Fundamentals Of Nursing III: Stress, Crisis, Crisis Intervention, Communication... (Practice Mode)-www.Rnpedia.Com

Demonstration is an effective teaching method for clients who need to be educated about self-injection of insulin because it allows them to visually observe the correct technique and procedure. By physically demonstrating the process, clients can gain a better understanding of how to properly administer insulin injections, including the correct angle, site selection, and injection technique. This hands-on approach helps to ensure that clients feel confident and competent in performing self-injection, reducing the risk of errors or complications.

The most appropriate nursing intervention in this situation is to ask the client to express their feelings and concerns. This allows the client to openly discuss their anxieties and fears about the diagnostic test and the possibility of having laryngeal cancer. By encouraging the client to express themselves, the nurse can provide emotional support, validate their feelings, and address any misconceptions or concerns they may have. This intervention promotes open communication and helps the nurse to better understand the client's emotional needs during this difficult time.

A good recording should have qualities such as brevity, meaning it should be concise and not overly long. It should also have completeness and chronology, meaning it should contain all the necessary information and be organized in a logical order. Appropriateness is another quality, indicating that the recording should be suitable and relevant to the intended audience or purpose. Lastly, accuracy is crucial, meaning the recording should be free from errors or false information. Therefore, all the qualities mentioned in options 1, 2, 3, and 4 are important for a good recording.

In crisis, the person experiences heightened feelings of stress, inability to function in the usual organized manner, and indicates unpleasant emotional feelings. However, it is not true that crisis lasts for 4 months. Crisis can vary in duration and may last for a shorter or longer period of time depending on the individual and the specific situation.

A characteristic of a crisis is that there is a triggering event. This means that a crisis is often precipitated by a specific event or situation that causes a disruption or threat to normal functioning. The triggering event can vary in nature, such as a natural disaster, a personal loss, or a sudden change in circumstances. It serves as the catalyst for the crisis and sets in motion a series of challenges and difficulties that need to be addressed and resolved.

An effective Nurse-Client relationship should be focused on the patient's needs, based on mutual trust, and convey acceptance. However, it should not discourage an emotional bond. Emotional connection and empathy are important aspects of nursing care and can help build trust and rapport with the patient, leading to better outcomes. Therefore, discouraging an emotional bond would not be a characteristic of an effective Nurse-Client relationship.

The situation described in the question suggests that Roger's behavior is disruptive and inappropriate. Nurse Aida's response of addressing the behavior and giving a directive indicates that they are in the working phase of the Nurse-Patient Relationship (NPR). In this phase, the nurse and patient work together to achieve the goals of the treatment plan. The nurse sets boundaries and expectations for behavior, and the patient is expected to follow them.

A therapeutic relationship is directed towards helping an individual both physically and emotionally. This means that the nurse focuses on addressing the client's physical and emotional needs and providing support and care in both areas. The nurse aims to promote the client's overall well-being by addressing their physical health concerns as well as their emotional and mental well-being. This approach recognizes the interconnectedness of physical and emotional health and aims to provide holistic care to the individual.

A Kardex is a concise method of organizing and recording data about the client. It is a series of flip cards kept in a portable file used in change of shift reports. Kardex cards contain important information about the client's medical history, current medications, allergies, and other relevant details. This system allows healthcare professionals to easily access and update the client's information during shift changes, ensuring continuity of care.

The abbreviation "p.c" stands for "post cibum," which means "after meals." Therefore, when the physician orders Maalox 2 hours p.c, it means that the medication should be taken 2 hours after meals.

The correct answer defines therapeutic communication as a reciprocal interaction based on trust and aimed at identifying patient needs and developing mutual goals. This means that therapeutic communication involves both the nurse and the patient actively engaging in the communication process, with trust and understanding being key elements. The goal is to understand the patient's needs and work together to develop goals that benefit both the patient and the nurse. This definition highlights the importance of a collaborative and empathetic approach in therapeutic communication.

