to gallstone pain. Sludge refers to thickened bile that can accumulate in the gallbladder. It is composed of cholesterol crystals, calcium salts, and other substances. When sludge becomes symptomatic, it can cause pain similar to that caused by gallstones. This pain typically occurs in the upper abdomen and may radiate to the back or shoulder. Therefore, the statement that patients with sludge may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms similar to gallstone pain is true.

Cholelithiasis refers to the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. Acute calculous cholecystitis is a complication that can occur in patients with cholelithiasis, where the gallbladder becomes inflamed due to blockage of the cystic duct by a gallstone. The statement suggests that one-third of patients with cholelithiasis will develop this complication, indicating that it is a common occurrence in this population. Therefore, the answer is true.

The given correct answer is "3, three". This suggests that the normal wall thickness for GB (presumably referring to a specific object or material) is considered to be less than 3mm. The mention of "three" in the answer reinforces the numerical value of 3 as the appropriate measurement for the normal wall thickness.

A contracted gallbladder after eating can cause thickening of the gallbladder wall. This is because when the gallbladder contracts, it can appear thicker on imaging studies. This physiological response is a normal occurrence after a meal and is not indicative of any pathological condition. Therefore, the statement is true.

lab values are normal

Cholecystectomy is the most common treatment for cholelithiasis, which is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy involves the surgical removal of the gallbladder, which eliminates the source of the gallstones and prevents further complications. This procedure is considered a safe and effective treatment option for cholelithiasis, especially when the gallstones cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Additionally, cholecystectomy may be recommended if the gallstones are large, causing inflammation or infection, or if there is a risk of complications like gallbladder cancer.

hepatitis and cirrhosis DECREASE GB volume due to decreased bile production due to hepatocyte injury

artifacts will not move , where as sludge will

The organization of sludge into round, mobile, echogenic, non-shadowing balls is commonly known as "sludge balls". This term is used to describe the specific formation of sludge particles in a compact and spherical shape, which can be easily observed and identified through medical imaging techniques. The presence of sludge balls can indicate certain conditions or diseases within the body, such as gallstones or biliary sludge.

Tumefactive sludge refers to a long-standing obstruction in the gallbladder that causes the formation of sludge that does not move. This sludge resembles a pseudo-tumor or a neoplasm in the gallbladder.

The sonographic appearance of sludge in the gallbladder can be characterized as non-shadowing and echoes. This means that it does not create a shadow on the ultrasound image and produces echoes, indicating its presence within the gallbladder lumen.

Gallstones can present with various symptoms. Some individuals may be asymptomatic, meaning they do not experience any noticeable symptoms. However, others may experience RUQ (right upper quadrant) pain that radiates to the right shoulder, which is a common symptom of gallstones. Additionally, the pain caused by gallstones can sometimes mimic chest pain. Nausea and vomiting are also associated symptoms of gallstones. Therefore, the correct answers for symptoms of gallstones are asymptomatic, may have RUQ pain that radiates to right shoulder, pain mimics chest pain, and nausea and vomiting.

The correct answer is "sludge". Sludge refers to a mixture of calcium-bilirubin granules and cholesterol crystals. These substances can combine in the gallbladder to form a thick, viscous material known as sludge. Sludge can lead to various gallbladder problems, including inflammation and the formation of gallstones.

ALP may be elevated if CD or CBD are obstructed.

The correct answer is carcinoma. Carcinoma refers to a type of cancer that can develop in the gallbladder. Carcinomas can cause various changes in the structure and function of the gallbladder, leading to a higher risk of developing gallstones. This association between carcinoma and gallstones suggests that the presence of carcinoma in the gallbladder can increase the likelihood of developing gallstones.

The 6 F's that are risk factors for cholelithiasis are fair, fat, female, fertile, flatulent, and forty. These factors indicate that individuals who are fair-skinned, overweight or obese, female, of childbearing age, prone to flatulence, and over the age of forty are more likely to develop cholelithiasis. These risk factors may be associated with hormonal changes, increased cholesterol levels, and a sedentary lifestyle, all of which can contribute to the formation of gallstones.

Performing cholecystectomy procedures during the acute attack is preferred because early intervention decreases morbidity and mortality rates and requires shorter hospitalization. This means that operating on the patient during the acute phase of the attack leads to better outcomes and a quicker recovery, compared to delaying the surgery.

