French Revolution Chapter Assessment

The Tennis Court Oath pledged that the Third Estate/National Assembly would remain together until a Constitution was written. This oath was taken by members of the Third Estate on June 20, 1789, in a tennis court in Versailles, France. The Third Estate, which represented the commoners and the majority of the population, declared themselves as the National Assembly and vowed to stay united until a constitution was established. This oath marked a significant moment in the French Revolution, as it symbolized the determination of the Third Estate to bring about political change and limit the power of the monarchy.

The Third Estate rebelled and declared themselves the National Assembly because they were dissatisfied with their lack of representation and influence in the French government. The Third Estate, which represented the common people, felt marginalized by the privileged First and Second Estates. By declaring themselves the National Assembly, they aimed to establish a more equal and representative government that would address the grievances of the common people. This marked a significant turning point in the French Revolution and ultimately led to the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic.

The Tennis Court Oath was made by representatives of the Third Estate. This group, which consisted of commoners and lower-ranking clergy, declared themselves as the National Assembly and vowed not to disband until a new constitution was established. This act was a significant event during the French Revolution and marked the beginning of the revolution against the monarchy. The Girondists were a political group that emerged later during the revolution and had different goals and ideologies. King Louis XVI and Napoleon were not involved in the Tennis Court Oath.

The Storming of the Bastille was a significant event during the French Revolution. The need for gunpowder and weapons was one of the main reasons that led to this event. The Bastille was a symbol of royal authority and was also a prison that held political prisoners. The revolutionaries believed that by capturing the Bastille, they could acquire weapons and ammunition to defend themselves and further their cause. The storming of the Bastille marked a turning point in the revolution and symbolized the uprising against the monarchy and the beginning of the French Revolution.

The correct answer is the storming of the Bastille. This event refers to the attack on the Bastille prison in Paris during the French Revolution. On July 14, 1789, a mob of enraged citizens stormed the prison, which was seen as a symbol of royal tyranny. The storming of the Bastille marked a turning point in the revolution and is widely regarded as the start of the French Revolution. It represented the people's uprising against the monarchy and their demand for political and social change. The event is significant in French history and is often seen as a symbol of the struggle for liberty and democracy.

The French Revolution was caused by a combination of factors, including a financial crisis in France, the lavish spending of Louis XVI and Marie Antionette, and the inequality of the Estate system. The financial crisis was a result of France's involvement in expensive wars and a poorly managed economy. The extravagant lifestyle of the monarchy, particularly Louis XVI and Marie Antionette, further exacerbated the economic problems and fueled public resentment. Additionally, the Estate system, which divided society into three classes with unequal rights and privileges, created widespread social and economic inequality. These factors together led to widespread discontent and ultimately sparked the French Revolution.

Before the revolution, members of the Third Estate had a high tax burden and little political power. This is because the Third Estate, which consisted of the commoners, peasants, and the middle class, bore the majority of the tax burden imposed by the monarchy. They were subject to heavy taxes, such as the taille (land tax), while the nobility and clergy enjoyed exemptions. Additionally, the Third Estate had limited representation and influence in the government compared to the privileged First and Second Estates. This inequality in taxation and political power contributed to the grievances that led to the French Revolution.

The ideas of the Enlightenment contributed to the French Revolution because they challenged the traditional authority of the monarchy and promoted concepts such as individual rights, equality, and the power of reason. Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu criticized the absolute rule of the monarchy and advocated for a more democratic and just society. Their ideas inspired the French people to question the existing social and political order, leading to widespread discontent and ultimately the overthrow of the monarchy during the Revolution.

Louis committing the act of trying to escape France can be considered treasonous because it indicates a betrayal of his position as the king and his duty to the French people. As the monarch, Louis had a responsibility to stay and govern the country, but his attempt to flee showed a lack of loyalty and a disregard for the well-being of his subjects. This act could be seen as an act of treason against the French Revolution and the ideals it represented.

The correct answer is the Committee of Public Safety. During the French Revolution, this group was given extraordinary powers to protect France from outside invasion. They were responsible for maintaining law and order, suppressing counter-revolutionary activities, and ensuring the success of the revolution. Led by Maximilien Robespierre, the Committee implemented a series of radical measures, including the Reign of Terror, in order to safeguard the revolution and eliminate its enemies.

The Third Estate was not exempt from the French taille. The taille was a direct tax imposed on the common people, including peasants and the bourgeoisie, who made up the Third Estate. The First Estate (clergy) and the Second Estate (nobility) were exempt from this tax. This exemption was one of the reasons for the growing discontent and inequality that eventually led to the French Revolution.

In 1789, King Louis XVI summoned the Estates-General primarily to raise taxes to pay off growing debt. This was because France was facing severe financial crisis due to extravagant spending, costly wars, and an inefficient tax system. The king hoped that by increasing taxes, he would be able to generate more revenue to repay the mounting debts and stabilize the country's finances. This decision ultimately led to widespread discontent and contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution.

During the French Revolution, King Louis XVI left Versailles for Paris when his palace was surrounded by women demanding bread. This event, known as the Women's March on Versailles, took place on October 5, 1789. The women, frustrated by food shortages and high bread prices, marched to the palace to demand action from the king. Their protest was successful in persuading the king to return to Paris and address their concerns, which marked a significant turning point in the revolution.

Marat is the exception because he did not die by the guillotine. Jean-Paul Marat, a radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution, was assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, who stabbed him to death. Marat's death occurred before the Reign of Terror, during which the guillotine was extensively used to execute political figures. Therefore, Marat's assassination by stabbing makes him the only leader on the list who did not die by the guillotine.

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Robespierre's ultimate fate was execution following a failed suicide attempt. This means that after attempting to take his own life but failing, he was subsequently executed.

Austria and Prussia were both willing to go to war with France to help Louis regain his power. These two countries saw an opportunity to restore the monarchy and protect their own interests by supporting Louis. Austria and Prussia believed that a strong monarchy in France would provide stability and prevent the spread of revolutionary ideas. They formed alliances and launched military campaigns against the French Republic, aiming to reinstate Louis as the ruler of France.