Mr. La Jueteng used the defense mechanism of displacement. Displacement involves redirecting one's emotions or impulses from an original target to a substitute target that is less threatening or more acceptable. In this case, Mr. La Jueteng redirected his anger and frustration from his illegal activities and getting caught onto his son, shouting at him instead. This allowed him to release his pent-up emotions in a safer and more socially acceptable way.

The therapeutic nurse-client relationship is a professional relationship that focuses on helping the patient solve problems and achieve health-related goals. It is maintained only as long as the patient requires professional help. Friendship and mutual interest are not the basis of this relationship.

During the recovery stage, it is important for the body to receive adequate nutrition to support healing and regain strength. High protein and high calorie foods provide the necessary energy and nutrients for tissue repair and growth. Additionally, Vitamin A and C are essential for immune function and wound healing. Therefore, a diet that is high in protein, high in calories, and rich in Vitamin A and C would be most beneficial for Miss Imelda's recovery.

The correct answer is a therapeutic communication because it acknowledges the patient's statement, but gently redirects their perception of reality. By stating their name, role, and location, the nurse helps to ground the patient in the present moment and their current situation. This response shows empathy and understanding while also maintaining a calm and professional demeanor. It encourages further conversation and exploration of the patient's beliefs, allowing for a therapeutic relationship to be established.

The term "a.c" is an abbreviation for "ante cibum" which means "before meals" in Latin. It indicates that the medication should be taken before eating.

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The given scenario describes a sudden and unexpected event where the Philippine president, Estrada, has been impeached and removed from office before completing his term. This situation can be categorized as a situational crisis. A situational crisis refers to an unexpected event or circumstance that disrupts the normal functioning of an individual or organization. In this case, the impeachment and removal of the president from office is an unforeseen event that creates a crisis situation for him.

The domain of learning responsible for making John and Marsha understand the different kinds of family planning methods is cognitive. Cognitive learning involves acquiring knowledge, understanding concepts, and developing thinking skills. In this case, John and Marsha would need to learn and understand the various methods of family planning, which falls under cognitive learning.

As a nurse, your responsibility when using materials like leaflets to educate cancer patients is to read it yourself first and then have the client read the material. This ensures that you are familiar with the information and can address any questions or concerns the patient may have. It also empowers the patient to take an active role in their own healthcare by reading and understanding the material themselves.

When there is an antibody-antigen reaction as a result of microorganism infection, purulent exudates are expected. Purulent exudates are thick, yellowish or greenish in color, and contain a high concentration of white blood cells (pus). This type of exudate is typically seen in bacterial infections and indicates the presence of an active immune response against the invading microorganisms.

Teaching a client when they are in pain may not be effective as their focus and ability to absorb information may be hindered by their discomfort. It is important to prioritize the client's well-being and address their pain before attempting to teach them anything.

Restating is the correct answer because Budek restates Rommel's statement in order to clarify and confirm his understanding. Restating is a therapeutic communication technique that involves repeating the client's words or thoughts to show active listening and to ensure accurate comprehension. In this situation, Budek restates Rommel's statement by asking, "You see dead people?" This allows Rommel to confirm or correct Budek's understanding, promoting effective communication and understanding between the two individuals.

The correct answer suggests that Marissa Salva uses Benson's relaxation technique by concentrating on her breathing without tensing her muscles. She then lets go and repeats a word or sound after each exhalation. This technique helps her to relax and achieve a state of calmness and mental clarity.

In the pre-orientation phase of the nurse-patient relationship, the nurse reviews the client's medical records to gather as much information as possible about the client. This allows the nurse to have a comprehensive understanding of the client's medical history, current condition, and any specific needs or considerations. By reviewing the medical records, the nurse can better prepare for the upcoming orientation phase and establish a solid foundation for the therapeutic relationship with the client.

Before teaching a client post spleenectomy deep breathing and coughing exercises, it is important to inform the patient about the benefits of these exercises. Deep breathing and coughing exercises help promote good breathing and circulation, and also prevent complications such as thrombophlebitis, hydrostatic pneumonia, and atelectasis. This explanation prepares the patient for the exercises and emphasizes the importance of cooperation in improving recovery.