Gallstones are formed when there is an imbalance in the substances present in the bile, a fluid produced by the liver to aid in digestion. The correct answer states that gallstones are composed of cholesterol, bilirubinate, and carbonate. Cholesterol is a fatty substance that can accumulate in the gallbladder and form stones. Bilirubinate is a pigment formed from the breakdown of red blood cells, and its presence in the bile can contribute to stone formation. Carbonate refers to the presence of calcium carbonate, which can also be a component of gallstones. These three substances together can form solid deposits in the gallbladder, leading to the development of gallstones.

The given answer includes various factors that can cause sludge. Cystic duct obstruction can lead to the accumulation of bile and formation of sludge. Hyperalimentation, which is the excessive administration of nutrients, can cause changes in bile composition and contribute to sludge formation. Acute or chronic cholecystitis, which is inflammation of the gallbladder, can also result in sludge formation. Biliary stasis, which occurs due to prolonged fasting, can cause the bile to become stagnant and form sludge. Therefore, these factors can all contribute to the development of sludge in the gallbladder.

The correct answer is "strongly echogenic, posterior shadowing, mobile". These three characteristics are necessary to diagnose gallstones. "Strongly echogenic" refers to the high reflectivity of the gallstones on ultrasound imaging. "Posterior shadowing" indicates that the gallstones cause a dark area behind them due to the blocking of sound waves. "Mobile" means that the gallstones can move within the gallbladder or biliary ducts. Therefore, all three characteristics must be present for a definitive diagnosis of gallstones.

Cholelithiasis, also known as gallstones, is a condition characterized by the formation of stones in the gallbladder. The risk factors for cholelithiasis include parity (having given birth multiple times), pregnancy, estrogen therapy, diet (particularly high in cholesterol and low in fiber), gestational diabetes, oral contraceptives, and the 6 F's (fair skin, female gender, fat, fertile, forty years old or above, family history). These risk factors increase the likelihood of developing gallstones by influencing the composition of bile and the functioning of the gallbladder.

The given answer lists various structures that can mimic a gallstone. These include bowel gas, GB edge shadowing, Valves of Heister, junctional folds, and post cholecystectomy. These structures can appear similar to gallstones on imaging studies, leading to false positive diagnoses.

Having a small GB can be associated with several conditions. One possible explanation is congenital hypoplasia, which means the GB is abnormally small since birth. Another possible explanation is hepatitis and cirrhosis, which can cause inflammation and scarring of the liver, leading to a smaller GB. Chronic cholecystitis, which is a long-term inflammation of the GB, can also result in a smaller GB. However, the statement "not NPO" does not provide a clear explanation as to why having a small GB is applicable. Therefore, this answer choice is incorrect.

The correct answer includes acute cholecystitis, polyp, GB cancer (primary or metastatic), chronic cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, emphysematous cholecystitis, and gangrenous cholecystitis. These are all intrinsic causes that can lead to GB wall thickening. Acute cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, polyps are abnormal growths, GB cancer refers to primary or metastatic cancer in the gallbladder, chronic cholecystitis is long-term inflammation, adenomyomatosis is a benign condition characterized by hyperplastic changes in the gallbladder wall, emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare form of acute cholecystitis with gas formation, and gangrenous cholecystitis is a severe form of acute cholecystitis with tissue death.

The correct answer choices for Sonographic Non-Visualization of the GB are: porcelain GB, overlying bowel gas, chronic cholecystitis, not NPO, s/p chole, congenitally absent, contracted GB with stones, sludge filled GB, ectopic GB, and GB neoplasms that completely fill lumen. These conditions can cause the gallbladder to not be visualized on a sonogram.

The given answer includes various extrinsic causes of GB wall thickness. CHF (right sided heart failure) can cause congestion and increased pressure in the liver, leading to thickening of the gallbladder wall. Renal failure can result in fluid overload and increased pressure in the abdominal cavity, leading to gallbladder wall thickening. Acute hepatitis, AIDS, and sepsis can cause inflammation and infection, leading to gallbladder wall thickening. Ascites due to hypoalbuminemia can also cause increased pressure in the abdominal cavity, leading to gallbladder wall thickening. These conditions can all contribute to the thickening of the gallbladder wall.

An enlarged GB can be caused by several factors. IV hyperalimentation and prolonged fasting can lead to an enlarged GB due to the accumulation of bile in the gallbladder. Cystic duct obstruction can also cause the GB to become enlarged as bile cannot flow properly. Courvoisier's GB, which is characterized by an enlarged GB and jaundice, can be caused by obstruction of the bile duct by a tumor. Diabetes can lead to an enlarged GB due to impaired gallbladder function. Lastly, post vagotomy, a surgical procedure that involves cutting the vagus nerve, can cause the GB to become enlarged due to impaired nerve function.