Functional Anatomy Muscle System

The muscle that performs the opposite motion of the agonist is called the antagonist. The agonist is the muscle responsible for the primary movement, while the antagonist works in opposition to the agonist to provide stability and control the movement. This relationship between the agonist and antagonist muscles allows for coordinated and controlled movement.

Concentric and eccentric contractions are the two types of isotonic contractions. In a concentric contraction, the muscle shortens while generating force, such as when lifting a weight. In contrast, an eccentric contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens while generating force, such as when lowering a weight. These two types of contractions play important roles in muscle development and movement control.

Contractility refers to the ability of a muscle to shorten or contract when stimulated. This allows the muscle to generate tension and produce movement. In other words, contractility is the muscle's ability to actively shorten and generate force. It is an essential characteristic of muscle tissue and is responsible for various bodily movements and functions.

When a muscle is unstimulated, it returns to its normal resting length. This means that the muscle is not contracted or stretched, but rather in a relaxed state. The term "normal resting length" refers to the natural position of the muscle when it is not being actively used or stimulated.

When a muscle is stimulated, the bone that is most stable is called the origin. The origin refers to the attachment point of a muscle that is relatively fixed or immobile during muscle contraction. It is usually located proximally, closer to the center of the body or the point of attachment of the muscle to the skeleton. The muscle contracts and pulls on the origin, causing movement around the joint and creating force and tension. The insertion, on the other hand, refers to the attachment point of the muscle that moves during muscle contraction.

The force built up within a muscle is referred to as tension. Tension is the pulling force generated by the muscle fibers when they contract. It is responsible for the muscle's ability to generate movement and perform various tasks. When a muscle contracts, the tension it produces allows it to exert force on the bones and joints, enabling movement and maintaining stability. Therefore, tension is the correct answer to the question.

The agonist is the muscle or muscle group that causes the motion. It is responsible for the main action or movement of a joint. In other words, it is the primary muscle that contracts to produce a specific movement.

Elasticity is the ability of a material or substance to recoil or return to its original shape or length after being stretched or shortened. This property allows the material to withstand deformation and return to its normal resting length when the stretching or shortening force is removed. Elasticity is a fundamental characteristic of many materials, including rubber, springs, and certain types of tissues in the human body. It is what allows these materials to absorb and store energy, making them useful in various applications such as in clothing, engineering, and biomechanics.

The correct answer is isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic. Isometric contractions occur when the muscle generates tension without changing its length, isotonic contractions involve the muscle changing length while maintaining tension, and isokinetic contractions involve the muscle contracting at a constant speed.

Isometric contraction occurs when a muscle contracts and produces force without changing its length. This type of contraction is commonly seen in activities such as holding a heavy object in a fixed position or maintaining a static posture. During isometric contractions, the muscle fibers generate tension, but there is no visible movement or change in the length of the muscle. This is different from isotonic contractions, where the muscle changes length as it contracts, and isokinetic contractions, where the muscle contracts at a constant speed.

Eccentric contraction occurs when muscle attachments move farther apart. This type of contraction is characterized by movement usually occurring with gravity and the contraction being used with deceleration.

A synergist muscle works with one or more other muscles to enhance a particular motion. It assists the prime mover muscle by stabilizing the joint or providing additional force to produce the desired movement. In other words, it helps the prime mover muscle in executing a specific action more effectively.

Concentric contraction occurs when muscle attachments move closer together during a movement against gravity. It is an acceleration activity because it involves shortening of the muscle fibers while generating force. This type of contraction is commonly seen during exercises like bicep curls or squats, where the muscle contracts to lift a weight or move a body part.

When a muscle is stimulated, the movable bone to which it attaches is called the insertion. The insertion is the point where the muscle is attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts. This is different from the origin, which is the point where the muscle is attached to the stationary bone. In this case, the correct answer is "Insertion" because it accurately describes the movable bone in relation to the stimulated muscle.

Tone refers to the slight tension that exists in a muscle even when it is at rest. This tension allows the muscle to be ready for action and maintain its shape and firmness. It helps in maintaining posture and stability in the body.

Irritability refers to the ability of an organism or cell to respond to a stimulus. It is the capacity to detect and respond to changes in the environment or internal conditions. This response can be in the form of movement, secretion, or other physiological changes.

Extensibility refers to the ability of a muscle to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied. This means that the muscle can be elongated without being damaged or torn. This is an important characteristic of muscles as it allows for flexibility and range of motion in the body. When a force is applied to a muscle, such as during stretching or exercise, the muscle fibers can extend and lengthen to accommodate the force. This allows for increased flexibility and helps prevent injuries during physical activity.

Cocontraction is the result when an agonist and an antagonist contract at the same time. This occurs when both muscles surrounding a joint are activated simultaneously, leading to increased stability and control of the joint. Cocontraction is commonly observed during tasks that require fine motor control or when there is a need for joint stability, such as maintaining balance or holding an object steady.