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First intention healing, also known as primary intention healing, occurs when a wound is carefully closed with surgical incisions and the edges of the wound are brought together using sutures or staples. This type of healing results in minimal scarring because the wound edges are in close apposition, allowing for a faster and more efficient healing process. The closed wound also reduces the risk of infection and promotes quicker tissue regeneration. Overall, first intention healing is the preferred method for wounds that can be easily closed and where minimal scarring is desired.

The statement "It is a nervous energy" is not true about stress. Stress is not a form of nervous energy, but rather a physiological and psychological response to external pressures or demands. It is a natural reaction to challenging situations and can have both positive and negative effects on individuals.

Budek used the therapeutic technique of making observation. By stating "You appear restless," Budek is acknowledging and reflecting the client's behavior and internal state. This technique helps the client feel heard and understood, and it can also provide an opportunity for the client to further explore and express their feelings.

Knowing yourself is the correct answer because therapeutic communication involves self-awareness and self-reflection. Before effectively communicating with clients, healthcare professionals must have a clear understanding of their own beliefs, values, biases, and emotions. This self-awareness helps them maintain professionalism, avoid projecting personal issues onto clients, and establish a therapeutic relationship based on trust and empathy. By knowing oneself, healthcare professionals can better understand their own reactions and responses, allowing them to communicate in a way that is respectful, non-judgmental, and supportive of the client's needs.

Nurse Aida and Roger belong to the Orientation phase of the Nursing Process (NPR). This phase involves establishing a contract with the patient, discussing the frequency of meetings, and introducing the expected termination. Additionally, Nurse Aida starts taking baseline assessments and sets interventions and outcomes during this phase.

The term "Od" is an abbreviation for "Once a day" in medical terminology. It indicates that the medication, Maxitrol, should be taken once daily as prescribed by the physician.

Martina's devastation, depression, and constant crying indicate that she is experiencing a significant and overwhelming problem or difficulty. This suggests that she is in a crisis situation, where she is struggling to cope with the challenges she is facing.

Budek used the technique of voicing doubt. Instead of immediately accepting Myra's statement as true, Budek expressed skepticism and questioned the credibility of her claim. This technique is often used to challenge or question someone's belief or perception, in order to encourage critical thinking and further discussion on the topic.

Psychomotor domain refers to the ability to physically manipulate objects or perform tasks that require coordination, dexterity, and precise movements. Injecting insulin requires a specific set of skills and actions, such as handling the syringe, locating the injection site, and administering the insulin correctly. These actions fall under the psychomotor domain as they involve physical movements and coordination. Therefore, the ability of Donya Delilah to inject insulin is attributed to the psychomotor domain of learning.

The nurse should start giving XANAX when the client starts to have a narrow perceptual field and selective inattentiveness. This indicates that the client's anxiety has escalated to a point where they are experiencing difficulty focusing and paying attention. XANAX is a medication commonly used to treat anxiety and can help to alleviate these symptoms.

The client asking a question is not a sign or symptom of anxiety because it is a normal and common behavior in various situations. Anxiety is typically characterized by excessive worry, restlessness, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and physical symptoms such as increased heart rate and shortness of breath. Asking a question does not align with these typical anxiety symptoms.

The first manifestation of inflammation is redness on the affected area. Inflammation is a response by the body's immune system to injury or infection. When there is inflammation, blood vessels in the affected area dilate, allowing more blood to flow to the area. This increased blood flow causes redness and warmth. Additionally, the blood vessels become more permeable, allowing fluid and immune cells to enter the tissue, leading to swelling. Pain and guarding of the area may also occur as a result of inflammation. However, redness is typically the earliest and most noticeable sign of inflammation.

Third intention healing, also known as delayed primary closure, occurs when a wound is left open initially to allow for drainage and removal of infected material. After a period of time, usually several days, the wound is then closed surgically. This method is used when there is an infection present in the wound or when the wound is too contaminated to be closed immediately. Delaying closure allows for the infection to be controlled and for the wound to be cleaned before suturing it.

The abbreviation "cc" stands for "with." In the context of the question, it means that the physician ordered Magnesium Hydroxide with Aluminum Hydroxide. This indicates that both medications should be taken together or combined in some way.

Neutrophils are responsible for proliferation at the injured site immediately following an injury. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that are part of the body's immune response. They are the first cells to arrive at the site of injury or infection and play a crucial role in fighting off pathogens and promoting tissue repair. Neutrophils are highly mobile and can quickly migrate to the site of injury, where they release enzymes and chemicals to destroy pathogens and remove debris. Their rapid proliferation helps to contain and eliminate the source of infection or injury.

Peplau is the correct answer because she is a renowned nursing theorist who developed the theory of interpersonal relations. According to Peplau, the nurse-patient relationship progresses through four stages: Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, and Resolution. These stages describe the different levels of interaction and emotional connection between the nurse and the patient throughout the therapeutic process. Peplau's theory emphasizes the importance of the nurse's role in facilitating the patient's growth and promoting their well-being through effective communication and interpersonal skills.

Remedios feeling "EMPTY" and believing that she has lost God's favor and love due to her sins indicates a sense of emptiness and absence of spiritual connection. This suggests that she is experiencing a spiritual loss, where she feels disconnected from her spiritual beliefs and experiences a void in her relationship with God.

Covert communication refers to the act of conveying messages or expressing oneself indirectly, often through subtle cues, body language, or nonverbal signals. It involves hiding or concealing one's true thoughts or feelings, which aligns with the given statement about not liking to talk about inner feelings. Unlike overt communication, which is more explicit and straightforward, covert communication allows individuals to communicate their emotions or ideas without directly stating them. This form of communication can be used to convey sensitive or confidential information, maintain privacy, or manipulate others' perceptions.

A flow sheet is a document used to monitor and record data over time, such as the progression or fluctuation of a client's temperature and blood pressure. It is a visual representation in the form of graphic charts or graphs that allows healthcare professionals to easily track and analyze the data. Flow sheets are commonly used in medical settings to provide a comprehensive overview of a patient's vital signs and other important information. They are an effective tool for ensuring accurate and efficient monitoring of a client's condition.

The given chart entries provide information about a patient's vital signs, symptoms, and physical abilities. The entries state that the patient has a body temperature of 36.8 degrees Celsius, blood pressure of 120/80, and complained of chest pain. Additionally, it is mentioned that the patient seems agitated but is able to walk without any help. However, the correct answer states that "Seems agitated" is not a correct entry. This suggests that the patient may not actually be displaying signs of agitation, or there may be a mistake or omission in the chart.

The activation of the adreno-cortical response typically leads to a decrease in urine output. This is because during times of stress or activation of the adreno-cortical response, the body conserves fluid by decreasing urine production. Therefore, a decrease in urine output would be an expected response in this situation.

In this scenario, Nurse Aida is demonstrating positive regard as a major ingredient of therapeutic communication. Despite the incident, she still considers Roger as worthwhile simply because he is a human being. Positive regard involves showing respect, acceptance, and non-judgment towards the patient, which helps create a supportive and trusting relationship. By maintaining a positive regard for Roger, Nurse Aida is fostering a therapeutic environment that promotes open communication and patient-centered care.

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play a role in the immune response against parasites and in allergic reactions. In cases of anaphylaxis, which is a severe allergic reaction, there is a release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. Eosinophils are attracted to these inflammatory signals and migrate to the affected tissues, where they release additional inflammatory substances. This leads to an increase in eosinophil numbers and activity, making eosinophils the WBC component that proliferates in cases of anaphylaxis.

Inflammation causes the release of edema fluids, which can lead to the compression of local nerve endings. This compression applies pressure on the nerve endings, resulting in pain. Therefore, the primary cause of pain in inflammation is the compression of local nerve endings by the edema fluids.

Offering choices to clients with anxiety may not be appropriate because it can overwhelm them and increase their anxiety. People with anxiety often struggle with decision-making and may feel overwhelmed by too many options. Providing a limited number of choices or offering guidance and support in decision-making may be more helpful for individuals with anxiety.