In a closed kinetic chain, the distal segment of the body is fixed while the proximal segment moves. This means that the movement originates from the fixed distal segment and is transferred through the chain to the moving proximal segment. This type of movement is often seen in exercises such as squats or push-ups, where the hands or feet are fixed and the rest of the body moves.

In an open kinetic chain, the distal segment of the body is free to move while the proximal segment remains fixed. This allows for isolated movement of a specific joint or muscle group. In contrast, a closed kinetic chain involves the distal segment being fixed while the proximal segment moves. Open kinetic chain exercises are commonly used in rehabilitation settings to target specific muscles or joints without putting excessive stress on the surrounding structures.

Active insufficiency refers to the state of a muscle when it reaches a point where it cannot shorten any further. This occurs when the muscle is already in a shortened position and is unable to generate enough force to produce further movement. In this state, the muscle is unable to contract fully and perform its intended function.

Isokenetic contraction occurs when resistance changes but the speed of the movement remains constant. In this type of contraction, the muscle is able to generate a constant amount of force throughout the entire range of motion, regardless of the resistance. This is achieved by using specialized equipment that can accommodate the changing resistance levels while maintaining a constant speed. Isometric contraction refers to a contraction where the muscle length does not change, isotonic contraction refers to a contraction where the muscle length changes, and isochronical contraction is not a recognized term in relation to muscle contractions.

Passive insufficiency occurs when a muscle cannot be elongated any further without causing damage to its fibers. This means that the muscle has reached its maximum length and cannot stretch any more without risking injury. In passive insufficiency, the muscle is unable to fully lengthen, which can limit joint movement and flexibility.

Isotonic contractions occur when the muscle length changes and the joint angle changes. In this type of contraction, the muscle tension remains constant throughout the movement. This allows for movement of the joint and the muscle to shorten or lengthen. Isotonic contractions can be further classified as concentric, where the muscle shortens, or eccentric, where the muscle lengthens, depending on the direction of the movement. Isotonic contractions are commonly seen in activities such as weightlifting or running, where the muscles are actively moving and changing length.

A stabilizer is a muscle or muscle group that supports and makes firm a part of the body, allowing the agonist (the muscle responsible for the movement) to work more efficiently. Stabilizers help to maintain proper alignment and stability during movement, preventing unwanted motions or compensations. They provide a solid base for the agonist muscle to generate force and control movement, enhancing overall performance and reducing the risk of injury.

Concentric contraction refers to a type of muscle contraction where the muscle shortens as the origin moves towards the insertion. In this contraction, the muscle generates force while it is getting shorter. This type of contraction is commonly associated with movements such as lifting weights or performing bicep curls.

The distance of the maximum elongation to the maximum shortening is called "excursion". This term refers to the range or extent of movement or displacement that an object or material can undergo. In the context of this question, it specifically refers to the distance between the maximum elongation and maximum shortening of an object or material.

A parallel muscle fiber type refers to a muscle with fibers that run parallel to each other. This allows for greater force production and range of motion. Strap, fusiform, rhomboidal, and triangular muscles are all examples of parallel muscle fiber types.

When the origin of a muscle moves towards the insertion, it is known as "Reversal of muscle action." This term describes a change in the normal direction of muscle contraction, where the muscle's usual action is reversed. In this scenario, the muscle's origin, which is the point where it attaches to a stationary bone, moves towards the insertion point, which is the point where it attaches to a moving bone. This reversal of muscle action can occur in certain situations, such as when a muscle is acting as a stabilizer or when performing specific exercises or movements.

When a muscle can perform multiple actions, a neutralizer contracts to prevent any unwanted motion. The neutralizer muscle works to counteract the undesired movement caused by the primary muscle's action. By contracting, the neutralizer muscle helps to stabilize the joint and ensure that only the intended motion occurs, preventing any additional or unwanted movement.

The correct answer is "All of these." An oblique muscle type refers to a muscle that has fibers that run at an angle to the tendon. This type of muscle can be found in various forms, including unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate. Unipennate muscles have fibers that run diagonally from one side of the tendon, while bipennate muscles have fibers that run diagonally from both sides of the tendon. Multipennate muscles have multiple tendons with fibers running diagonally between them. Therefore, all of these options are correct as they represent different forms of oblique muscle types.

The muscle that is not as effective but does assist in providing the motion is called an assisting mover. While it may not be the primary muscle responsible for the movement, it still contributes to the motion and helps support the action. This muscle works alongside the primary mover to coordinate and enhance the movement.

In a concentric contraction, the muscle shortens as it generates force, causing movement at the joint. This is typically what happens during the lifting phase of an exercise, such as when lifting a dumbbell during a bicep curl.