Restating is the correct answer because Budek is repeating Myra's statement back to her in a slightly different form. Restating is a therapeutic communication technique that helps the speaker feel heard and understood, and it also allows the listener to clarify any misunderstandings. In this case, Budek is restating Myra's statement to show that he understands her difficulty with sleeping.

The Mongol #2 should be used because it is a writing instrument commonly used for writing and taking notes. It is a standard pencil that is easy to use and does not smudge easily. It is a practical choice for writing an information on the Kardex.

Elton is exemplifying a moderate anxiety level. This is indicated by his symptoms of sweating profusely, decreased awareness of his environment, and selective attentiveness. These symptoms suggest that he is experiencing a moderate level of anxiety, which is causing him to become highly focused on the exam questions.

The best goal for crisis intervention is to provide alternate coping mechanisms. Crisis situations often leave individuals feeling overwhelmed and unable to cope effectively with their emotions and circumstances. By providing alternate coping mechanisms, such as teaching relaxation techniques or problem-solving skills, the individual can develop healthier ways to manage their emotions and navigate through the crisis. This goal focuses on empowering the individual to develop their own resilience and adaptive strategies, rather than simply returning them to their pre-crisis state or ensuring that they become better.

Milieu therapy is the best intervention when the client has just experienced a crisis and is still in the first phase of the crisis. Milieu therapy focuses on creating a therapeutic environment that is supportive, structured, and safe for the client. It involves providing a positive and nurturing atmosphere, promoting healthy interactions and relationships, and offering various activities and interventions to help the client cope with the crisis. This approach aims to stabilize the client's emotions, reduce anxiety, and facilitate their overall recovery and well-being.

The vital information regarding the client's allergy to Iodine based dye should be placed at the front metal plate of the chart. This is because the front metal plate is easily visible and accessible to healthcare professionals, allowing them to quickly and easily identify the client's allergy and take appropriate precautions. Placing this information at the front metal plate ensures that it is prominently displayed and easily noticed, reducing the risk of any allergic reactions or complications during medical procedures.

The coronary vessels, which supply blood to the heart, respond to sympathetic stimulation by vasodilatation. This means that when the sympathetic nervous system is activated, the coronary vessels widen or dilate, allowing more blood to flow to the heart. This is important because during times of increased demand, such as during exercise or stress, the heart needs more oxygen and nutrients. By dilating the coronary vessels, the body ensures that the heart receives an adequate blood supply to meet its increased demands.

The last expected process in the stages of inflammation is the loss of normal function in the affected part. This occurs as a result of the inflammatory response, which is the body's attempt to protect itself and promote healing. Inflammation causes swelling, pain, and changes in the affected area, leading to a loss of normal function. This can include limitations in movement, decreased strength or coordination, and impaired sensory perception. Loss of normal function is a common symptom of inflammation and is indicative of the body's ongoing response to injury or infection.

Nonverbal communication is considered as the most accurate expression of a person's thoughts and feelings because it includes body language, facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice. These nonverbal cues often convey more information and are more reliable indicators of a person's true emotions than verbal communication alone. Nonverbal communication can be subtle and nuanced, allowing for a deeper understanding of a person's intentions and attitudes. It is an essential aspect of human interaction and can greatly enhance the effectiveness of verbal communication.

The correct answer indicates that learning has been achieved because Matuts has taken action and implemented the knowledge gained from the mag HL tayo program by starting to exercise every morning and eating a balanced diet. This demonstrates that Matuts has understood the importance of the program and is actively applying it in her daily life.

Increased awareness of environmental details can indicate mild anxiety because when someone is anxious, they tend to become hyper-vigilant and notice even the smallest details in their surroundings. This heightened awareness is a result of their increased alertness and anticipation of potential threats or dangers. Therefore, this manifestation suggests that the client is experiencing mild anxiety.

The abbreviation "ss" in this context stands for "one half." This means that the physician has ordered a Paracetamol tablet with a dosage of one half of the usual or standard dose.

Anxiety is a psychological condition that is characterized by feelings of fear, unease, or worry. It can be caused by various factors, such as stress, trauma, or a chemical imbalance in the brain. The statement "The source of dread or uneasiness is from a recognized entity" is not true because anxiety can often be triggered by unrecognized or unknown factors. People may experience anxiety without being able to pinpoint a specific cause or source of their distress. Therefore, anxiety can arise from both recognized and unrecognized entities.

Lorraine's disorganized and incomprehensible speech suggests that she is experiencing a high level of anxiety. Panic is characterized by extreme fear and a sense of losing control, which can lead to symptoms such as disorganized speech. Therefore, the features described in the question belong to the level of anxiety known as panic.

Kenneth is experiencing both spiritual anxiety and spiritual guilt. He feels that he has not met God's expectations and is fearful of God's punishment. This indicates a sense of guilt and anxiety about his spiritual standing and relationship with God.

POMR stands for Problem-Oriented Medical Record. It is a type of recording that integrates all data about the problem, gathered by members of the health team. This approach organizes patient information based on specific problems or issues, rather than the traditional source-oriented or resource-oriented methods. The POMR system allows for a more comprehensive and efficient approach to patient care, as it focuses on addressing individual problems and tracking progress over time.

The best way to communicate the client's allergy to penicillin is to notify the attending physician. The attending physician is responsible for the overall care and treatment of the patient, and they need to be aware of any allergies in order to make informed decisions about medications and treatment plans. This ensures that the client is not given penicillin or any related medications that could potentially cause an allergic reaction.

After tissue injury, the initial response is immediate vasoconstriction. This is a protective mechanism that helps to minimize bleeding and prevent further damage. Vasoconstriction narrows the blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the injured area and thus limiting the extent of injury. This response is followed by a subsequent phase of vasodilation, which helps in the recruitment of immune cells and promotes tissue healing. However, the immediate response is vasoconstriction to prevent excessive bleeding.

Lyza is using biofeedback as a relaxation technique. Biofeedback involves using electronic devices to monitor and provide feedback about physiological processes in the body, such as pulse rate, temperature, and muscle tension. By visualizing and assessing this information, Lyza can learn to control and regulate these bodily functions, leading to relaxation and stress reduction. Massage, autogenic training, and visualization and imagery are other relaxation techniques, but they do not involve the use of electronic devices for monitoring and feedback.

Luvox is not an anxiolytic because it is classified as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression. Anxiolytics are medications specifically designed to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Valium, Ativan, and Milltown are all benzodiazepines, which are commonly prescribed anxiolytics.

Restitution is a defense mechanism that involves making amends or compensating for a perceived wrongdoing. In this scenario, Legrande is buying his son ice cream and food, which can be seen as a form of restitution for any guilt or remorse he may feel. This behavior is an unconscious way for Legrande to restore his sense of balance and rectify the situation.

Given the description of the injuries suffered by Miss Imelda, it is likely that the type of healing that will occur is second intention. Second intention healing occurs when there is a significant tissue loss or a wound that cannot be closed by primary intention (first intention) healing. In this case, the lacerations and tissue loss on Miss Imelda's arms and elbow indicate that the wound will need to heal from the bottom up, with granulation tissue filling in the gap and eventually forming a scar. This process is characteristic of second intention healing.

The given answer violates the characteristic of good recording because it includes objective measurements such as blood pressure, temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate, which are important for assessing the client's condition. Good recording should focus on factual information and avoid subjective statements or personal opinions. The other options (ate 50% of food served, refused administration of betaxolol, visited and seen by Dr. Santiago) do not violate the characteristic of good recording as they provide specific details about the client's actions and interactions.

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The sympatho-adreno-medullary response is the body's physiological response to stress. It is characterized by the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which have various effects on the body. Constipation may occur as a result of increased sympathetic activity, which can slow down digestion. Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, can occur due to the release of adrenaline, which stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream. Increased blood pressure is also a common effect of the sympatho-adreno-medullary response, as adrenaline and noradrenaline cause vasoconstriction, narrowing the blood vessels and raising blood pressure. Therefore, the effects of sympatho-adreno-medullary response by the client include constipation, hyperglycemia, and increased blood pressure.

Nurse Aida should intervene and correct Nurse Irma because her statement shows that she is lacking positive regard. Positive regard refers to the ability to view and treat others with respect, acceptance, and compassion. Nurse Irma's statement of referring to the patient as "psychotic" indicates a lack of positive regard, as it demonstrates a judgmental and stigmatizing attitude towards the patient. It is important for healthcare professionals to maintain positive regard towards all patients, regardless of their mental health condition, in order to provide effective and compassionate care.

Validation is the most effective communication skill in dealing with covert communication because it involves acknowledging and accepting the feelings and concerns of the other person without judgment. By validating their emotions and experiences, it creates a safe and supportive environment for open communication. This can help uncover hidden messages and underlying issues that may not be openly expressed. Validation also promotes trust and understanding, allowing for a more effective resolution of covert communication.

Monocytes are responsible for phagocytosis in chronic tissue injury. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that can differentiate into macrophages, which are specialized cells involved in the phagocytosis of pathogens, cellular debris, and foreign substances. In chronic tissue injury, monocytes migrate to the site of injury and differentiate into macrophages, helping to clear away damaged tissue and promote healing. Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are also types of white blood cells, but they have different functions and are not primarily responsible for phagocytosis in chronic tissue injury.

The Kardex is not the primary basis of endorsement. This means that it is not the main source or document used to endorse or recommend something. The Kardex may provide readily available information and be a tool for end of shift reports, but it is not the primary basis of endorsement.

The given answer "Resource oriented" is the correct answer because it aligns with the description provided in the question. The question states that each person or department makes notations in separate records, such as nursing notes and physician's order sheet. This indicates that the data is arranged according to the information source, which is a characteristic of a resource-oriented type of record-keeping system.

The response "Why are you so anxious? Please tell me more about your feelings Erik" is non-therapeutic because it dismisses Erik's concerns and does not address his fear or pain. It also does not provide any reassurance or support, which is important in a therapeutic response.

Levito Devin is experiencing a maturational crisis. This type of crisis occurs when individuals face significant life transitions, such as retirement, that lead to feelings of loss, uncertainty, and a reevaluation of one's identity and purpose. In this case, Devin's retirement is causing him to feel depressed as he grapples with the loss of influence, power, fame, and fortune that he once had.

Providing opportunities to express feelings would least likely be effective when dealing with a client with aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior often stems from frustration, anger, or a lack of ability to effectively communicate emotions. Allowing the client to express their feelings may further escalate their aggression and make it more difficult to manage the situation. It is important to address the underlying issues causing the aggression and implement strategies such as approaching the client calmly, maintaining eye contact to establish trust, and avoiding isolating the client from others to promote a safe and therapeutic environment.

In patients with anxiety, it is common to observe dilated pupils. This is because anxiety triggers the release of adrenaline, which causes the pupils to dilate. Dilated pupils allow more light to enter the eyes, enhancing visual perception and increasing the ability to focus and concentrate. Therefore, if a patient's chart indicates ANXIETY +3, it would be expected to see dilated pupils in this client.

Budek's response of "Do you think your crazy?" reflects back Rommel's question and mirrors it back to him, which is an example of reflecting in therapeutic communication. Reflecting involves paraphrasing or repeating the client's words or feelings to show understanding and encourage further exploration of their thoughts and emotions. In this case, Budek's response reflects Rommel's question and encourages him to further examine his own thoughts and feelings about being crazy.

The most important characteristic of a nurse-patient relationship is that it is growth facilitating. This means that the relationship between the nurse and patient should support and encourage the patient's personal growth and development. The nurse should provide a safe and supportive environment for the patient to explore their feelings, concerns, and goals, and help them to develop new skills and coping mechanisms. This characteristic emphasizes the importance of the nurse's role in promoting the patient's overall well-being and empowering them to take an active role in their own healthcare journey.

A patient with a blood sugar level of 50 mg/dl is experiencing hypoglycemia, which is a low blood sugar level. In response to this, the body initiates a stress response to raise the blood sugar level back to a normal range. One of the physiological changes that occur during a stress response is an increase in blood pressure. This is because the body releases stress hormones, such as epinephrine and cortisol, which cause blood vessels to constrict and the heart to beat faster, leading to an increase in blood pressure.

The most appropriate response by Budek is "What is that you said?" This response shows that Budek is actively listening and engaged in the conversation with Whitney. It allows Whitney to further express her thoughts and feelings, and it shows empathy and understanding towards her.

Thorndike is the correct answer because his theory of learning, known as behaviorism, emphasizes that transfer of knowledge occurs when a new situation closely resembles an old one. This means that individuals are more likely to apply previously learned knowledge and skills to new situations that are similar to ones they have encountered before. Thorndike's theory focuses on the idea that learning is a result of associations formed between stimuli and responses, and that these associations can be transferred to similar situations.

In establishing a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, it is important for the nurse to understand that patients might test her before trust is established. Patients may display behaviors or attitudes that challenge the nurse's authority or trustworthiness as a way of assessing the nurse's commitment and ability to provide care. By recognizing and understanding this, the nurse can respond empathetically and consistently, building trust and rapport with the patient. This understanding allows the nurse to navigate through any initial barriers and work towards establishing a therapeutic relationship based on trust and mutual understanding.

Active listening on what the patient says is the best way to assess the client's pain. By actively listening to the patient, the healthcare provider can gather important information about the location, intensity, and quality of the pain. The patient's description of their pain can provide valuable insights that may not be apparent through physical assessment or observation of behavior. This approach allows for a more patient-centered and holistic assessment of pain, taking into account the individual's subjective experience.

Pavementation is the correct answer because it is the first process that occurs in the inflammatory response after injury. During pavementation, the injured blood vessels release chemicals that cause the nearby endothelial cells to become sticky. This stickiness allows white blood cells called neutrophils to adhere to the endothelial cells and migrate out of the blood vessels into the injured tissue. This process is crucial for initiating the inflammatory response and beginning the healing process.

Inflammation serves several purposes, including localized tissue injury by increasing capillary permeability, protecting the tissue from injury by producing pain, and preparing for tissue repair. However, increasing heat does not directly contribute to the abatement of phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and destroy foreign particles or pathogens. While inflammation can increase blood flow and bring immune cells to the site of infection or injury, heat itself does not directly affect the ability of phagocytes to engulf and destroy pathogens.

Autogenic training is a technique that involves self-suggestion and self-hypnosis. It is a relaxation technique that aims to promote a state of deep relaxation and reduce stress. During autogenic training, individuals focus on specific sensations and imagery to induce a state of relaxation and calmness. This technique can help individuals gain control over their bodily functions, such as heart rate and blood pressure, through self-suggestion. Therefore, autogenic training aligns with the description provided in the question as a form of self-suggestion or self-hypnosis.

Grace is experiencing spiritual alienation. This is evident from the fact that she believes her relationship with God is broken and she is trying to go to church every day to ask for forgiveness. This suggests a sense of disconnection or separation from her spiritual beliefs and a feeling of being distant or estranged from God.

The correct answer is social because the tsunami in Thailand and Indonesia affected a large number of people and caused significant changes in their lives. This type of crisis is social in nature because it involves the collective impact on communities and societies, as well as the emotional and psychological effects on individuals. The devastation caused by the tsunami created a social crisis that required support and rebuilding efforts to help affected individuals and communities recover and start anew.

Restating is the therapeutic technique used in this situation. Restating involves repeating the client's words back to them in order to clarify and confirm understanding. In this case, Nurse Budek restates Myra's statement about thinking a lot about her ex-boyfriend to confirm that it is causing her difficulty sleeping. This technique helps the nurse show empathy and understanding, and encourages the client to further explore their thoughts and feelings.

This statement is considered not therapeutic because it focuses on the cause of the anxiety rather than the patient's feelings and experiences. It may come across as judgmental or dismissive, potentially making the patient feel defensive or misunderstood. A more therapeutic approach would be to explore the patient's emotions and provide support and empathy.